From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Tue Sep 1 16:22:53 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB001017A2TX@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB0010179ZTS@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPA00I01S1KAE@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:53:44 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPA00I02S1J9B@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:53:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08D184469B for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:57:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 06F8B4469A for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:57:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 038374523A for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:57:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 985BE40C0A for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:55:54 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A8DB40C09 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:55:53 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n81EtqYP011198 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:55:52 -0400 (EDT) Date: Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:55:46 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Robert Fano film To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <42AFE3B8-997D-464E-BFCC-0943FEDB11C7@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=BQBb8oKxK+fYaoPHy 0lPQhPw2kI=; b=Zoab/E9o/l/1nlgGZeDI8xnu1mivowzrIzvsfnkmkpmoaLVy4 3MKBnCgKjmkR3lYffifXXyYo4xC8gHHUxyvPA== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 8C69BD82-9707-11DE-8D85-94FEB97BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <019f01ca2b13$0f704770$2e50d650$@frankston.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: "Bob Frankston" Date: September 1, 2009 10:46:58 AM EDT To: Cc: "Tom Van Vleck" Subject: FW: [multicians] Fwd: Robert Fano film This might be of interest to IP readers. Bob Fano was a founder of Project MAC at MIT with Multics being a primary project. Unix was created by Multics participants at Bell Labs. -----Original Message----- From: multicians@yahoogroups.com [mailto:multicians@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Tom Van Vleck Sent: Tuesday, September 01, 2009 10:11 To: multicians@yahoogroups.com Subject: [multicians] Fwd: Robert Fano film I received mail from Morna Findlay at Edinburgh pointing me to a YouTube film of Prof. Fano explaining time-sharing and scientific computing. I have asked for permission to link to it on multicians.org. (I recognize the office furnishings.. he is in his office in 545 Technology Square, so he was probably Director of Project MAC at the time. The system Prof. Fano is using is CTSS, an early version that typed WAIT, after each command. That, the limit of 24 on number of users, and the use of a M35 Teletype terminal suggest to me that the film was produced in 1963, around the time of the Project MAC Summer Study.) > Would you be interested in this: > > > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjnmcKVnLi0 > > In which ( we think) Prof Fano explains "scientific cpmputing" ------------------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/multicians/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/multicians/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: mailto:multicians-digest@yahoogroups.com mailto:multicians-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: multicians-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Tue Sep 1 16:22:54 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB001017A2TX@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB0010179ZTS@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPA00L01SSGAA@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:09:52 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPA00K2MSSGY8@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:09:52 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA96F420AE for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:13:18 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A91FC420AC for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:13:18 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8BCC342265 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:13:18 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 839713F35C for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:07:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 61D963F35B for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:07:22 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n81F7JHH017405 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:07:19 -0400 (EDT) Date: Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:07:18 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <03B31153-ACB0-4A34-91A4-E17067C185E2@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:message-id :to:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe :list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=9Fmgx8aW5GOSxz6Srb3Tl4yTwT4=; b=FK mmlF3nIcK9Sc4KWaLnmaDtLKcQHfG/Bw4v9/ZN7s9C0avprYqtSERzFFIQH1eRM5 /rAHnMQL41QuZA75lHwQ== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 271321D8-9709-11DE-A15A-6DE711F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second except for. Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does not. I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interesting and potentially profitable challenge. Dave -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Tue Sep 1 16:22:55 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB001017A2TX@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB0010179ZTS@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPA00L01SSIAH@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:09:54 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPA00K2PSSIY8@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:09:54 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0373B447A8 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:13:21 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0073B447A4 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:13:21 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2DFF45279 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:13:20 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DEA443F382 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:11:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD6C73F380 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:11:49 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n81FBlAx025403 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:11:48 -0400 (EDT) Date: Tue, 01 Sep 2009 11:11:47 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] INTERESTING Hacker-run GSM network / Private GSM To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <570DF806-BDE1-4ECA-BE53-56B22FA8CAFB@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=AVGTVwHoANWQXHXXM ee2lWgZmPw=; b=XuBEMKxW9/o9Wid/DDWHP/QjPo+ZDsWG/KtfcCD6xRB/qMcXi 3ePQq2ksFetUkPt9FXDZhm2ZraABGenYuGG7Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: C66D2F94-9709-11DE-AEC6-73B711F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <43B8FE8ADDDB5B40B3097A1B178F7C6D03664F8F@host1.hosting.local> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: "Hendrik Rood" Date: August 31, 2009 3:08:13 PM EDT To: Subject: RE: [IP] Hacker-run GSM network / Private GSM Professor Farber, As I attended that camp / conference and although I did not hitchike to the site I got a hello message from the GSM network that identified itself as NL 42 and send out messages to register with them via cell-broadcast. Many who carried an iPhone experienced an unexpected freeze up from that message and thought their devices were hacked. The BSC-BTS operated under an experimental low-power license for 100mW in the 900 MHz range from our Radio Agency. The hacker-BSC turned out to be rather old-fashioned stuff in technical sense, they had made a TDM - 2 Mbit/s backhaul. His BTS was a macrocell, albeit at low power and an omnidirectional antenna. His system worked for calls, but I couldn't get an SMS through to another user, but that might have been my misconfiguration in the handset. I wasn't that impressed, it was nice that they work on their open source implementation, but closed source very affordable solutions on a more modern Ethernet / IP-technology base is also on the market and there is much going on with pico- and femtocells. Observing the message I have the impression that most readers of IP are not aware what is going on today in the area of the so-called Private GSM-networks. This year it is the intention to alter the Dutch Frequency plan to allow low-power (200 mW) unlicensed use for GSM1800 in today's unused frequencies at the edge of the GSM and the DECT-band. The so-called GSM/DECT Guard band. A bit comparable change handing out the same frequencies, but then with many low-power GSM licenses to a high number of operators has already been made in the UK. The difference for the Netherlands is that we will go unlicensed low-power and thus make a pure cellular operator bypass. The IT and Telecoms division of the Dutch Military Forces already experiments with this GSM1800 band. All devices working at GSM1800 do operate in those unused bands. The Dutch Forces have bought a pair of 1U height GSM-core servers jointly capable to serve up to 100k subscribers/SIM-cards. The basestations are picocells that are hooked up to core over an IP network (mainly just hooked up on the Ethernet LAN on the military bases and ships). They have received their own E.212 Mobile Network Code and issue their own SIM-cards. They do not use femtocells as these are mainly designed for 3G today. But that may be a next stage. There are also some unused 3G ranges and the WRC2000 has decided that 2G frequencies may also be reused for 3G. License free low power 3G can be arranged for, it was foreseen in the ITU IMT2000, but it is more an equipment availability question. The Dutch Forces currently connect their core to a GSM mobile gateway/HLR of switch based MVNO Tele2, who advertises their MNC, routes their signalling and contracts roaming at wholesale prices for them in the Netherlands and all around the globe. It is the plan of the military to outfit the military field bases (today in Uruzgan) and the Navy ships via satellite backhaul. An uplink of 128 kbit/s per ship or small base suffices to hook up all basestations back to the core. There are even ideas to put satellite backhaul links on trucks in large convoys who then carry the basestation. The Forces' setup with a roaming contract to the public network means that staff and crew can go off base or off in a harbour from a ship and only then they will then roam on the public network on land, while on the ship or a base they are with the GSM in their own MNC-domain. When their own GSM-network fails at a specific base, they automatically roam on a public network. The prime reason to engage in this setup for the Dutch Ministry of Defense were the problems they encountered with Voice-over-WiFi in real field circumstances. Big file downloads did cause problems with voice streams on the radio network. In Kosovo they had got a BTS-BSC with satellite backhaul installed by a public operator. Now it becomes more Do-It-Yourself. There is currently a public consultation going on in the Netherlands to change the E.212 numbering plan so that corporate end users and businesses (you must at least be willing to invest in the now how to operate a GSM-core and learn a lot of new protocols a typical corporate PABX owner today is unfamiliar with) can apply for their own MNC. The installation firm that supplies the Private GSM to the Dutch Ministry of Defense is here: http://www.radioaccess.nl/en/ They work with equipment from an English firm apptly called Private Mobile Networks: http://www.privatemobilenetworks.com/whatis/ That firm also has a Rapid Deployment GSM network that can be set up in a few minutes for emergency situations http://www.privatemobilenetworks.com/products/rapidgsm/ The bottom line. While the hacker is programming his own BSC which still had to link to a TDM-BTS microcell, similar efforts on IP based picocells and femtocells are on the way. Otherwise products that do work are already commercially available for non-operator businesses. It mainly requires a forward looking spectrum agency to free up some frequencies for unlicensed, low-power use of cellular technology and also willing to issue E.212 Mobile Network Codes directly to non-operator businesses. There is something moving in the UK and The Netherlands in this respect, but I doubt if this will happen in the USA. In the UK and the Netherlands businesses are also able to get 0800/0900 numbers as well as corporate PABX E.164 numbering ranges straight from the regulator. In the USA all this type of numbers and numbering block distribution from NANPA seems still to be routed via operators, who are used to play all kinds of hoarding games with them. I do not know how E.212 MNC's are distributed. Interest from corporate and campus users, in particular those who occupy high-risers and difficult to cover buildings is growing fast. It is a way to get rid of most of the fixed telephones on desks, provide good coverage everywhere and keep metering down and even connect all your offices over the IP network. Unsurprisingly the entire "movie" of operator resistance against such deployment is reprised. The "no harm to the network discussions" seems to be done over again as well as the rules from old playbooks with titles like "PABX-es must be operator owned and controlled devices". With kind regards, Hendrik Rood -- > -----Oorspronkelijk bericht----- > Van: David Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net] > Verzonden: maandag 17 augustus 2009 15:32 > Aan: ip > Onderwerp: [IP] Hacker-run GSM network > > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Randall > Date: August 17, 2009 7:28:14 AM EDT > To: johnmacsgroup@yahoogroups.com, Dewayne Hendricks > , David Farber > Subject: Hacker-run GSM network > > [[From the Telecom Digest]] > > From: Thad Floryan > To: moder8@telecom.csail.mit.edu > Subject: Hacker-run GSM networks are coming [Telecom] > Message-ID: <4A88B360.7020506@thadlabs.com> > > I have mixed emotions when I read something like the > following which appeared on Slashdot earlier today, > especially given the known GSM interference problems. > > However, this is telephony and this is news (from Slashdot): > > Harald Welte, who's been interviewed previously by Slashdot, > has written on his blog about operating an Open Source GSM > network: > > 09_gsm_network >> > > at the recent HAR2009 conference: > > > > Photographs and a description and of the setup, run under > license of the Dutch regulatory authority, are provided; > essentially the setup consisted of a pair of BTSs (Base > Transceiver Stations) running at 100mW transmit power each > and tied to a tree. In turn these provided access to the Base > Station Controller (BSC), in this case a Linux server in a > tent running OpenBSC: > > > > The system authenticated users with a token sent via SMS; in > total 391 users subscribed to the service and were able to > use their phones as if they were on any other network. > > Independent researchers are increasingly examining GSM > networks and equipment, Welte's work proves that GSM is in > the realm of the hackers now and that this realm of mobile > networking could be set for a few surprises in the future. > > [ We need to keep an eye on this; "a few surprises" could mean > many different things :-) ] > > -- > The war on privilege will never end. Its next great campaign > will be against the privileges of the underprivileged. H. L. Mencken > > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Tue Sep 1 16:22:56 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB001017A2TX@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB0010179ZTS@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:22:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB00L014FCK7@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:21:12 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPB00L404FC2W@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:21:12 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7DEA44EDC for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:24:39 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A376844ED6 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:24:39 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D395451D8 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:24:39 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4C6941BEB for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:23:34 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 769D641BEA for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:23:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n81JNWDm017894 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:23:32 -0400 (EDT) Date: Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:23:32 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] panel on Internet of the Future To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <4CEEB088-7C1D-4CE2-990D-7B0B5E401B68@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE X-Priority: 3 (Normal) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h= content-type:mime-version:subject:from:date :content-transfer-encoding:message-id:references:to:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=Ph1RKNghi8SqrkD7Z57yIGkfJr4=; b=Rwy0D5jBvYFgGqcrEbhVweWfpyh7 sZC2hyDJnQIn+4RDcEI6MvI9xZF7WiXJ+Cm//81jmXyzjLrjyx5Bbu6r+w== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: F10C171A-972C-11DE-B46B-B71FBA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <19163.192.104.54.21.1251832095.squirrel@webmail.ece.cmu.edu> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 The FCC has been holding a series of workshops to solicit information= =20 that will help in writing the National Broadband Plan. One panel contains= =20 some preeminent Internet researchers, so it may be of particular interest = to the research community. The Internet of the Future, and How To Get There =95=09David D. Clark, Professor and Senior Research Scientist, MIT Co= mputer Science and AI Lab =95=09Van Jacobson, Research Fellow, Palo Alto Research Center =95=09Scott Shenker, Professor of Computer Science, UC Berkley =95=09Taieb Znati, Division Director, National Science Foundation =95=09Robert D. Atkinson, President, Information Technology and Innov= ation Foundation Moderator: Jon Peha, Chief Technologist, Federal Communications = =20 Commission Less research oriented, but for those with an interest in issues rela= ted to video over the Internet, the panel that follows immediately will include =95=09Gilles BianRosa, CEO, Vuze, Inc. =95=09Richard R. Green, former President and CEO, CableLabs =95=09Angela K. Morgenstern, Managing Director, PBS Online =95=09Gigi Sohn, President and Co-Founder, Public Knowledge =95=09Phil Wiser, Co-founder, Chairman and President, Sezmi This will occur on Thursday, Sept. 3. The first panel begins at = =20 9:30AM EDT. Webcast available at http://www.broadband.gov/workshops.html -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Wed Sep 2 07:43:41 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWPDW@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWLDP@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPB004018DTMZ@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:46:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPB003548DSS2@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:46:41 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 392BD4238C for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:50:08 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 372024238A for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:50:08 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B39B433DE for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:50:08 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A8FFD3F136 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:43:34 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 70CAF3F134 for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:43:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n81KhWQZ025077 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:43:32 -0400 (EDT) Date: Tue, 01 Sep 2009 16:43:31 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_E8T5IUdy5c02iAQ8MeRe6Q)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=6PjcuGYgI9hxTxWdmX3PDpNwAjo=; b=fwDrePeCIi1juum3OnEkq JQTZEEtxJ/P/BsUeEB4hX50uyOE9ZCYrjDQH5eVvO6jTuAh3J7wpw9iBLtuTMnI7 Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 1DFFBDA2-9738-11DE-90C1-00E511F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <786344325.286409.1251827765778.JavaMail.root@vms228.mailsrvcs.net> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_E8T5IUdy5c02iAQ8MeRe6Q) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: From: Chuck Brownstein Date: September 1, 2009 1:56:05 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband Reply-To: charles.brownstein@verizon.net Dave, Long ago in a land far a way, a band of techies looking to understand where their world was going and figure out how to get there took a look at similar issues. (Ok, ok, some of them just wanted to simplify marketing thier boxes and bandwidth, but their musings might yet be amusing). If you go to: and look at Class Profiles for the Current and Emerging NII; February 1997, you can see what sort of notions were floated in antiquity. Adjust orders of magnitude to translate to today's technologies, and watch out for network anti-nutrality potholes Chuck On Sep 1, 2009, David Farber wrote: The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second except for. Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does not. I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interesting and potentially profitable challenge. Dave ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_E8T5IUdy5c02iAQ8MeRe6Q) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: Chuck Brownstein <= ;charles.brownstein= @verizon.net>
Date: September 1, 2009 1:56:05 PM EDT
Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Br= oadband

Dave,

Long ago in a= land far a way, a band of techies looking to understand where their = world was going and figure out how to get there took a look at simila= r issues.  (Ok, ok, some of them just wanted to simplify marketi= ng thier boxes and bandwidth, but their musings might yet be amusing)= .

If you go to: <http://www.xiwt.org/documents/documents.html> = and look at Class Profi= les for the Current and Emerging NII; February 1997= , you can see what sort of notions were floated in antiquity. Adjust = orders of magnitude to translate to today's technologies, and wa= tch out for network anti-nutrality potholes

Chuck


<= br>

On Sep 1, 2009, David Farber <dave@farber.net> wrote:

The other day I had a co= nversation with a friend at the Federal
Communications Commission= . He asked an interesting question. When
people talk about broadb= and they tend to talk about numbers bits per
second except for.
Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sens= itive
to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolet= e in a few
years. Second of all, and maybe most important it igno= res other issues
that would make any speed usable in many applica= tions -- -- like
latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "synt= ax" for broadband --
-- that is a deeper way of characterizing wh= en a system supports
broadband and when it does not.

I off= er to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this
interesti= ng and potentially profitable challenge.

Dave


-----= --------------------------------------
Archives: https://www.listbox.com/m= ww.listbox.com/" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"parsedLink">http://www.li= stbox.com

--Boundary_(ID_E8T5IUdy5c02iAQ8MeRe6Q)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Wed Sep 2 07:43:42 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWPDW@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWLDP@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00G015Y4KZ@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:51:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00F765Y4F9@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:51:40 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 993514517E for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:09 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 97ECB45179 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:09 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 95A5246D13 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:09 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E83AC3FBAB for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:53:41 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B57C83FBAA for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:53:39 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n828rbu5003672 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:53:37 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:53:37 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] FCC Comment on Defining Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_ltJqoGk5esq+IZZlA/Yejw)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:message-id:to:mime-version:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=cTGB/3TSER1gWoaCS2eHzZBS/Ps=; b=WNKoOdvBcEgu93lOJS1ECorhv0BF Spnqx8BoUDdAw/o74WTY/KE6xurG2GwyykgW4MLAkhDqWaVFPxwHRE2K5Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 1C8F7280-979E-11DE-9EF2-E9C711F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_ltJqoGk5esq+IZZlA/Yejw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT FirstMile.US is collecting information to submit to the FCC regarding "Comment Sought on Defining Broadband" and needs your input. This survey will be open until September 7 at 5 PM Pacific. Tell your friends. https://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=VNQhAteAwZ0JZHpFHky_2bTQ_3d_3d ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_ltJqoGk5esq+IZZlA/Yejw) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE
FirstMile.US= is collecting information to submit to the FCC regarding "Commen= t Sought on Defining Broadband" and needs your input. This survey wil= l be open until September 7 at 5 PM Pacific. Tell your friends.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=3DVNQhAteAwZ0JZHpFHky_2bTQ_3d= _3d

--Boundary_(ID_ltJqoGk5esq+IZZlA/Yejw)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Wed Sep 2 07:43:43 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWPDW@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWLDP@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00G0160CRE@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:53:06 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00G7160B7Y@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:53:00 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A2C54562C for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:56:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4875D4562B for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:56:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 454FF45FDD for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:56:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 468283FBBC for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:54:56 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 115013FBBB for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:54:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n828srdx013229 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:54:53 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:54:52 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <8AB73E7D-80FB-46E3-B1D4-1D4020C0C51E@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_+rcdsUessQ2i6YGScOirwA)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=ge3gW8pL1/brmSqGK5z4fi0PWWU=; b=QT988E9LYfizgK26hbH7l c4ov6PQoUsjxWUrjq6jcEthHf5z4jmoY1loE7m0Mz7NDz7capjniy3S28FYpznFp w== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 49744EF6-979E-11DE-A103-D1E711F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <924341.12906.qm@web65109.mail.ac2.yahoo.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_+rcdsUessQ2i6YGScOirwA) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Please also copy me for IP djf Begin forwarded message: From: Stagg Newman Date: September 1, 2009 9:12:42 PM EDT To: ip , dave@farber.net Cc: Rob Curtis , Tom Brown Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband IPers: Please do send us your ideas. We need an grammer that can be used to definie "broadband", a very ill defined term. [and not the technical definition on an "broad analog channel :>) ] The definition needs to recognize that the capabilities must evolve with time. And pramatically the key focus of the defintional effort is "high performance access to the Internet", where the Internet is the IP based network of networks. Email on IP is welcome as are public filings in the FCC proceeding 09-47. Stagg Newman Chief Technologist, FCC National Broadband Plan team stagg.newman@fcc.gov --- On Tue, 9/1/09, David Farber wrote: From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: "ip" Date: Tuesday, September 1, 2009, 4:43 PM Begin forwarded message: From: Chuck Brownstein Date: September 1, 2009 1:56:05 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband Reply-To: charles.brownstein@verizon.net Dave, Long ago in a land far a way, a band of techies looking to understand where their world was going and figure out how to get there took a look at similar issues. (Ok, ok, some of them just wanted to simplify marketing thier boxes and bandwidth, but their musings might yet be amusing). If you go to: and look at Class Profiles for the Current and Emerging NII; February 1997, you can see what sort of notions were floated in antiquity. Adjust orders of magnitude to translate to today's technologies, and watch out for network anti-nutrality potholes Chuck On Sep 1, 2009, David Farber wrote: The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second except for. Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does not. I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interesting and potentially profitable challenge. Dave ------------------------------------------- Archives ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_+rcdsUessQ2i6YGScOirwA) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE
Pleas= e also copy me for IP  djf 
Begin forwarded message= :

From: Stagg Newman <lsnewmanjr@yahoo.com>
Date: September 1, 2009 9:12:42 PM EDT
Cc: Rob Curtis <robert.curtis@fcc.gov>, Tom Brown <= thomas.brown@fcc.gov><= br>
Subject: Re:= [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband
=

IPers:
 
Please do send us your ideas.
 
We need an grammer that can be used to definie "broadband",
a very ill defined term.
[and not the technical definition on an "broad analog channel :&= gt;) ]
 
The definition needs to recognize that the capabilities must evo= lve with time.
And pramatically the key focus of the defintional effort is "hig= h performance access to
the Internet", where the Internet is the IP based network of net= works.
 
Email on IP is welcome as are public filings in the FCC proceedi= ng 09-47.
 
Stagg Newman
Chief Technologist, FCC National Broadband Plan team
stagg.newman@fcc.gov=

--- On Tue, 9/1/09, David Farber <dave@farber.net> wrote:

From: David Farber <dave@farber.net>
Subject: [IP] Request= for input on the definition of Broadband
To: "ip" <ip@v2.listbox.com>
Date: Tues= day, September 1, 2009, 4:43 PM



Begin forwarded message:

From: Chuck Brownstein <charles.brownstein@verizon.net>
Date: September 1, 2009 1:56:05 PM EDT
To: dave@farber.net
Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the = definition of Broadband

Dave,

= Long ago in a land far a way, a band of techies looking to understand= where their world was going and figure out how to get there took a l= ook at similar issues.  (Ok, ok, some of them just wanted to sim= plify marketing thier boxes and bandwidth, but their musings might ye= t be amusing).

If you go to: <http:= //www.xiwt.org/documents/documents.html> and look at Class Profiles for the Current and Emerging NII; February 1997, you can see what sort= of notions were floated in antiquity. Adjust orders of magnitude to = translate to today's technologies, and watch out for network ant= i-nutrality potholes

Chuck



On Sep 1, 2009, David Farber <dave@= farber.net> wrote:
The other day I had a conversation with= a friend at the Federal
Communications Commission. He asked an i= nteresting question. When
people talk about broadband they tend t= o talk about numbers bits per
second except for.

Something= seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive
to th= e advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few
= years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issue= s
that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- lik= e
latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadba= nd --
-- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system sup= ports
broadband and when it does not.

I offer to the IP co= mmunity a chance to take a crack at this
interesting and potentia= lly profitable challenge.

Dave


----------------------------------= ---------
Archives: https://www.listbox.c= sedLink" href=3D"http://www.listbox.com/" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"no= follow">http://www.listbox.com

<= /tbody>
Archives

--Boundary_(ID_+rcdsUessQ2i6YGScOirwA)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Wed Sep 2 07:43:44 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWPDW@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWLDP@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00H016988N@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:58:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00FAU697F9@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:58:20 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3319B43E24 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:01:49 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30A2143E23 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:01:49 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1DD7A44794 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:01:48 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3B3B741D1F for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:16 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9DFE241D1E for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:14 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n828sre0013229 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:14 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:55:14 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_376LRrhMh7Xwu9NRgwchjQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=eYCFkWzDP9xPw9mDnh4vBOoQ6xw=; b=Kr8LC6t3n4AgIIYfIDNaw 1jWwIzusCoEbc6GgfNLpx4Bq/2skiYxunJtw0Ovm+E9z7kS54OLv+g4wryPZmGpb Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 554F6D78-979E-11DE-8313-FE45BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_376LRrhMh7Xwu9NRgwchjQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: From: Mary Shaw Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband Dave, Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, latency, availability, and so on. More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated in terms of specific values for those properties but rather will adapt with changing technology and expectations. I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory response time. That is, "currently popular" at the time the definition is invoked. As new applications emerge, they up the ante. For example, as people are induced to put their information into "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable from local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required as well as fast downloads. Any form of offsite storage suffices for this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a university server, so I really notice even brief service interruptions, and I need symmetrical service rather than the common fast down/slow up service because I need fast uploads for things like intermediate file saves. Mary On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber wrote: The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second except for. Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does not. I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interesting and potentially profitable challenge. Dave ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_376LRrhMh7Xwu9NRgwchjQ) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: Mary Shaw <mary.shaw@gmail.com>
Date: September 1, 2009= 6:01:00 PM EDT
Subject: Re: [IP] Req= uest for input on the definition of Broadband
Dave,

Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandw= idth, latency, availability, and so on.

More significantly, th= ough, a useful definition will not be stated in terms of specific val= ues for those properties but rather will adapt with changing technolo= gy and expectations.

I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that = a "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently = popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory respo= nse time.  That is, "currently popular" at the time the definiti= on is invoked.  As new applications emerge, they up the ante.&nb= sp;

For example, as people are induced to put their information into = "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable fro= m local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required as we= ll as fast downloads.  Any form of offsite storage suffices for = this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a university se= rver, so I really notice even brief service interruptions, and I need= symmetrical service rather than the common fast down/slow up service= because I need fast uploads for things like intermediate file saves.=

Mary

On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:= 07 AM, David Farber <dave@farber.net> wrote:
The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal Commu= nications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When people t= alk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second e= xcept for.

Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive = to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few= years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issu= es that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- like l= atency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -= - that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broad= band and when it does not.

I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interest= ing and potentially profitable challenge.

Dave


-------------------------------------------
w
>
ank">http://www.listbox.com


--Boundary_(ID_376LRrhMh7Xwu9NRgwchjQ)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Wed Sep 2 07:43:45 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWPDW@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00601DWLDP@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Wed, 02 Sep 2009 07:43:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00J0181IOC@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:37:00 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00J0D81HMC@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:36:53 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A72543A5D for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:40:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 387EE43A5C for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:40:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2311A45A7F for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:40:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A02CC3FDAB for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:34:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F74B3FDA9 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:34:28 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n829YRBe001028 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:34:27 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 05:34:27 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] It brings back "fond" memories -- ThinkGeek Slide Rule To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <83F5291A-3FF8-41DD-8A06-8321FBD89306@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_1VTcbi/K4f0VMOR76R9xlw)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:message-id:to:mime-version:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=XBqbg8rqbhoLmHfwUEUdGm4XqNA=; b=LxWYm4M5Gy5hNQYvn6KtaKDSgRDe 2wR6nJIqpqXdlCZLiNA5ndmNMNPaUsPnslNrMJ4FZrGwjFz/Mn5Bsu4jqQ== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: D01DA542-97A3-11DE-B43A-33A611F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_1VTcbi/K4f0VMOR76R9xlw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT http://www.thinkgeek.com/gadgets/tools/be12/?cpg=101T ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_1VTcbi/K4f0VMOR76R9xlw) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT

http://www.thinkgeek.com/gadgets/tools/be12/?cpg=101T

--Boundary_(ID_1VTcbi/K4f0VMOR76R9xlw)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:06 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00901EV10X@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:04:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC0067LEV1P3@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:04:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 36579458DD for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:07:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 35598458DB for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:07:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2DB2C46FF2 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:07:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85CC9406DD for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:06:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 55E6E406DC for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:06:16 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82C69lv015463 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:06:09 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 08:06:08 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] FCC REQUESTS ADDITIONAL NOMINATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVISORY COUNCIL To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <92F63AC5-E063-4A98-A6CB-753C7F303491@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=Algg3pEbUKg1botmf CdT51LTLPQ=; b=ibcCOqc76sDXwUl/k5g35+Id+up+/eDJw7vXoXqUkHpKRYm+h bh0MjfEMaTHtLQMfCsAPQ1wSxSqL8pKBFRJyw== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 04D8C1C6-97B9-11DE-A202-2EF011F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <39A74E56-6B5D-4314-B8A8-32DFA9AA4FD4@warpspeed.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 DA 09-1979 August 31, 2009 FCC REQUESTS ADDITIONAL NOMINATIONS BY September 30, 2009 FOR =20 MEMBERSHIP ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVISORY COUNCIL On April 8, 2009, the Commission issued a public notice soliciting = =20 nominations for the Technical Advisory Council (TAC) and nominations = =20 were received in response to this notice. Concurrent with the =20 establishment of the TAC, the Commission was charged by Congress to = =20 develop a plan that seeks to ensure that people of the United States = =20 have access to broadband capability. In support of this and related = =20 efforts, the Commission is now seeking additional nominations to the = =20 TAC to ensure that its membership best serves the needs of the =20 Commission. The Commission will accept nominations for the Council through =20 September 30, 2009. Nominations previously submitted remain in =20 consideration. The Commission, at its discretion, may consider =20 nominations received after this date, but consideration of late =20 submissions is not guaranteed. Individuals may apply for, or nominate= =20 another individual for, membership on the Council. Each nomination or= =20 application must include: a.=09the name and title of the applicant or nominee and a description= of =20 the interest the applicant or nominee will represent; b.=09the applicant's or nominee's mail address, e-mail address, =20 telephone number, and facsimile number (where available); c.=09reasons why the applicant or nominee should be appointed to the = =20 Council; and d.=09the basis for determining the applicant or nominee = has =20 achieved peer recognition as a technical expert. Further details on the TAC are provided in the April 8, 2009, public = =20 notice available at Nominations and applications should be sent to Walter Johnston, Chief= , =20 Electromagnetic Compatibility Division, Federal Communications =20 Commission, 445 12th Street, SW, Room 7- A224, Washington, DC 20554 o= r =20 e-mail Walter.Johnston@fcc.gov and please include =93TAC nomination= =94 in =20 the subject line -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:07 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00C01S0ZCD@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:48:41 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00B84S0Z68@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:48:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8502446AE6 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:52:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8173646AE3 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:52:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DBE046573 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:52:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96F4041F7E for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:49:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from qw-out-2122.google.com (qw-out-2122.google.com [74.125.92.25]) by b-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E83B41F7D for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:49:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: by qw-out-2122.google.com with SMTP id 5so377799qwi.27 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 09:49:54 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.224.8.75 with SMTP id g11mr5487692qag.211.1251910194363; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 09:49:54 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ?128.237.225.166? (CMU-356848.WV.CC.CMU.EDU [128.237.225.166]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 22sm47836qyk.10.2009.09.02.09.49.52 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Wed, 02 Sep 2009 09:49:53 -0700 (PDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 12:48:54 -0400 From: Dave Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <96A83681-5386-4F7E-80CD-63955E448F54@me.com> MIME-version: 1.0 (iPhone Mail 7A400) X-Mailer: iPhone Mail (7A400) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_7cwNqOjyAYhWvDXf9hgfXQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :subject:date:references:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=iltTw+xiPKo0QzgPd rmeSc2sVyw=; b=O7SyNJlctOIU+XpY05OStQ/YqcOzJB8ga/mp9VyG0UrzpSmE8 vsSHglRU+ezIUgRh0ouPg4jHQl4JdVEwwLNDQ== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:sender:message-id:from:to :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:x-mailer:mime-version :subject:date:references; bh=ZKHrRSl9ayWVx0uuH5rLD2A11R1KCJt/Xmm1txpztaA=; b=s90mruPOK4w+ZaN56cc1rTUFtA7+BvKo9q3Fq499jwdLNV9rMRxUDOfygOMVb5RoMr ERmRpzeTblHYUisc+Zur60zpAi1BlwsdruYJTWwUK9LZv5sSPOnCctMTDGI4weNrEdKm 86+prgWEKQYjaAs56/dhU/rEnfA2qrBV/N91w= X-Listbox-UUID: A56333AC-97E0-11DE-8A31-980328398B58 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4A9E935F.8050204@reed.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=sender:message-id:from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding :x-mailer:mime-version:subject:date:references; b=LFJ1Ec/mVF+oNnRoDL0nauhZhAllI6/XiveuO6Wx7spNANa1j+z9+dCR31lGiUlOBr 2pB0o0rQegS+EMbBzHmRGcU2g7MhzySpweY/aVGPDDlh3FmYrBW2JxQ8jfSvh+GUCdez zIfkpMx3FKEvyzOTHrGncQy22orjtmAZA+qmw= --Boundary_(ID_7cwNqOjyAYhWvDXf9hgfXQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: > From: "David P. Reed" > Date: September 2, 2009 11:46:39 EDT > To: dave@farber.net > Cc: ip , Stagg Newman , Rob > Curtis , Tom Brown > Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of > Broadband > > Here is a concise, precise, and I believe complete, definition that > can serve as a good starting point. Readers may note that it is a > definition that has served the Internet well. It is 3 sentences long. > > Broadband is a low-latency and high-datarate access service that > provides ability to send and receive IP datagrams to hosts on the > worldwide public Internet, as defined by the full address space > defined by the IP versions currently used. The broadband transport > may use only the information placed into the IP header/envelope to > manage delivery, does not use, record, or retain content information > for any purpose other than law enforcement purposes. The public > internet is defined as the reachable set of hosts on all autonomous > systems that have agreed to exchange Internet traffic with one or > more peer autonomous systems in the public Internet. > > Comments: this preserves technological evolvability, since it says > nothing about the technology underlying the transport, nor does it > say anything about the applications served. > > > On 09/02/2009 04:55 AM, David Farber wrote: >> >> >> >> Begin forwarded message: >> >> From: Mary Shaw >> Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT >> To: dave@farber.net >> Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband >> >> Dave, >> >> Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, >> latency, availability, and so on. >> >> More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated >> in terms of specific values for those properties but rather will >> adapt with changing technology and expectations. >> >> I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a >> "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently >> popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory >> response time. That is, "currently popular" at the time the >> definition is invoked. As new applications emerge, they up the ante. >> >> For example, as people are induced to put their information into >> "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable >> from local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required >> as well as fast downloads. Any form of offsite storage suffices >> for this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a >> university server, so I really notice even brief service >> interruptions, and I need symmetrical service rather than the >> common fast down/slow up service because I need fast uploads for >> things like intermediate file saves. >> >> Mary >> >> On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber >> wrote: >> The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal >> Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When >> people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits >> per second except for. >> >> Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very >> sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be >> obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it >> ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many >> applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a >> "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing >> when a system supports broadband and when it does not. >> >> I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this >> interesting and potentially profitable challenge. >> >> Dave >> >> >> ------------------------------------------- >> >> >> Archives > ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_7cwNqOjyAYhWvDXf9hgfXQ) Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT




Begin forwarded message:

From: "David P. Reed" <dpreed@reed.com>
Date: September 2, 2009 11:46:39 EDT
To: dave@farber.net
Cc: ip <ip@v2.listbox.com>, Stagg Newman <lsnewmanjr@yahoo.com>, Rob Curtis <robert.curtis@fcc.gov>, Tom Brown <thomas.brown@fcc.gov>
Subject: Re: [IP] Re:  Request for input on the definition of Broadband

Here is a concise, precise,  and I believe complete, definition that can serve as a good starting point. Readers may note that it is a definition that has served the Internet well.  It is 3 sentences long.

Broadband is a low-latency and high-datarate access service that provides ability to send and receive IP datagrams to hosts on the worldwide public Internet, as defined by the full address space defined by the IP versions currently  used.  The broadband transport may use only the information placed into the IP header/envelope to manage delivery, does not use, record, or retain content information for any purpose other than law enforcement purposes.
The public internet is defined as the reachable set of hosts on all autonomous systems that have agreed to exchange Internet traffic with one or more peer autonomous systems in the public Internet.

Comments:  this preserves technological evolvability, since it says nothing about the technology underlying the transport, nor does it say anything about the applications served. 


On 09/02/2009 04:55 AM, David Farber wrote:


Begin forwarded message:

From: Mary Shaw <mary.shaw@gmail.com>
Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT
Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband

Dave,

Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, latency, availability, and so on.

More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated in terms of specific values for those properties but rather will adapt with changing technology and expectations.

I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory response time.  That is, "currently popular" at the time the definition is invoked.  As new applications emerge, they up the ante. 

For example, as people are induced to put their information into "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable from local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required as well as fast downloads.  Any form of offsite storage suffices for this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a university server, so I really notice even brief service interruptions, and I need symmetrical service rather than the common fast down/slow up service because I need fast uploads for things like intermediate file saves.

Mary

On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber <dave@farber.net> wrote:
The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second except for.

Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does not.

I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interesting and potentially profitable challenge.

Dave


-------------------------------------------


--Boundary_(ID_7cwNqOjyAYhWvDXf9hgfXQ)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:08 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00J01VH76X@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:03:07 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00HCUVH7NT@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:03:07 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3AE1244FF5 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:06:38 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3824B44FF4 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:06:38 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 13393455AC for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:06:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C095840AE1 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 13:59:48 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 90B1940ADF for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 13:59:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from FARBERMAC.ISRI.CMU.EDU (FARBERMAC.ISRI.CMU.EDU [128.2.220.234]) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82HxkqN021393 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 13:59:46 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 13:59:43 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <490C6D15-E472-4DCF-A9F5-D3E9811DFD64@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v936) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.936) Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :subject:date:references:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=e3kZ9oH+FWmlUjzxa ZDmgYgiFJI=; b=LpzU6XzrAYOWHVK2KtZS/QwB77FDG8GuDmI8SgPpdpZiBR2lU h1VA6PPoSxYCef+yOScvsoWquPHdQMn45K04Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 67B8EE2A-97EA-11DE-AE68-A8B711F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Bruce R Koball Date: September 2, 2009 1:22:32 PM EDT To: Dave Farber Cc: ip Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband Dave, On the premise that there are no stupid questions, I'd like to ask the IP collective whether services that are not directly mediated by the internet, like digital cable TV, considered part of "broadband"...? -brk- On Wed, 2 Sep 2009, Dave Farber wrote: > > Begin forwarded message: > >> From: "David P. Reed" >> Date: September 2, 2009 11:46:39 EDT >> To: dave@farber.net >> Cc: ip , Stagg Newman , >> Rob Curtis , Tom Brown >> Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of >> Broadband > >> Here is a concise, precise, and I believe complete, definition >> that can serve as a good starting point. Readers may note that it >> is a definition that has served the Internet well. It is 3 >> sentences long. >> Broadband is a low-latency and high-datarate access service that >> provides ability to send and receive IP datagrams to hosts on the >> worldwide public Internet, as defined by the full address space >> defined by the IP versions currently used. The broadband >> transport may use only the information placed into the IP header/ >> envelope to manage delivery, does not use, record, or retain >> content information for any purpose other than law enforcement >> purposes. The public internet is defined as the reachable set of >> hosts on all autonomous systems that have agreed to exchange >> Internet traffic with one or more peer autonomous systems in the >> public Internet. >> Comments: this preserves technological evolvability, since it says >> nothing about the technology underlying the transport, nor does it >> say anything about the applications served. >> On 09/02/2009 04:55 AM, David Farber wrote: >>> Begin forwarded message: >>> From: Mary Shaw >>> Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT >>> To: dave@farber.net >>> Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband >>> Dave, >>> Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, >>> latency, availability, and so on. >>> More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated >>> in terms of specific values for those properties but rather will >>> adapt with changing technology and expectations. >>> I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a >>> "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently >>> popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory >>> response time. That is, "currently popular" at the time the >>> definition is invoked. As new applications emerge, they up the >>> ante. >>> For example, as people are induced to put their information into >>> "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable >>> from local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required >>> as well as fast downloads. Any form of offsite storage suffices >>> for this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a >>> university server, so I really notice even brief service >>> interruptions, and I need symmetrical service rather than the >>> common fast down/slow up service because I need fast uploads for >>> things like intermediate file saves. >>> Mary >>> On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber >>> wrote: >>> The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal >>> Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When >>> people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits >>> per second except for. >>> Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very >>> sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be >>> obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important >>> it ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many >>> applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a >>> "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of >>> characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does >>> not. >>> I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this >>> interesting and potentially profitable challenge. >>> Dave >>> ------------------------------------------- >>> Archives > > > > ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:09 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00K01WD8YU@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:22:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00K96WD7DG@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:22:19 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A6726439C9 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:25:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4227439C7 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:25:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E9AF43FC3 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:25:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0F19540C2B for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:19:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E67FC40C2A for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:19:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from FARBERMAC.ISRI.CMU.EDU (FARBERMAC.ISRI.CMU.EDU [128.2.220.234]) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82IJ0B0009361 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:19:00 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:18:59 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Not every cloud has a silver lining: To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <869B17B7-8AB3-4707-AE4F-8CC865F50093@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v936) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.936) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_PdMMFank4vhoCH+D3GnGxQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:mime-version:subject:date:references :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=f68vjNUiTJEl8d1uWOkNDES4FsM=; b=F5bJnznkShZZ19QyOsHsx S1jGaqDGxJJgZo7QCkt2fKQxoUmgXbszQQg1RGfrBYHQO7FgSM9aY6j/UkprMlyP A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 18561D82-97ED-11DE-B72A-50FB11F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <22E076E1-C546-4918-A6C8-181B4A17AAB2@eff.org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_PdMMFank4vhoCH+D3GnGxQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Not every cloud has a silver lining: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/sep/02/cory-doctorow-cloud-computing - -- ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_PdMMFank4vhoCH+D3GnGxQ) Content-type: text/html; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
--Boundary_(ID_PdMMFank4vhoCH+D3GnGxQ)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:10 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPC00L01WFG2B@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:23:41 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPC00J97WFGKM@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:23:40 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A38094363F for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F9C24363D for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 83745456FF for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0538142C9E for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:20:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C048B42C9D for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:20:12 -0400 (EDT) Received: from FARBERMAC.ISRI.CMU.EDU (FARBERMAC.ISRI.CMU.EDU [128.2.220.234]) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82IKCCw009392 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:20:12 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 14:20:11 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] EOP solicitation, "Web Archive" To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <496B8849-31D2-4847-B475-ABAA3CC9049C@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v936) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.936) Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :subject:date:references:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=ewWuNlhIuEQGkiPAF UkHEBqupxM=; b=YVFiyp7AD3nyQGegS/NhGfPE1FdRUt6VqvhEQXGCEnlfNiaNm D3RDRJn9ul1U5eeW5PKRKBybWU69Y8fNKu5ZQ== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 43CC6872-97ED-11DE-B474-6645BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <6.2.0.14.2.20090902095519.05208da0@embassy.org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Ross Stapleton-Gray Date: September 2, 2009 1:05:18 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net, Brewster Kahle Subject: EOP solicitation, "Web Archive" This solicitation came to my attention for someone's posting about it on FaceBook, forwarding a right-wing blog's talking it up as the White House wanting to vacuum all social media sites to collect information on detractors, a la Nixon's enemies list. So I figured I ought to post about it here, first, to beat the paranoid crowd to the podium: https://www.fbo.gov/spg/EOP/OP/WashingtonDC/WHO-S-09-0003/listing.html "The contractor shall provide the necessary services to capture, store, extract to approved formats, and transfer content published by EOP on publicly-accessible web sites, along with information posted by non-EOP persons on publicly-accessible web sites where the EOP offices under PRA maintains a presence, throughout the term of the contract. The contractor shall if possible, capture, store, extract to approved formats, and transfer content published by EOP on non-public websites. The contractor shall include in the information posted by non-EOP persons on publicly-accessible web sites where the EOP maintains a presence both comments posted on pages created by EOP and messages sent to EOP accounts on those web sites. Publicly-accessible sites may include, but are not limited to social networking sites. The contractor shall provide a user-friendly way of organizing and searching captured information. The contractor shall properly transfer the captured information, as identified by EOP, to NARA in an acceptable format for both preservation in NARA's Electronic Records Archive and presentation at the future Presidential Library. The Contractor shall provide a method to separate content posted by other EOP component offices as required." In a nutshell, the solicitation says, "The White House posts stuff online: we need someone to collect that for archival purposes [for the National Archives] along with all public comments that refer to those White House postings." This is exactly what I'd have recommended, re being responsive to the public discussion, in the information age. The scope is only what the White House itself posts, and what the public then, as public postings, says in comment to that. Bravo! (And recalling that the previous administration somehow managed to lose millions of e-mail records that ought to have similarly been delivered to NARA.) Ross ---- Ross Stapleton-Gray, Ph.D. Stapleton-Gray & Associates, Inc. http://www.stapleton-gray.com -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:11 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPD00L01APYHO@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:32:22 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPD00KBSAPY9T@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:32:22 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C6A3246542 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:35:53 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C586646541 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:35:53 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C2F7046752 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:35:53 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B59A427E1 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:34:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 12EBF427E0 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:34:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82NX73F018740 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:34:35 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:34:35 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Defining Broadband as General Purpose Platform To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=vcF6048hL+HiovuQE 3vEQ/cpt/s=; b=V5I0cETDZQSwrEHAR6IhhRbeUFnWfl760rvDDIOOKv74SjkZn fPU577y33oE9pLhQ/e5fb5GyJbTj/1JBfghqg== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 2D6A8BD2-9819-11DE-AC97-7D56BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4A9EC99B.88D3C5B1@RealMeasures.dyndns.org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Seth Johnson Date: September 2, 2009 3:38:03 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Defining Broadband as General Purpose Platform Reply-To: seth.johnson@RealMeasures.dyndns.org (Hi David -- You can put this out on IP if you wish. -- Seth) Comments - NBP Public Notice #1 GN Docket Nos. 09 47, 09 51, and 09 137 Regarding the Definition of "Broadband" By Seth Johnson The National Broadband Plan must define "broadband" according to a proper and full concept of what capabilities constitute "advanced telecommunications service." Broadband in this conception is constituted of two things: 1. a general purpose platform (in this document generally associated with the term "Internet" and its consensus protocols) which is optimized for maximum flexibility and application innovation, and 2. certain other functions that may optimize particular applications but that may compromise the flexibility of the general purpose platform. See RFC 4924, "Reflections on Internet Transparency" (http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt): A network that does not filter or transform the data that it carries may be said to be "transparent" or "oblivious" to the content of packets. Networks that provide oblivious transport enable the deployment of new services without requiring changes to the core. It is this flexibility that is perhaps both the Internet's most essential characteristic as well as one of the most important contributors to its success. "Architectural Principles of the Internet" [RFC1958], Section 2 describes the core tenets of the Internet architecture: However, in very general terms, the community believes that the goal is connectivity, the tool is the Internet Protocol, and the intelligence is end to end rather than hidden in the network. The current exponential growth of the network seems to show that connectivity is its own reward, and is more valuable than any individual application such as mail or the World-Wide Web. This connectivity requires technical cooperation between service providers, and flourishes in the increasingly liberal and competitive commercial telecommunications environment. "The Rise of the Middle and the Future of End-to-End: Reflections on the Evolution of the Internet Architecture" [RFC3724], Section 4.1.1 describes some of the desirable consequences of this approach: One desirable consequence of the end-to-end principle is protection of innovation. Requiring modification in the network in order to deploy new services is still typically more difficult than modifying end nodes. The counterargument - that many end nodes are now essentially closed boxes which are not updatable and that most users don't want to update them anyway - does not apply to all nodes and all users. Many end nodes are still user configurable and a sizable percentage of users are "early adopters," who are willing to put up with a certain amount of technological grief in order to try out a new idea. And, even for the closed boxes and uninvolved users, downloadable code that abides by the end-to-end principle can provide fast service innovation. Requiring someone with a new idea for a service to convince a bunch of ISPs or corporate network administrators to modify their networks is much more difficult than simply putting up a Web page with some downloadable software implementing the service. RFC 4924 proceeds to list developments that may affect the advantages of the Internet's general purpose design based on the end-to-end principle and the transmitting of packets without regard for the application they are supporting, including: * Application Restrictions * Quality of Service (QoS) * Application Layer Gateways (ALGs) * IPv6 Address Restrictions * DNS Issues * Load Balancing and Redirection * Security considerations The principle of transmitting Internet datagrams without regard for the applications they support also provides for "network neutrality" as an emergent phenomenon. In addition, RFC 4084, "Terminology for Describing Internet Connectivity" (http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4084.txt) provides a useful description of what constitutes "full Internet connectivity," considering this question with regard to its design for flexibility, including stipulations about functions that should be disclosed to the purchaser if they are deployed. RFCs 1958, 2775, and 3724 more fully describe these issues that arise as various functions are proposed that may affect the Internet's design for greatest flexibility. The Dynamic Platform Standards Project's legislative proposal for an "Internet Platform for Innovation Act" (http://www.dpsproject.com/legislation.html) recognizes the advantages of the design of the Internet Protocol. The DPS proposal provides a technical characterization of the general purpose platform provided by the Internet Protocol, including its provision of uniform treatment of packet flow. Recognizing and treating this general purpose platform as a distinct category allows the particular advantages for which it was designed to be acknowledged and provided for within the regulatory scheme while other telecommunications functions may be offered by network providers under the general term of "broadband" (and may eventually become part of consensus standards). This document only seeks to present some initial comments regarding the relevance of the general purpose platform to the questions raised in this request for public input. Here we refer chiefly to the design of the Internet according to consensus standards. However, it is worth noting that a general purpose platform can also be afforded by means of the principle of common carriage. Indeed, some might hold that the general scheme of digitizing communications into packets delivered on a best efforts basis regardless of application, in accordance with the Internet Protocol, is a natural outcome and a self-evidently necessary means for providing for interoperability and flexibility among the autonomous routers that were originally administered by thousands of competing Internet Service Providers on the basis of a common carriage principle. The general purpose platform must be a key component of the plan for using broadband infrastructure and services in advancing the full range of national purposes enumerated in section 6001 (k) (1) of the ARRA, and must be recognized as a key consideration in what constitutes "broadband capability." The status of deployment of "broadband" in your reporting should present the deployment of a general purpose platform as a distinct category from other types of advanced telecommunications service which may also be deployed, using the consensus definitions given in relevant RFCs as an analytical aid. A flexible, general purpose platform also contributes to the strategy for maximizing utilization since a platform that optimizes flexibility to make possible a proliferation of innovative applications incentivizes participation in connectivity. The general purpose platform should also be borne in mind in relation to the strategy for affordability, which should be developed with consideration of the issues of recourse and enforcement that arise in the context of public expeditures when contractual expectations related to such a platform are not met. A clear distinction should be maintained in your reporting and pursuit of national goals, between this general purpose, neutral platform and optimized telecommunications services that may diverge from the principles that provide for optimum flexibility and neutral transport. As part of the dynamic process of adapting benchmarks over time, the FCC should consult with experts and the public on 1. what constitutes the general purpose platform, 2. what innovations are recognized as not interfering with general purpose, 3. which may interfere with general purpose but are of value to some purchasers, and 4. in this last category, which functions should become a basis for a category of "consumer connectivity" rather than general purpose Internet connectivity. In addition, the FCC should consult with experts and the public on which functions or features should require explicit notice and consent given privacy considerations (as well as what form of consent is adequate for that purpose). Some additional important considerations the FCC should be mindful of are the implications of packet inspection, packet discrimination, data collection and end-user privacy, as well as the question of whether advertised services perform as specified, perhaps taking input from other appropriate agencies. Recourse and enforcement related to these concerns may be appropriate considerations. General comments on Benchmarks: Benchmarks should exhibit and track the rapid evolution both of the general purpose platform of the Internet and of broadband as a general term that may include other types of offerings. The widespread adoption of new Internet-based applications will affect what "advanced" means to purchasers of broadband, but this should not be construed as indicating that special optimization features that some providers may offer must equate with advanced telecommunications without consideration of their impact on the general purpose platform. "Dependability" and "experiential" metrics must be considered carefully in relationship to the advantages of a maximally flexible general purpose communications platform, as some functions that may improve these aspects for particular purposes may impair the general purpose character of the platform. In considering "the availability of advanced telecommunications capability to all Americans", broadband infrastructure data may be more objective than subscriber data, but data should be collected regarding general purpose connectivity as a distinct category, and the analysis should present availability in those terms in addition to the ease with which high speed can be deployed. Similar considerations apply in the analysis of utilization. "Broadband" and "advanced telecommunications capability" may be defined by statute as independent of "any transmission media or technology," but this does not mean that an analysis of advanced telecommunications capability should exclude describing the characteristic of a general purpose platform as a key category. Thank you. Seth Johnson (From http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/prod/ecfs/retrieve.cgi?native_or_pdf=pdf&id_document=7020037177 ) -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:12 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPD00L01ATWNN@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:34:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPD00J9NATVUX@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:34:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B2D846E64 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:38:15 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 563E746E62 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:38:15 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EC82466CD for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:38:15 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38D17406EF for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:36:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC255406EE for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:36:08 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82Na5VO018775 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:36:06 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:36:05 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_NKBnkS9z/zaXhb3D8Lsvxw)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=mv28SRUHjAl1fnq5AVNcWntSe5Y=; b=jfnpcUKlLrSkqk4Qvxcs0 6PrfHZX7dO2sq199tBtsEDFcyAJlCNt/3RKoywi6KI/Ng0IMjmT6TfMwppIeT1Rp A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 64C75D76-9819-11DE-93DF-73E311F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_NKBnkS9z/zaXhb3D8Lsvxw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Begin forwarded message: =46rom: "Stan Hanks" Date: September 2, 2009 4:21:39 PM EDT To: Subject: RE: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadban= d Years and years ago, I had some minor skin condition that I showed to= =20 my regular doctor. He took a look and said =93I=92m going to send you= down =20 the hall to Dermatology=94. I queried as to why, since he was the medical director of this very = =20 large practice in the heart of the Texas Medical Center, and I liked = =20 to give him grief any time he showed any shortcomings. He paused and said =93It=92s an =93Aunt Minnie=94 thing.=94 Couldn=92t let that stand unchallenged, so I pressed him. He elaborated, =93You know, you walk down the street and you see an = =20 older lady standing at a bus stop and you say =91Oh, that=92s Aunt = =20 Minnie=92, Anyone with whom you might be traveling could ask you, not= =20 unreasonably, =91So, how do you know it=92s her?=92 You can=92t reall= y explain =20 it elegantly =96 you grew up with her around all the time, you=92ve k= nown =20 her forever, you just know it=92s her. If really pressed, you could = =20 describe her in extreme detail =96 how tall she is, color of her hair= , =20 glasses, how she usually dresses, the mole on her nose, that sort of = =20 thing =96 but you=92d wind up with a description that could lead some= one =20 that doesn=92t know Aunt Minnie to mistakenly identify any number of = =20 older ladies as Aunt Minnie. I=92d rather send you to someone that ca= n =20 look at this and go =91Oh, it=92s X=92 rather than wade through a pil= e of =20 differential diagnosis and still have a decent chance of getting it = =20 wrong.=94 For me, =93good broadband=94 is an Aunt Minnie thing. I know it when I use it, and I know when I=92m not using it, but even= as =20 a skilled professional in the space, I am hard pressed to devise an = =20 adequately robust definition which will both survive the test of time= =20 and press of progress, AND not let someone fob off a vastly inferior = =20 product and claim it=92s good broadband because it meets the =20 definitional criteria. Stan =46rom: Dave Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net] Sent: Wednesday, September 02, 2009 9:49 AM To: ip Subject: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband Begin forwarded message: > From: "David P. Reed" > Date: September 2, 2009 11:46:39 EDT > To: dave@farber.net > Cc: ip , Stagg Newman , Ro= b =20 > Curtis , Tom Brown > Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of =20 > Broadband > > Here is a concise, precise, and I believe complete, definition tha= t =20 > can serve as a good starting point. Readers may note that it is a = =20 > definition that has served the Internet well. It is 3 sentences lo= ng. > > Broadband is a low-latency and high-datarate access service that = =20 > provides ability to send and receive IP datagrams to hosts on the = =20 > worldwide public Internet, as defined by the full address space = =20 > defined by the IP versions currently used. The broadband transpor= t =20 > may use only the information placed into the IP header/envelope to = =20 > manage delivery, does not use, record, or retain content informatio= n =20 > for any purpose other than law enforcement purposes. The public = =20 > internet is defined as the reachable set of hosts on all autonomous= =20 > systems that have agreed to exchange Internet traffic with one or = =20 > more peer autonomous systems in the public Internet. > > Comments: this preserves technological evolvability, since it says= =20 > nothing about the technology underlying the transport, nor does it = =20 > say anything about the applications served. > > > On 09/02/2009 04:55 AM, David Farber wrote: > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Mary Shaw > Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT > To: dave@farber.net > Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband > > Dave, > > Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, =20 > latency, availability, and so on. > > More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated = =20 > in terms of specific values for those properties but rather will = =20 > adapt with changing technology and expectations. > > I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a = =20 > "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently = =20 > popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory = =20 > response time. That is, "currently popular" at the time the =20 > definition is invoked. As new applications emerge, they up the ant= e. > > For example, as people are induced to put their information into = =20 > "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable = =20 > from local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required = =20 > as well as fast downloads. Any form of offsite storage suffices fo= r =20 > this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a university = =20 > server, so I really notice even brief service interruptions, and I = =20 > need symmetrical service rather than the common fast down/slow up = =20 > service because I need fast uploads for things like intermediate = =20 > file saves. > > Mary > > On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber wro= te: > The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal = =20 > Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When = =20 > people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits pe= r =20 > second except for. > > Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitiv= e =20 > to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a = =20 > few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other= =20 > issues that would make any speed usable in many applications -- -- = =20 > like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a "syntax" for =20 > broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a syste= m =20 > supports broadband and when it does not. > > I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this =20 > interesting and potentially profitable challenge. > > Dave > > > ------------------------------------------- > > > Archives > Archives ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_NKBnkS9z/zaXhb3D8Lsvxw) Content-type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: "Stan Hanks" <stan@colventures.com>
=
Date: September 2,= 2009 4:21:39 PM EDT
Subject: <= b>RE: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband=

Years and years ago, I had some = minor skin condition that I showed to my regular doctor. He took a look and said= =93I=92m going to send you down the hall to Dermatology=94.<= /font>

 <= /p>

I queried as to why, since he wa= s the medical director of this very large practice in the heart of the Texas <= st1:placename w:st=3D"on">Medical Center, and I= liked to give him grief any time he showed any shortcomings.=

 <= /p>

He paused and said =93It=92s an = =93Aunt Minnie=94 thing.=94

 <= /p>

Couldn=92t let that stand unchal= lenged, so I pressed him.

 <= /p>

He elaborated, =93You know, you = walk down the street and you see an older lady standing at a bus stop and you s= ay =91Oh, that=92s Aunt Minnie=92, Anyone with whom you might be traveling coul= d ask you, not unreasonably, =91So, how do you know it=92s her?=92 You can=92t reall= y explain it elegantly =96 you grew up with her around all the time, you=92ve know= n her forever, you just know it=92s her. If really pressed, you could describe her i= n extreme detail =96 how tall she is, color of her hair, glasses, how she usual= ly dresses, the mole on her nose, that sort of thing =96 but you=92d wind up with= a description that could lead someone that doesn=92t know Aunt Minnie to mistakenly= identify any number of older ladies as Aunt Minnie. I=92d rather send you to s= omeone that can look at this and go =91Oh, it=92s X=92 rather than wade through a= pile of differential diagnosis and still have a decent chance of getting it w= rong.=94

 <= /p>

For me, =93good broadband=94 is = an Aunt Minnie thing.

 <= /p>

I know it when I use it, and I k= now when I=92m not using it, but even as a skilled professional in the space, I am h= ard pressed to devise an adequately robust definition which will both sur= vive the test of time and press of progress, AND not let someone fob off a vas= tly inferior product and claim it=92s good broadband because it meets the definitional criteria.

 <= /p>

Stan

 <= /p>

 <= /p>


From: Dave Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net]
Sent: Wednesday, Septe= mber 02, 2009 9:49 AM
To: ip
Subject: [IP] Re: Requ= est for input on the definition of Broadband

 




Begin forwarded message:

From: "David P. Reed" <dpreed@reed.co= m>
Date: September 2, 200= 9 11:46:39 EDT
To: dave@farber.n= et
Cc: ip <ip@v2.listbox.com>, Stagg Newman= <lsnewmanjr@yahoo.com= >, Rob Curtis <robert.curtis@fcc.gov>, Tom Brown <thomas.brown@fcc.go= v>
Subject: Re: [IP] Re:  Request for input on the de= finition of Broadband

Here is a concise, precise,  and I believ= e complete, definition that can serve as a good starting point. Readers= may note that it is a definition that has served the Internet well.  It i= s 3 sentences long.

Broadband is a low-latency and high-datarate access service that prov= ides ability to send and receive IP datagrams to hosts on the worldwide pu= blic Internet, as defined by the full address space defined by the IP vers= ions currently  used.  The broadband transport may use only the information placed into the IP header/envelope to manage delivery, do= es not use, record, or retain content information for any purpose other than= law enforcement purposes.
The public internet is defined as= the reachable set of hosts on all autonomous systems that have agreed to = exchange Internet traffic with one or more peer autonomous systems in the publ= ic Internet.

Comments:  this preserves technological evolvability, since it s= ays nothing about the technology underlying the transport, nor does it sa= y anything about the applications served. 


On 09/02/2009 04:55 AM, David Farber wrote:

 

 

Begin forwarded message:

 

From: Mary Shaw <mary.shaw@gmail.com>

Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT=

Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on= the definition of Broadband

Dave,

Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, latency, availability, and so on.

More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated in= terms of specific values for those properties but rather will adapt with chang= ing technology and expectations.

I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory respo= nse time.  That is, "currently popular" at the time the definition is invoked.  As new applications emerge, they up the ante. 
For example, as people are induced to put their information into "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable from loc= al storage, which means that fast uploads will be required as well as fa= st downloads.  Any form of offsite storage suffices for this point = -- I keep the master copies of my files on a university server, so I really not= ice even brief service interruptions, and I need symmetrical service rather th= an the common fast down/slow up service because I need fast uploads for thin= gs like intermediate file saves.

Mary

On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber <dave@farber.net> wrote:

The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Feder= al Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When peo= ple talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits per second excep= t for.

Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very sensitive = to the advancement of technology any number will be obsolete in a few years.= Second of all, and maybe most important it ignores other issues that would make= any speed usable in many applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if= there was a "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing when a system supports broadband and when it does not.

I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this interest= ing and potentially profitable challenge.

Dave


-------------------------------------------
w" target=3D"_blank" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">
target=3D"_blank" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">

ank" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">
http://www.listbox.com

 

 

Archives

 


--Boundary_(ID_NKBnkS9z/zaXhb3D8Lsvxw)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:14 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPD00L01AVWW1@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:35:56 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPD00JAMAVWUX@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:35:56 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 17EBC44C92 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:39:28 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 16E3844C8F for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:39:28 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0582443E1 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:39:27 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85FF3406DD for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D781406DC for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:09 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82NX73D018740 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:07 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:06 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <37CFA914-5BD7-4DB3-86BE-2D38C6451EC0@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=8SOSEblF9YneCVFKx Hdm4gRNgYA=; b=lY8uCMt+yPH6w7w+sWVYnQUskcMKDMYKhENx2rVH2+nbivgKs 8q6e0wCmetaZSNkGbyjVJ+lzuR0WRDKuA8Uyg== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: F9B70F90-9818-11DE-A39A-19B611F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4A9EE0F6.7000605@cequs.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Peter Bachman Date: September 2, 2009 5:17:42 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband Dear Dave, Having just listened to the FCC panel on proposed measurement and metrics of broadband, I could not help but thinking of Edward Whitehouse, and the dogged perseverance of the telegraph projectors to create global communications infrastructure after the first cable failure. Far more extravagant claims of social benefits were heard around the U.S. as to what would happen with high speed global communications and society as a result in the 1850s. Hubbell and Sherburne convinced only one senator that volcanic activity had created a shell paved path across the Atlantic, and did not get funded for their cable. (The Icelanders had already figured out the connection with the first legal distance measurement for round trips, the ping, or Pingvellir for their legislature at the site of meeting of the two tectonic plate in 930). Edward Whitehouse, electrician-projector Atlantic Cable, 1858 http://atlantic-cable.com/Books/Whitehouse/BJH/index.htm -pb peterb@cequs.com David Farber wrote: > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Bruce R Koball > Date: September 2, 2009 1:22:32 PM EDT > To: Dave Farber > Cc: ip > Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of Broadband > > Dave, > > On the premise that there are no stupid questions, I'd like to ask the > IP collective whether services that are not directly mediated by the > internet, like digital cable TV, considered part of "broadband"...? > > -brk- > > On Wed, 2 Sep 2009, Dave Farber wrote: > >> >> Begin forwarded message: >> >>> From: "David P. Reed" >>> Date: September 2, 2009 11:46:39 EDT >>> To: dave@farber.net >>> Cc: ip , Stagg Newman , Rob >>> Curtis , Tom Brown >>> Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Request for input on the definition of >>> Broadband >> >>> Here is a concise, precise, and I believe complete, definition that >>> can serve as a good starting point. Readers may note that it is a >>> definition that has served the Internet well. It is 3 sentences >>> long. >>> Broadband is a low-latency and high-datarate access service that >>> provides ability to send and receive IP datagrams to hosts on the >>> worldwide public Internet, as defined by the full address space >>> defined by the IP versions currently used. The broadband transport >>> may use only the information placed into the IP header/envelope to >>> manage delivery, does not use, record, or retain content information >>> for any purpose other than law enforcement purposes. The public >>> internet is defined as the reachable set of hosts on all autonomous >>> systems that have agreed to exchange Internet traffic with one or >>> more peer autonomous systems in the public Internet. >>> Comments: this preserves technological evolvability, since it says >>> nothing about the technology underlying the transport, nor does it >>> say anything about the applications served. >>> On 09/02/2009 04:55 AM, David Farber wrote: >>>> Begin forwarded message: >>>> From: Mary Shaw >>>> Date: September 1, 2009 6:01:00 PM EDT >>>> To: dave@farber.net >>>> Subject: Re: [IP] Request for input on the definition of Broadband >>>> Dave, >>>> Yes, surely "broadband" should be parsed out into bandwidth, >>>> latency, availability, and so on. >>>> More significantly, though, a useful definition will not be stated >>>> in terms of specific values for those properties but rather will >>>> adapt with changing technology and expectations. >>>> I would suggest this intuition for an adaptable definition: that a >>>> "broadband" connection supports the vast majority of the currently >>>> popular information resources on the internet with satisfactory >>>> response time. That is, "currently popular" at the time the >>>> definition is invoked. As new applications emerge, they up the >>>> ante. >>>> For example, as people are induced to put their information into >>>> "the cloud", broadband service should make that indistinguishable >>>> from local storage, which means that fast uploads will be required >>>> as well as fast downloads. Any form of offsite storage suffices for >>>> this point -- I keep the master copies of my files on a university >>>> server, so I really notice even brief service interruptions, and I >>>> need symmetrical service rather than the common fast down/slow up >>>> service because I need fast uploads for things like intermediate >>>> file saves. >>>> Mary >>>> On Tue, Sep 1, 2009 at 11:07 AM, David Farber >>>> wrote: >>>> The other day I had a conversation with a friend at the Federal >>>> Communications Commission. He asked an interesting question. When >>>> people talk about broadband they tend to talk about numbers bits >>>> per second except for. >>>> Something seems wrong with this approach. First it is very >>>> sensitive to the advancement of technology any number will be >>>> obsolete in a few years. Second of all, and maybe most important it >>>> ignores other issues that would make any speed usable in many >>>> applications -- -- like latency chair etc. He asked if there was a >>>> "syntax" for broadband -- -- that is a deeper way of characterizing >>>> when a system supports broadband and when it does not. >>>> I offer to the IP community a chance to take a crack at this >>>> interesting and potentially profitable challenge. >>>> Dave >>>> ------------------------------------------- >>>> Archives >> >> >> >> ------------------------------------------- > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > > -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:15 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPD00L01AWPWI@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:36:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPD00JAWAWPUX@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:36:25 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2707A44F2E for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:39:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23FE944F2C for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:39:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09F4E457C2 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:39:56 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9095B406E2 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:49 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C15F406E1 for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:48 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n82NX73E018740 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:48 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 19:33:48 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Putting All of Our E-mail Eggs in One Basket: Gmail Down Once again To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <6EE58DF6-B223-4D26-B5E5-6044F8096A53@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_e3FDCa9v3aKs+Rs32JA4KQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=khjx2DJHNLOhP6zgCnVnJwRRLX8=; b=hZYDJN72rbnAHCMgTecBB wDJa+ta7IPIuLX/zLT7EGQeOej6BSelxgBndrY9FVBKl09PLBYqZoz1TpmVRBSWO Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 10FAC41C-9819-11DE-9822-5CBE11F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_e3FDCa9v3aKs+Rs32JA4KQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Begin forwarded message: =46rom: "Jonathan B Spira" Date: September 2, 2009 4:33:11 PM EDT To: David Farber Subject: Putting All of Our E-mail Eggs in One Basket: Gmail Down Onc= e =20 again Dave For IP: "Regardless of what the headline reads, the fact is that more and mor= e =20 people are relying upon a free e-mail service, Gmail, for business = =20 purposes. When it fails, which it seems to do with alarming alacrity, Gmail = =20 users go crazy. Yesterday, Gmail was down yet again, this time for = =20 almost two hours." Continued at http://www.basexblog.com/2009/09/02/putting-all-of-our-e= -mail-eggs-in-one-basket-gmail-down-once-again/ Regards/Mit freundlichen Gr=FC=DFen/Sz=EDv=E9lyes =FCdv=F6zlet/Cordia= lement/=20 Cordiali saluti/Saludos/V=E4nliga h=E4lsningar /s/ Jonathan Jonathan B. Spira CEO and Chief Analyst Basex, Inc. www.basex.com ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_e3FDCa9v3aKs+Rs32JA4KQ) Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: "Jonathan B Spira" &= lt;jspira@basex.com>
Date: September 2, 2= 009 4:33:11 PM EDT
To: David Farber <dave@f= arber.net>
Subject: Putting All of Our E-mail Eggs in One Basket: Gmai= l Down Once again


Dave

For IP:

"Reg= ardless of what the headline reads, the fact is that more and more people are= relying upon a free e-mail service, Gmail, for business purposes.

When it fails, which it seems to do with alarming alac= rity, Gmail users go crazy.  Yesterday, Gmail was down yet again, this= time for almost two hours."

Continued at http://www.basexblog.com/2009/09/02/putting-all-of-our-e-ma= il-eggs-in-one-basket-gmail-down-once-again/


Regards/Mit freundlichen Gr= =FC=DFen/Sz=EDv=E9lyes =FCdv=F6zlet/Cordialement/Cordiali saluti/Saludos/V=E4nliga h=E4lsnin= gar

/s/ Jonathan

Jonathan B. Spira
CEO and Chief Analyst
Basex, Inc.

www.basex.com


--Boundary_(ID_e3FDCa9v3aKs+Rs32JA4KQ)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:16 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPD00D01YNIK1@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:09:24 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPD00C6JYNI1R@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:09:18 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B3EC544A8F for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:12:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B18AB44A8E for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:12:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F7FD4578F for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:12:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 44EB7418D1 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:06:48 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 17AC7418CF for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:06:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n8386kc2016882 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:06:46 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 04:06:46 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness - NYTimes.com To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_HNPLARV6QkQmsbl9uYLTlg)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:message-id:to:mime-version:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=XtT3aaYxuWmkmEdemDV3k+hKCvQ=; b=UO56HZ0b16b4zMvF0Fi9jHazemuV 8QRzHYlnaS7Z9lTwkveSaFCfun54u56+GyE51u//mKTeXJZMrcu84qnCfQ== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: BA7CF6DA-9860-11DE-99BA-140612F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_HNPLARV6QkQmsbl9uYLTlg) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Talks about ATT http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/technology/companies/03att.html?_r=1&ref=global-home ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_HNPLARV6QkQmsbl9uYLTlg) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Talks about ATT


http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/technology/companies/03att.html?_r=1&ref=global-home

--Boundary_(ID_HNPLARV6QkQmsbl9uYLTlg)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:17 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00L0132XKU@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:44:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00JFJ32X7F@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:44:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B93114760C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:48:30 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6E5B4760B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:48:30 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B386D47BA1 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:48:30 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B591843B9B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:47:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 76E4143B9A for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:47:22 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n839kd2M017111 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:47:21 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:47:21 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness - NYTimes.com To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <7094706D-09AB-472C-BDB4-0252AF27C076@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=lNYXp6N0jPLV1xoJV v3J/mQxYJs=; b=cno3cQfhAMRehwdrQJ2JewUDa9J2wbBxd6tegY2iiOmU8fcdn 3s59SVWAX8BCBIunyoLpy9m2kHJSepTAeJTGw== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: C7EABF7E-986E-11DE-8187-0005BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <007901ca2c71$846f1740$8d4d45c0$@org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: "Ray Everett" Date: September 3, 2009 4:35:38 AM EDT To: Subject: RE: [IP] IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness - NYTimes.com > Talks about ATT > > http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/technology/companies/03att.html?_r=1&ref= global-home (for IP if you wish) I love my iPhone, but in my experience there's plenty of blame to go around. Apple gets some for the iPhone's underpowered processor that sometimes struggles to keep up with even simple system demands. E.g., it can sometimes take my 3G phone nearly 10 seconds to open the system settings menu. It frequently bogs down when doing things like checking mail, switching or discovering WiFi, etc. The network itself can be pretty pokey too, and AT&T has done a miserable job of building capacity in dense areas; I can be sitting on my couch in the middle of San Francisco and have a call drop and all my "bars" disappear for upwards of a minute or two, because the cell has become saturated. But bad content developers share the blame too. When I was travelling in Europe last year, I became keenly aware that the seemingly simple process of logging into the Facebook app long enough to post a status message could require nearly 300k of data transfer. Same with many other apps and their associated feeds... All that glorious XML ain't skinny! Of course the simple-minded thing is lay primary blame on AT&T (Apple fans wouldn't dare blame Apple, of course), and I'd agree that AT&T needs to do better. But when the apps and data feeds are bloated and ineffectively optimized, and the processor stumbles over its own OS, there's plenty of blame for everybody involved. Cheers, -Ray -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:18 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00M0139S1X@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:49:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00IMO39S3F@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:49:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBA87452CA for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:52:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8CE1452C9 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:52:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A618A45BEA for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:52:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 83CEF43B8C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:46:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A4E243B88 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:46:42 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n839kd2L017111 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:46:39 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:46:38 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Reuters: U.S. Internet providers seek low broadband bar To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <0EB940FA-0846-47E9-B8AA-D7804EC2BA64@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT X-Priority: 3 (Normal) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h= content-type:mime-version:subject:from:date :content-transfer-encoding:message-id:references:to:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=0o1AEB6Vr8Igg3UzASaFOo8oa5Y=; b=dgRxzPWSiLxFFGmZHH2nb7Gxhuzy jJYi9T2fz+Z+NMX4+EJ/AgL0XtQGA3lg47r7lsOvdqvCx/Aq8Tth0D93ew== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: AFF1CBD8-986E-11DE-8863-6BEEB97BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <39477.174.17.210.58.1251953844.squirrel@www.bobrosenberg.phoenix.az.us> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: bobr@bobrosenberg.phoenix.az.us Date: September 3, 2009 12:57:24 AM EDT To: "Dave Farber" Subject: Reuters: U.S. Internet providers seek low broadband bar Dave I suppose we could make the ISPs happier if we (the U.S.) define 'broadband' as anything equal to, or greater than, 56k. However, I might not like that. [Mumble-Grumble] Cheers, Bob -- Bob Rosenberg P.O. Box 33023 Phoenix, AZ 85067-3023 Mobile: 602-206-2856 LandLine: 602-274-3012 bob@bobrosenberg.phoenix.az.us U.S. Internet providers seek low broadband bar 09.01.09, 08:08 PM EDT http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/09/01/afx6839478.html By John Poirier WASHINGTON, Sept 1 (Reuters) - The biggest U.S. Internet service providers urged regulators to adopt a conservative definition of 'broadband,' arguing for minimum speeds that were substantially below many other nations. [snip] -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Thu Sep 3 09:11:19 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CMEWJ@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:11:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00H01CM9W6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:10:57 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00M013GHEM@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:53:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00L6F3GHY5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:53:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8FDD4551A for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:56:38 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E683045519 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:56:38 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8C8A4586B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:56:38 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65FA743BB4 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:50:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3AADF43BB3 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:50:22 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n839oK5i017130 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:50:20 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:50:20 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] GOOD READING Defining Broadband as General Purpose Platform To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <0661A5F0-89F8-48DA-9455-239621AEFBFF@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=Nw1PXiL6xYl79DtLz wEN5bUrpoA=; b=ilETdAmgzuVUdtFLXj6oKMtdaROaquApfO0Pb5fYssDDNh8tS VUGzeH/4OxV+XMmBfrw/mKCQpMs+l/zYhJ9sw== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 330188B0-986F-11DE-9BC0-6758BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4A9F1A4E.9080504@cavebear.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Karl Auerbach Date: September 2, 2009 9:22:22 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Cc: ip Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Defining Broadband as General Purpose Platform (Sorry for the length, but I've been thinking about some of this stuff in preparation for Dan L.'s gathering in the morning.) In all of this talk about broadband and what the internet is (and is not) an important part is being overlooked: maintenance and repair. Perhaps my viewpoint is colored by the fact that my grandfather was a radio repairman and my father was a television repairman. But it seems to me that an internet isn't much good if it does not work. In the pursuit of the end-to-end principle or the idea of the "oblivious" network we engineers have tended to forget that things do go awry, and that Mr. Murphy (and his law) seem to make those things happen at the worst possible times. We are in an era in which the internet is moving from a lashup of individually operated networks to a global utility. Old Ma Bell, despite her predatory ways, gave us a communications structure that was amazingly reliable - it still forms the standard of excellence when we say "lifeline grade". Users of the net are starting to act as if the internet offered lifeline grade services. We here know that the net does not offer that grade of service, and in many regards is explicitly designed to take the easy way out of operational troubles - it throws away data. However, the internet is starting to experience a crunch between user expectations and engineering reality. Our historical experience over the last century is that user expectation coerces engineering - for example, product liability laws, reflecting consumer desires, have strongly shaped and re-shaped everything from automobiles to scissors, often at great expense to the manufacturers and sometimes causing the disappearance of products that can not be made without violating expectations that have ossified into law (or the quasi law of insurance premiums that reflect legal product liability expenses.) In our goal to deploy better internet services we ought to begin to consider adopting some engineering ideas that, although somewhat foreign to internet design, are well accepted in other engineering disciplines. Let me start with one that cause the loudest squeals: legal liability for negligent design and implementation. Please notice that I suggest a contextual and flexible standard of negligence rather than that of strict liability. The reason I think that liability is justified is that my company (InterWorking Labs, http://www.iwl.com/ ) does protocol testing of real products. We see a lot of the underbelly of the net and while some of it is of high quality, a significant part is not. There are other things: - Design rules that designers and implementors can violate only upon a concrete statement explaining why. For example, one of the most common forms of net software error is caused by buffer overruns. A design rule that says "use expansible buffers" would help redress that weakness. Of course we who write code do so because it is fun to do - and design rules would make it far less fun. - The net takes far too long to diagnose and repair: We need to develop a science of internet pathology so that we can begin to build tools that can reason backwords from perceived effects to root causes. - And in the pursuit of diagnosis and repair, we need to start building explicit test points into network products so that they can be used to evaluate the net from their point of view. When I worked at a large net equipment vendor I suggested to the CTO that we take a cue from the automobile industry and create a diagnostic interface, including a physical plug point. I was shot down because "it would cost too much" - One can make (jaded) conjectures about that vendor's perception of the balance between product costs and customer operational expenses. - I have long been on a hobbyhorse about adapting some biological ideas into internet engineering. Biological systems are often highly stable in a way that the internet is not. I attribute that to the fact that biological systems often have layers of competing mechanisms that operate on different inputs and over different time scales so that the failure of one layer is compensated by the others. We are starting to see some of this creeping into internet protocols - TCP backoff and recovery in the face of congestion provides a nice and seemingly effective counter pressure to applications that want to send as fast as they can. I'd like to see that kind of counter-pressure be pushed all the way up to applications so that they can do things better than simply slamming into a wall when a send socket blocks and refuses to take any more data for a while. - We need to stop viewing the internet as a collection of individual boxes and begin to start seeing it as a complex distributed system. This change in perspective might not really mean much most of the time, but it is important to have when we start to consider how "adjustment" of one part of the net might have an effect on other parts of the net. - I heard that the Google outage that occurred this week triggered a cascade of cross-infrastructure failures that made it hard for people to get their hands around the problem and make a repair. As we move more to a broadband world, we ought to make sure to set aside certain systems so that they remain relatively isolated, and insulated, from the net. We've seen how one such isolated system - ham radio operators - have proven worth during emergencies when more cross-linked infrastructures crumble. There is a cross-cutting concern in all of this: Security. On one hand network diagnostic and repair tools are like surgical scalpels - very useful when wielded by skilled, trusted hands but very dangerous when used by an amateur or with malice. On the other hand layers of security will make it very hard to repair net failures even when skilled people know what is wrong and know how to fix it. A lot of what I'm suggesting here is not going to be inexpensive, easy, or painless. Some is beyond current technology. Much of this changes the image of the internet from a free-and-easy place where one often hears the phrase "routing around problems" to an image more like that of the old telco world. But I think that is part of the price we are going to have to pay to achieve a broadband utility that has quasi- or near-lifeline quality. By-the-way, I am a big fan of the "stupid network" idea. But I believe in intelligent management, diagnosis, and repair. --karl-- -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:41 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00J01CZJFV@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:19:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00I8MCZJCB@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:18:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7347470EE for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:22:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A52BF470EC for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:22:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A3D6C472E6 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:22:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 83B3F416A6 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:20:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23A49416A3 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:20:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83DKjp3003871 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:20:46 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:20:40 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] My Comments on "Broadband" as a General Purpose Platform To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_lE5/RCcm46PcmaFGumR5Jg)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=YhVBhXye61bzw7JSw3OP58rBjUY=; b=TjL0ARzPeS2dA6TPzLy6G q0ZHW18AA0mQRg5Qw8vnoWCyXBDw3pBZHPlbWldjVITCaC5+iu1VQAZiDMqm679k Q== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 99EF5440-988C-11DE-A2F0-87D011F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <7d19cc9a0909030427o38542b64n9173c61aeed7136d@mail.gmail.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_lE5/RCcm46PcmaFGumR5Jg) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Begin forwarded message: =46rom: Rahul Tongia Date: September 3, 2009 7:27:40 AM EDT ************ Dave, There's a balance between flexibility and narrow specifications, and = =20 subjective measures always lead to other problems. Certainly speed i= s =20 easier to define but applications drive what is required in terms of = =20 specs (not just bandwidth, i.e., bits/sec [and not the EE defn. of = =20 bandwidth] or jitter, etc.). Other characteristics that are of importance that might want to be = =20 covered: Openness (ability to run ports/applications - also destinations allow= ed) "Always on" nature Total usage allowed. direction of speeds (up vs. down) network reliability network predictability (they shouldn't be able to WAAAAY overprovisio= n =20 it - some overprovisioning is the norm, and good) multi-homing and redundancy Broadband is also a moving target (1 mbps, 10 mbps, 100 mbps, etc.) = =20 Thus, broadband might be not just "x" but x(t). Before trying to answer this Q, I think pondering about other labels = =20 that have strong meanings and confusion is helpful. E.g., "green" (or= =20 even "organic". Some solutions have been to have a certification = =20 agency or body make the definition, and then have the rights to updat= e =20 the standard for compliance. E.g., a "green" product today might only= =20 need 20% carbon footprint reduction but 5 years from now it might = =20 require 50% reduction. Importantly, when a product touts itself as being "green" or =20 "organic", the provider is not the one who is allowed to say so - an = =20 external body often sets the rules. The catch is that we don't want= =20 an overbearing, burdensome, or expensive certification process. Broadband to me is also just a means of accessing the broader public = =20 Internet, so as the Internet evolves, broadband might also need to = =20 evolve. If I had to take a stab at it, what I would like from a broadband = =20 service provider is something like (and this is conservative in terms= =20 of speed given I am in India right now!): A high-speed (1+ megabits per second, growing over time) consistent, = =20 predictable connection to the public Internet allowing me the end-use= r =20 to freely use the Internet as I legally see fit. [people can modify = =20 the speed as they desire] Rahul On Thu, Sep 3, 2009 at 4:32 PM, David P. Reed wrote= : You underscore my point. More TV is where you focus. I'd suggest = =20 that your defensiveness is not helping. On 09/03/2009 02:01 AM, Bruce Kushnick wrote: > > And one other thing. > > > David wrote: > >However, there are people like Kushnick and the TV industry who = =20 > will push the discussion to focus on TV. > > My focus on video as part of broadband is because =96 people watch = TV, =20 > whether online or using cable. Video is the one of the =91killer= =92 apps. > > I call your attention to actual usage =96 TV is still the largest u= se =20 > of time it seems --- > > http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10297935-93.html > > =93However, people are still watching TV at the same rate (13 hours= =20 > per week) regardless of being able to stream their favorite shows = =20 > online. And, while 25 percent of people online watch full-length TV= =20 > shows on the Internet, those same people also maintain 13 hours per= =20 > week of TV.=94 > > B. > > > ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_lE5/RCcm46PcmaFGumR5Jg) Content-type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: Rahul Tongia <tongia.cmu@gmail.com>
=
Date: September 3,= 2009 7:27:40 AM EDT

<= /div>************

Dave,

There's a balance between flexi= bility and narrow specifications, and subjective measures always lead to other problems= .  Certainly speed is easier to define but applications drive what is required in terms of specs (not just bandwidth, i.e., bits/sec [and n= ot the EE defn. of bandwidth] or jitter, etc.). 

Other characteristics that are of importance that might want to b= e covered:
Openness (ability to run ports/applications - also dest= inations allowed)
"Always on" nature
Total usage allowed.
di= rection of speeds (up vs. down)
network reliability
network predictability (they shouldn't be able= to WAAAAY overprovision it - some overprovisioning is the norm, and = good)
multi-homing and redundancy

Broadband is also a movin= g target (1 mbps, 10 mbps, 100 mbps, etc.) Thus, broadband might be n= ot just "x" but x(t).  

Before trying to answer this Q, I think pondering about other labels that have strong meanings and confusion is helpful. E.g., "green" (or even "organic".  Some solutions have been to have a certification agency or body make the definition, and then have the rights to update the standard for compliance. E.g., a "green" product today might only need 20% carbon footprint reduction but 5 years from now it might require 50% reduction.  

Importantly, when a product touts itself as being "green" or "organic", the provider is not the one who is allowed to say so - an external body often sets the rules.  The catch is  that we = don't want an overbearing, burdensome, or expensive certification process.  = ;

Broadband to me is also just a means of accessing the broader public Internet, so as the Internet evolves, broadband might also nee= d to evolve.  

If I had to take a stab at it, what I would = like =66rom a broadband service provider is something like (and this is conservative in terms of speed given I am in India right now!):

A high-speed (1+ megabits per second, growing over time) consistent, predictable connection to the public Internet allowing me the end-user to freely use the Internet as I legally see fit.  [= people can modify the speed as they desire]

Rahul

On Thu, Sep 3, 2009 at 4:32 PM, David P. R= eed <dpreed@reed.com> wrote:
=20
You underscore my point.&= nbsp; More TV is where you focus.  I'd suggest that your defensiveness= is not helping.


On 09/03/2009 02:01 AM, Bruce Kushnick wrote:
=20 =20 =20

And one other thing.

 

David wrote:
>However, there are people like Kushnick and the TV industry who will push the discussion to focus on TV.

My focus on video as part of broadband is because =96 people watch TV, whether online or using cable. Video is the one of the =91killer=92 apps.

I call your attention to actual usage =96 TV is still the largest use of tim= e it seems ---

http://news.cnet.com/8= 301-1023_3-10297935-93.html

=93However, people are still watching TV at the same rate (13 hours per week) regardless of being able to stream their favorite shows online. And, while 25 perce= nt of people online watch full-length TV shows on the Internet, those same people also maintain 13 hours per week of TV.=94

B.=


 


--Boundary_(ID_lE5/RCcm46PcmaFGumR5Jg)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:42 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00J01D7OYO@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:23:54 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00IFKD7NCB@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:23:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD23047B5C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:27:21 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB6EB47B5A for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:27:21 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8E8647417 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:27:21 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FE6F416D9 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:25:47 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6DAE416D8 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:25:45 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83DPjm9024751 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:25:45 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:25:44 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness - NYTimes.com To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_GtzGOgvvnkQh+hcuxQJFug)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=GPVrC8j63U9zTGl+BG5myWV4Lw4=; b=iz5zC/DUO8H9jsV+EXepw OlFPL1g+bIAYsFYJePRhAugoXokIvaImWTXR6DoX+hQcvSFKZ1qtxrmesAbt0BhZ A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 4A31F51A-988D-11DE-B974-65C811F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4A9FA6BB.1070303@reed.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_GtzGOgvvnkQh+hcuxQJFug) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: From: "David P. Reed" Date: September 3, 2009 7:21:31 AM EDT To: dave@farber.net Cc: ip Subject: Re: [IP] Re: IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness - NYTimes.com Just to add one data point, I am an AT&T user with a 3G Modem dongle, using Fedora 11 as my client software on an HP mini 1040 netbook - Atom CPU. (I don't tether with an iPhone - in fact I don't use an iPhone). I don't experience any performance problems whatever, either in interaction or big downloads. I recently downloaded a gigabyte while driving through CT on the Merritt Parkway (my wife was driving...). And it works great on the train to NYC. As an engineer, I'd be interested to see actual data that supports the claims that ATT's network capacity is the big problem. { ATT itself has a motive to claim it is "being overloaded" - it is under investigation as a possible monopolist-overstepping-the-special-rules- for-monopolists, and claiming it needs all the help it can get, if believed, is a good defense and political support builder, as we all know. It's a version of the Hush-a-phone defense - "we need every protection we can get because it's really hard to make these profits" :-).} Wireless network demand is going to grow at a strong exponential rate. It has been doing so for several decades. This makes it easy to predict that ATT must build more capacity, and even to predict how much. That's not easy - it's why they are paid such enormous profits- before-reinvestment - to reinvest. On 09/03/2009 05:47 AM, David Farber wrote: > > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: "Ray Everett" > Date: September 3, 2009 4:35:38 AM EDT > To: > Subject: RE: [IP] IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its > Slowness - NYTimes.com > >> Talks about ATT >> >> > http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/technology/companies/03att.html?_r=1&ref= > global-home > > (for IP if you wish) > > I love my iPhone, but in my experience there's plenty of blame to go > around. Apple gets some for the iPhone's underpowered processor that > sometimes struggles to keep up with even simple system demands. > E.g., it > can sometimes take my 3G phone nearly 10 seconds to open the system > settings menu. It frequently bogs down when doing things like checking > mail, switching or discovering WiFi, etc. > > The network itself can be pretty pokey too, and AT&T has done a > miserable > job of building capacity in dense areas; I can be sitting on my > couch in > the middle of San Francisco and have a call drop and all my "bars" > disappear for upwards of a minute or two, because the cell has become > saturated. > > But bad content developers share the blame too. When I was > travelling in > Europe last year, I became keenly aware that the seemingly simple > process > of logging into the Facebook app long enough to post a status > message could > require nearly 300k of data transfer. Same with many other apps and > their > associated feeds... All that glorious XML ain't skinny! > > Of course the simple-minded thing is lay primary blame on AT&T > (Apple fans > wouldn't dare blame Apple, of course), and I'd agree that AT&T needs > to do > better. But when the apps and data feeds are bloated and ineffectively > optimized, and the processor stumbles over its own OS, there's > plenty of > blame for everybody involved. > > Cheers, > -Ray > > > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_GtzGOgvvnkQh+hcuxQJFug) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: "David P. Reed" <= dpreed@reed.com>
=
Date: September 3, 2009 7= :21:31 AM EDT
To= : dave@farber.net
<= /div>Subject: Re: [IP] Re: IPhone = Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness - NYTimes.com

Just to add one data poin= t, I am an AT&T user with a 3G Modem dongle, using Fedora 11 as my client software on an HP mini 1040 netbook - Atom CPU.  (I don't= tether with an iPhone - in fact I don't use an iPhone).

I don't experience any performance problems whatever, either in interaction or big downloads.  I recently downloaded a gigabyte = while driving through CT on the Merritt Parkway (my wife was driving...).&n= bsp; And it works great on the train to NYC.

As an engineer, I'd be interested to see actual data that supports th= e claims that ATT's network capacity is the big problem.  { ATT it= self has a motive to claim it is "being overloaded" - it is under investigation as a possible monopolist-overstepping-the-special-rules-for-monopolists, and claimi= ng it needs all the help it can get, if believed, is a good defense and political support builder, as we all know.  It's a version of th= e Hush-a-phone defense - "we need every protection we can get because it's really hard to make these profits" :-).}

Wireless network demand is going to grow at a strong exponential rate= .  It has been doing so for several decades.  This makes it easy to predict that ATT must build more capacity, and even to predict how much.   That's not easy - it's why they are paid such enorm= ous profits-before-reinvestment - to reinvest.

On 09/03/2009 05:47 AM, David Farber wrote:


Begin forwarded message:

=46rom: "Ray Everett" <ray@everett.org>
Date: September 3, 2009 4:35:38 AM EDT
To: <dave@farber.net>
Subject: RE: [IP] IPhone Users Love the Device, but Hate Its Slowness= - NYTimes.com

Talks about ATT


http://www= .nytimes.com/2009/09/03/technology/companies/03att.html?_r=3D1&re= f=3D
global-home

(for IP if you wish)

I love my iPhone, but in my experience there's plenty of blame to go
around. Apple gets some for the iPhone's underpowered processor that
sometimes struggles to keep up with even simple system demands. E.g., it
can sometimes take my 3G phone nearly 10 seconds to open the system
settings menu. It frequently bogs down when doing things like checkin= g
mail, switching or discovering WiFi, etc.

The network itself can be pretty pokey too, and AT&T has done a miserable
job of building capacity in dense areas; I can be sitting on my couch in
the middle of San Francisco and have a call drop and all my "bars"
disappear for upwards of a minute or two, because the cell has become
saturated.

But bad content developers share the blame too. When I was travelling in
Europe last year, I became keenly aware that the seemingly simple process
of logging into the Facebook app long enough to post a status message could
require nearly 300k of data transfer. Same with many other apps and their
associated feeds... All that glorious XML ain't skinny!

Of course the simple-minded thing is lay primary blame on AT&T (Apple fans
wouldn't dare blame Apple, of course), and I'd agree that AT&T needs to do
better. But when the apps and data feeds are bloated and ineffectivel= y
optimized, and the processor stumbles over its own OS, there's plenty of
blame for everybody involved.

Cheers,
-Ray






-------------------------------------------
Archives:
RSS Feed:

/www.listbox.com/">http://www.listbox.com



--Boundary_(ID_GtzGOgvvnkQh+hcuxQJFug)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:43 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00K01DHTKO@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:29:59 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00D0ODHS4J@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:29:53 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CA89A4445D for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:33:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C86144445C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:33:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 93B2947A9F for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:33:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11161416E0 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:26:58 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 928BF416DF for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:26:56 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83DQrIw024795 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:26:54 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 09:26:53 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] OS X !! Snow Leopard ships with vulnerable Flash Player | Zero Day | ZDNet.com To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <49F0609C-38F1-4079-B49B-11E8C7D3C60E@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_lhjUMVgX/2dSiarNzhQh+A)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:message-id:to:mime-version:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=nJtWOwK7y5+XliR6t0bwM4wcjro=; b=fDM1JnbhUet+TSROCptHH8XRsSS/ JabJ13Fzv7YhU58uyjeNj9Lu0SZnECCifRZEIFu4XIZIXjCCoBU2IdyLag== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 746657A4-988D-11DE-B4CD-27DB11F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_lhjUMVgX/2dSiarNzhQh+A) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Adobe has fix http://blogs.zdnet.com/security/?p=4175&tag=nl.e589 ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_lhjUMVgX/2dSiarNzhQh+A) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Adobe has fix


http://blogs.zdnet.com/security/?p=4175&tag=nl.e589

--Boundary_(ID_lhjUMVgX/2dSiarNzhQh+A)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:44 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00L01LBKBD@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:19:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00JF9LBJO8@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:18:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A01E458CC for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:22:30 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 36AFD458CA for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:22:30 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 14FE246D3B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:22:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8FA3C43153 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:15:27 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2BE6443151 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:15:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83GFPlq021743 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:15:25 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:15:25 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Broadband To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <2CA90FC3-A2C4-4F29-99B9-445F6DCE542F@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_rxsRE1s5pruxsTL+V+Sj3A)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=h3PydvAqo6crMuQhMbO5rFaki8A=; b=UEeXvV8FuAPblDyGpzv3Y AOBFDLqrkPfTYQL4SXQGUsixri9tV5HqX38jGQ3CJyydZG98ZjYeHL4Y+oeXcxZ+ A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: FE2861D2-98A4-11DE-8E83-092BBA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <856FCE123AEC40B795106477C0F41D91@rick> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_rxsRE1s5pruxsTL+V+Sj3A) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: From: "Rick Adams" Date: September 3, 2009 10:57:14 AM EDT To: Subject: Broadband Let's define broadband as 1% of the speed of the Ethernet interface on a modern laptop. That would make it 10 Mbps based on the last few laptops I bought ($650 each - mid range) which feels about right. Alternatively you can make it the fastest theoretical speed of currently deployed wireless data, with 3G would make it 14.4 mbps downlink and 5.8 mbps up. this way as technology marches forward, the definition of broadband automatically increases. ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_rxsRE1s5pruxsTL+V+Sj3A) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

From: "Rick Adams" <Rick.Adams@Cello.Net>
=
Date: September 3,= 2009 10:57:14 AM EDT
Subject: <= b>Broadband

 
Let's define=20 broadband as 1% of the speed of the Ethernet interface on a modern= =20 laptop.
 
That would=20 make it 10 Mbps based on the last few laptops I bought ($650 each - m= id range)=20 which feels about right.
 
Alternatively=20 you can make it the fastest theoretical speed of currently deployed w= ireless=20 data, with 3G would make it 14.4 mbps downlink and 5.8 mbps=20 up.
 
this way as=20 technology marches forward, the definition of broadband automatically= =20 increases.
 
 

--Boundary_(ID_rxsRE1s5pruxsTL+V+Sj3A)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:45 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00L01LCOE6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:19:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00JG3LCOO8@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:19:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9038A45CDD for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:23:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B69A45CDB for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:23:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6492346F3E for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:23:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D4BD41337 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:16:14 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 525B641335 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:16:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83GFPlr021743 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:16:13 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 12:16:13 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <982B27BE-A915-4171-B93A-053F32D51D2C@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_jUPmrMD9S6Fz9klgBEdzVw)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=ca8JodPgo2LLeS7vrO18yKcng8Y=; b=llGaeXLy47ijgtGuB7Izc Y2G0uz3+q1+2bjFSeE/USP5tLgL1Nam/lljaR4cvsrhP7w+JXAXDDSfeU/KgMGds A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 1A2C4EE8-98A5-11DE-9D36-62AB11F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <008901ca2ca7$3f9fd380$bedf7a80$@frankston.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_jUPmrMD9S6Fz9klgBEdzVw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Begin forwarded message: =46rom: "Bob Frankston" Date: September 3, 2009 11:00:16 AM EDT To: "Prof. David J. J Farber" Subject: Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect I think Karl Auerbach=92s comments sharpen the issue. The question is whether are a dealing with bad design and derelict = =20 players who aren=92t providing the network or services that we need o= r =20 whether we have a structural problem in trying to treat the Internet = =20 as a network rather than as an idea that enables us to communicate an= d =20 create solutions without having depending in there being a network as= =20 such. (UUCP being an example) ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_jUPmrMD9S6Fz9klgBEdzVw) Content-type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

Begin forwarded message:

= =46rom: "Bob Frankston" <Bob19-0501@bobf.frankston.com>
Date: September 3, 2009 11:00:16 AM E= DT
To: "Prof. D= avid J. J Farber" <dave@farber.= net>
Subj= ect: Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect
<= /div>
I think Karl Auerbac= h=92s comments sharpen the issue.
 =
The question is whether are a dealing with bad de= sign and derelict players who aren=92t providing the network or servi= ces that we need or whether we have a structural problem in trying to= treat the Internet as a network rather than as an idea that enables = us to communicate and create solutions without having depending in th= ere being a network as such. (UUCP being an example)
=
 
 
<= /div>

--Boundary_(ID_jUPmrMD9S6Fz9klgBEdzVw)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:46 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00101O2KZ1@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:18:20 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00PGKO2K7M@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:18:20 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2338947815 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:21:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21B8247814 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:21:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1EDAA4759B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:21:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B6D44341D for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:20:43 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E1764341C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:20:42 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83HKenR028542 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:20:41 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:20:39 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=Axn+/PFN60aDfp9/S gwDL2ABBdo=; b=Hba7dLdlZAZBku7JDYSZSs+zZY6xvcD2JHmPe8mF1xGVKe+AE PbNsYxMiL0D3fGRNlQ4dN6jkxInS6nwk6mi3g== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 1C40B1FC-98AE-11DE-A8EF-8E0FBA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4C1E5697-0E61-42DB-B831-7B35B2BC6342@infowarrior.org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Richard Forno Date: September 3, 2009 12:40:11 PM EDT To: Infowarrior List Cc: Dave Farber Subject: Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page http://valleywag.gawker.com/5350982/google-patents-worlds-simplest-home-page After a five-and-a-half-year fight, Google and its attorneys have managed to convince federal bureaucrats to bestow a patent on the company's iconic home page. We always thought the page was brain-dead simple, but apparently it's an innovative "graphical user interface." Google had more luck patenting the design of its search results, which were submitted along with the home page in early 2004 cleared the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office at the end of 2006. The home page, in contrast, was split off into a separate application, receiving its design patent for a "Graphical user interface for a display screen of a communications terminal" just yesterday. The document (see below) is as minimalist as the interface, containing a single illustration of Google.com , with the company logo depicted in dotted lines to indicate it is not an integral part of the patent. In other words, subject to how the patent is enforced, Google owns the idea of having a giant search box in the middle of the page, with two big buttons underneath and several small links nearby. Since the time of the patent application in 2004, the company has moved some links, for searching News and Groups and other alternate databases, from directly above the search box to the top of the home page. But Google presumably believes its patent is broad enough to cover the variation. -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:47 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00301OID1W@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:28:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE0025BOICF5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:27:48 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 610F447446 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:31:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E4A347445 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:31:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A37A47ECC for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:31:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC7074347F for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:30:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 230274347E for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:30:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83HU1Cu028911 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:30:02 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:30:00 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] EPIC's Privacy Report Card on the Obama Administration To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <6A300EE5-E3E5-4375-A2DB-4052DA80C2CA@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/mixed; boundary="Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=uNECibDltxyx6bs1TNMCIUjI07M=; b=QrnNvhheiTfxHd/RqH2o4 yxqS7viBE+W8gRiPlL7vuSna3mISug6VIMHF3sdIG6p9lwBxAoner9BSIQiIEaX6 w== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 6B454816-98AF-11DE-9FAF-E325BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <67521847-0765-419E-9944-2E6DA6B4F036@epic.org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: From: Lillie Coney Date: September 3, 2009 11:45:36 AM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: EPIC's Privacy Report Card on the Obama Administration Dear Dave, EPIC and the Privacy Coalition are releasing the Privacy Report Card for the Obama Administration. There will be a National Press Club event on Wednesday, September 9, 2009 from 8:30- 10:00 AM. A panel of privacy experts will review the topics of consumer privacy, medical privacy, civil liberties, and cyber security. The public is also invited to join in the discussion through their participation in an online scorecard. We are trying to get this out to as many people as possible before the event next Wednesday. I have attached the media alert for your information. I hope that you will be able to share this opportunity with others. The link is http://privacycoalition.org/reportcard/ The graphic is attached to this message. --Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw) Content-type: image/tiff; x-mac-hide-extension=yes; x-unix-mode=0644; name=obama-reportcard.tiff Content-transfer-encoding: BASE64 Content-disposition: inline; filename=obama-reportcard.tiff TU0AKgAAdsiAPR1uJ/gCDQeEQmFQuGQ2HQ+IRGJROKRWLReMRmNRuOR2PR+QSGRS OSSWTSeUSmVSuUQKCSyYTGZTOaTWbTecTmdTueT2fT+XQWf0OiUWjUekUmlUumU2 nQ2g0+pTZ9ABvNRxgB5QcFBUNAATBcE1OyWWzWelPR2u4AOp6PmDgQAAUEAMAA0G AwABAFga0RZ+OsAJ1FLUANF8PsABockkAHgkhycVG/yt8uEAG4nqMAJ6KA+9GIej AAGwuj2wA+7SF6toAEopqoAMKDiwplYAMgyibK72KNVTpsADdQumKj4XCsAHc1kU AD8P3rfdOdONoMQAItJMDOuaMZJkq0wAAVgvqQl6t0AFgpqcALSDj4slkALYviPJ wOheeSPn1CwJ73PgjYHheABvlSJoAAqkD/PXAL3vi+b6vu/kLIQ4DhOI4yNL0XRS jgAAdAnC6pH6ABtGMZYAGGbZzoMEoeAAMYdQYkUTmMTZMgAIxWrYhoHgk9YPoMah wrYah4oQvRflbEIavNC8HDJCBUIOJkJlRCqbspEsGvVKj3SsgwfCmKQAFcMIQgAc xqGaAA9Dw7kBoPIUmjUAEoJMfi4y9PyDQy4bioMDUDGuS4jgABB0HAABSEqWAAD6 aSqoQRZERCNIYOlP6kqqToxEUAA3u8AD5C7CkiJAehsl4AAMDeZCGj4N9UDoJMiL khS1ReY5inIAAUCOGoAA6A8Sn5YAyCYUAATGAEsPpLT8S4/VOo9KcqyvLMtoOaBN kgAAeFaeiDr8UhMxCKANnaABHj0+BqgAxQZiYJYABoeDsCCSxvoMF0ZHQQwTgATZ BXixIABII4oseIcSFsShTAAURxMUgwMAAQxDQUEVdIUqpdk3iZHmOgw2D+LTXg+e 76lCX00GYzBUG3cqEtAAA+C2JQADgJzeAQh51mzFZKk6YoAEYaWbNqB6/BYHrnDw F1gD4VZ0ABTgjDYLgACsE6xoYbRZFeAA/F3F4YCUJzHsijNAw3GAcAAdBJiJrKDn 4bruAgNbsUsRlMhZTiFG8YzuEMSLsFRJSEiYH25kMN+7hFKKEHwcMVjYRhoIMBIF AAK4xxkcRSlTUZlUqg4sCZu5DjZucbIac5oVkSBOtoSpt9Ug8guyM1EjCIb8aChX Mc1znPdB0W59KVvUKqSJGDWAAMmAVmvFpDiEd8LFVBXhgADiIYMouqpYD9UQuGUh QxDU8ZJCcySPSUW2X5jmeaoVnGdZ5nzQCFjaFu2UPwtkXgWBcDkAAdQhJ8DqGsXK ETJDEPEAAGCUR6DdGenAQphhPD1ae3gKARAHgAEIK1fxCForOW6TVLq1yNLZTElc L6qBUBZVUABlopA2iNAAGgbZCE7CtTwsQ/57UIkTAeDMAA5BPG8DREhOh8j6H2Pw NoVpwgZCbe2QYPggw2mPBrCUhI7RpmvC2LE2YADJDOFieMEw/DXA4NiAAah8QSpC HcNtJBCwxBvDGAASQSXyoYFks0G4llgEWQMN0TIEQAAjDOdwhIPlEjwD0sRj4AFk mZWYZ0g4nhMh2a8B8vxGG4KDAAjEAA7BJhAUUQcYwoThBGFPF0AAkRIhzRm2AhI0 DgrilU9yU48XeEGAecobYqWGyFAAqxVysFZEdBsokdggliPFAANUVsiBNyLISX4H wDyqjCcaQkG0sB0CCRkpyaCr1YkVEGIgNAAAHCSEwqNUpEIqIUWoRQfiLw7hME6A ASpCU1jSFoFsADHiPmtABHQ2Ud0yR5ABHuPr7ZASCkIQk4AllBI/IiX5JspAWjsV kBQM6riOQrWmfkl8MCNwyWcbUHyMhJhFPMLUVYv2kqUIUBqJg3xPGOArTRZ5CAWO QAAJMJwHl5gAkgDYEpWw0LaINS5LY8RrGvCuK6NZB5WN1lgpybiGouKmNufU3ZBh +FsGCMYd4AAXg6PwBCTaLxABXoKIxxtWlqDpg2DgL5hqKEHL0KoSoZDXgjL0Pgep bBxNYoaCMvwmwxLhDrPsAEQ4ipRHGL0UoAAUiLhSC6WA7BFIym1KiYLcSDAXOyGV NY4BkjOoNUAhLAImiKlgBAhFgqI2FjsfFex9Q2Axk4OFWQPKV3FIMIsRkvA0gsLH O+aRCy9CYEQFc54CVgCBDfBGpIAC/CqE7LwJQBBpXDsMQgDRyhpCXYaCIA7LWIif ezSKLwfk8B4B0kK7E8SGB0DUE8AAUAPF2AUB1ggJgJrlE6G0Sao4grQCybgUgXze EIk2RSpBCAStzbq3dwhHK3gArjXOutd68gAr3X2v63J/qAtfMMhFshSCDCEAACw+ 0TglBsCAAAxRBPqfYQkQYfgzviRqAAcYy1XBVD6rKw9gKYH7pkRjEJFwHprF+JYL CeQJmry6QadMrZ2SxIXmfLBBkTvoEOAB9ZCLzihlIEoC5bBABIpAIy8wAL0XqA2a shY5xunqGeNpF5VU+C0FA4vGa0kK4DmmQd90gX4zOIkOMW9owUiRhSQcNYdcmiJC GX67uFRCONl1LwMcviOSplwREB+JBU4mIWPQagt1Xh0TeQgHzrQACBBuA5eY8jMB GEXsFbelD8aWyUINEIcQa4nG0KekAMhQ38Oy4EACqFZAYDppcgwdA9J4EAD5IRCB +DlVkBAMdLEJRV0qq2eG5gAB01NjAIbsiGQ7h7D/C+byOGXAAlQzlScRt0bs3gk2 iNFaMABo49+kVnaThZjWbeN3t2yF+KkMqeYyEJQcgBAV8MSCe103kzCy+F7P43ln LcMUwVYAACwEpvA2BFAsQYfZcgRAsYIDYE6DMPkHzdDVZ0OCHZuxoQnXmvtybOqz 0wTgNl/AYb8jBgMr+IEGHieoO4Zj3CVnORPLGtCE6vl62EilED2GyTpKtGQzgxst BkHjYIGm5xObvcAj3bAAAPN4LoPoJTOh0MNeWCcFYLkK8IRs2xuDdG82k4C6l1iE jrGWLMAAIQ+jRITdJEIPhpnutgQft2se4dK5eZumtWeo+Z9ZLvt5D+BQ+iB7TaC2 PY8xd7MqZj1SQdjOX2ag3aSJcGxshqVVY+wYn9gZn2RniD2olbavNhBuoe/WrTHm pF+lw26cRn7/MyG/ppeQowWfUd6Ad6kILAFlys0KqHy/xj8AkHfOfSzoySIMSEEw D8XuCYBedAFODaR2s26uWkCyPwHg16jY2AIS3Q3U3YIuROFsEMh8CsGEmOIYEGjA fEjGJC8I4alcbuHmGMbKBCEEXkt2YCt87C6m1+6swwTOEmCYYyHwHwROIYAIAYhK Ayacme3wuyIQ9a1kIOiwi0rSUsUwAACyAIGHArByi+jCDxBOjKsGC2ve985m9sui 3Auq+oIS924ITIrWFsraI8Kqh4VE97Au3SxhA0I0/+yQiEABALAPASABAXAaVKCY C/Ag448I78bo5Y7CPQiO5SrERklclgta5OQgTo+cJohe/GxA5uhnDE/ay5E89mww /AIY/Yhao848IejajeLAWOIOwksyn0d6QMHQQSayHqMwDuCmM4oOIMBYCKXuGQDm uUH4uYL2ueIUMkF+FKVQBqzKISsgKqAQL66lAo6qIcmSAAmWmaJHES7/EYuAZaFU Dsh8DEvaISCwDKVQE4CmSI3e3i3mqCQMGcEmQUBMcsIQHyXKHWHwL8ArCPDIAADW DePGESbck4MEEeDMR2D6s4Q8RAAABsHo3jGUIQzSHIzW8ERQ0+AABk1EISj+00o7 IG9MABDO90MG4GDewuMWiYicMdI4I4HgGg9AA4Dw9JBGD0PGDaB8Mk6Sk4HySUGe GIGuLmBYBSAAGaDywqVJFqbpFwAZF0OXF6oMNrGENzGLFU+gQ5EUHREZDQk4oEoJ KuSWM6EYDCa8BKROFUEoSsDEF229EyJnE3E4IlEtEhFK/VFEQfL1LpH2P/Eu5lFC IWjMoijSugkrDbDeISROF3A8AACjBCISBYA0L0GoHMaYIcDpIMxgo6GCEoh8CWFp BEdWBsfmHIWAFQHrJgFTJk86xgCQ/iIW1K1O3+JLHBEW5aIMHbC/DCISlElICslM AARyXCR7M2kqBctkAcHYrmFoHMKq8qNyrbIGqUBcMkBAHCWAFo+Y5yCYwQGQDYBa IORPNDNHNKIUBKTWD4AySUEIGE288KQMmWQUmdJNDMcGIeKrHKVFHQIXCODoC2ZU EAfkI2KrNCE4ABNJPmISL0CwBcPMHpOePfOkISD4EQjCBmFsR3MmmPMtMxM0IjM6 PGEAbdN1LBN4IYrOOHCiI3MAJjLtLuIg4QM0M4+wWhEM6a44IrRs+udW6w/PFOMx RulAIMCxSEhyIY/+XCfWdUvOvSNe0KIaHwHKjODYDkjUcYIUBYBsbmEGByZaCiEj J0PiCmiqDKn+KqGWFaUiDaE2NcsOIat4HRBrDQGWEoVECDPUIMoSoWobKCI/BSxI 4fDQbGWaBkkUqDJgqKL2AAROGqF6FsgWEW9INoIlRLM+MlOud8BYHioyccCYUSE4 DYWJLE4qABTbTfTjMUIYdYlgEGDQRkAy6TIGEw9wC5CaIcH4HSq6D2DcrA7QIUn6 isJCyiOwECEYO5S4Iq50N4EcD4ChI+H4GyNLS04zS7S+ABTDTHTLMXTSPxUI4dRW IavwEov0CsFpQcL8EWDeB8AAHAFAVdWHR1EO5pRpXyJuROHgHaXK6CLHIClPFiLW h00CAaZwARUEbyZaHWmMIOLsASAQL8AZGsIak6oGWbF+PWfeAAE5QOT+KrX6ZaMU LsLpYpGtKDVuEqlIC4A+RPYcUqAJYDCOIyH5YaHiROALUgIMLyL2AO0NX2ABX7X+ AALtYQL1YUJRX4HSLYHcHwIMAKAIT4AAAIdAAiAgL0AZaAIfX5X8XnZmQXZrYILY ZaL9aQUVYWJCHwHiXKHmH4UqAQhKAqAXaCKPRnX1bzb0IQGWXAAACCXIIOtkGIFi 5GBhFhb2IfPycFVRcTcdcfcUWtchcm5rHiL3HmhU6jcoKhCSwI9u1hV3c3dFc3bx dHdMOmROHwHzCCLiAOL9bVdNdTdXYgUVa5dPdvcpdLdxd3d5d7d9d+P5d1eBeHeJ eLeNeOJteFeReXeZebedeeIdeVeheneperetdHeleve1e3e5e6S9eze9fDfFfHfI KRfBfLfRfTfVfWJbclfZfffhfjfkI5fPfnftfvfxfJfrfzf5f7f9ebf3f/gFgHgJ dPgDgLgRgTgVLvgPgXgdgfggOpgbgjgpgrgsKXgmI0ADg2AAH/g9gvhBhDhEIvgz hHhNhPhQJHhLhThZhbhcIlhXhfhlhnhfhjhphvhxhDhthzh5h7XyF4GPWsCIByYI Kdh3h9iRiSPOFOFug2EOFCfYHNaeAAHWFyDcIbg2ACKHiOInizg7g/iVjDjEJiGM GgUaDyEsp8GqHAK2IYFkEUwQBkBSfKAIAELtjsAEAAAFj2J5i4IkALkAISH3kHjH kLkMI1jKUaEOFAaQGOGsHYIqD+C+QMC2CSQMAPdcABdcWOAJalj7fcJgFmFsF0AA CGCCNQAqAsQYHsHqHtg6H8H9kPlllnONjMAACcDsjUpaBwA2AAD2C+BkqkAehKAX YrdqWPi8/Cy0JYDqi+AABABCyIBmBcBYAAB6B0BsABi8H1m5lpm9iTbaLgBGCkny I4BWBA2QEcDUiYAqAmSFawuAAWAWdBj3jzmUJmDaDwD+AAHqHvagAXYkoiBoWICm CaOdawhKHvn9m/oZggHIHSSUEeFMGSAADECYOUBWBLl6IRg8IKCcDiYnkdkgI4Fg EEB0AAAvnaAAAoAmRIAbnlark9nuJkDyyOAAHSHaXaARpkIOA0AwfKDCC0CmLABI PxdULgH7qTobqXflnCAAEEE2GCAAFCFvKOvgAkaCGAE0oZaydAIQEUFDCuEYFOc6 I4EiDMPwBi6IVeAsAonsAaAbpjdgJVj8IiGiGoq6FQFcPgHOHUHUAAAUARcQIMAW AQaCCYCQbuCICDXhi8Hzsfm1g5qZsnerqcEuFWVkEwFgjOHoHvdYIcByBVrcFUER qHnqm2G2O8CMDjl0I2C+CTKUDEfJpXp+L2Ag2RddYGhdlAJYAWLwAAHEHEO8E4FK NkGyG2iDp2LkMST5uUPIBSBQzoCrWmA0A2fLlZlcH/lhspu5eBstsxD7s2mfs8I6 DoCyNIDSCnmCAIAHjyByDGFITZimIwCZl4AADaCkN4AxlUqlawABYkaDmSJlrqIh o7sAAULGHgHiK2FGFOeeGMGdrKIPuduYoaA6A6AACaCQx7mwBo4rkJm4KrwFu7xJ chqcCcDkYnjXjaJGnpmyCmCEBUfEEcF2PeGQHKIznO2QEKDFmqA9usqkAhnjnnj1 j5Lrt4JsANyUXmH4T4FWFhUoF8GFCuHtdVj0AGLtybliAYASL8B2BwgUCyCkZ4AV wQABB+LhxLzVcpxPxSm3jYJDy4LsFcEMCYAAGyHErmDaEfUwI3pLpPpSRJlUQZoA LHk7rmJLwIIvwMAJ0bmORYGWq6FWFaNlO5xxyVZ2IQH8H/i0BWBSYICsCYCM5yBb xkH1ytxDsji1zX1Yy2H4H2T4HQHcHqAAC2D6rBxWJDx0AAFAD0CHb+DeFlvHs+Ir rPrTrXv3rcAdrhrlE1yQJ7i8AVmMHGHKawFEFIdOGgGtKOH9qVj0Ll1eKrncuACp sQABsXsbg5seLhxH1b3cP51eT5n6ZaHKHMawCUDugjs72II4DACLwwHYHnliFpxu IztfKUC8CKMlv25/yFtxyXyO/EKXyUL9wMFcFiMNlGZgHgHoXKAKAObCH8T5jsLs BgBVKUC6CyCqAAA8A8K/uxlflj3f5mN7qTdTB+K0Hn1oGUGsawDeEiNp32JDvrl7 4JxxvpvsDqCoYIAgAprcAjv9wB1UJh0UJNwN4ovNsFVUGWg2E+FISsHFr7k0AMV0 AEV15FpRncPWCowQB8B0bmH1kJkGYv5p7qKlwMH6H4RPn9agHeHgHgyKGoMEDyEw aR6EI5zl2HxznQAAESDKNJp8QZngABnlnpyMJX6qJpnmdBr7kgFGFSeeGSGYtx7m LnkCHyH0T5mKdACGB6NRzEZ58rzPytwN7t9sIPoeSV7CrmIQA8AykgA4Au5KJV7x 71n5oUAAHj+V8D8H8L8UJv8SFIDyBvpRpV0GazyJyxbtfb4kN8AToDwMFeFoFwAA FkFogiHiHsZaARoCHxoWIQBUBM8UCwCkbYBeBjPKHx47Uh28IAAIFA4JBYNB4RCY VC4ZDYdD4hEYlE4pFYtF4xGY1G45HY9AmM0HAAFav21JGBJ3o937DQYCQGADQUBa ADSVRwAAeDAPH4E/6AAH6/Ja9Xu9wA7nc7wAyGu7QAeUwxQBK5bPogmDYJwAKhMI wAGAsFAADgaDQABAKBKxCHo63E/7bc4fQLkAgHMQVZwA0GczwArluvgA1Wu2bSBA FBXw93wAAgDgYACmTCQACEQiCAAMAwCAH3obpo9JpdNp9RqdVq9ZBpDIzQiFyAHM 7sfPpfMVqjCiABSIwyAADw+FxIw/uRoH4/AA9ntSHg8HiAF6znKADwmGVrYEeCsI QARRwJLCFgtkMiAAOBgNp7fce5HLtxc+BftiZiAgJbHW7emaRomkABNFIVAAOWfw AAEAK5H8fqWnyfB8gAAb7heFyajSMAtAACIHrRB6rvjEcSRLE0TxRFKLniekJkET ZggAUJbmu1bcgAZJNiwAAJgiCEFAGxYBSGjLkQSfblgAep6HqAB4nkeaSF4aAAEQ VRvtWJgcA2AA2ikEzygqAAJAkCIAAQA6euGz66PeuUVIVNcFSJNCeoJJkmsObgAG eajEHIdB0AAcJwSxJh7AAfJ9OZBa5AOBAEAADwOg5Ma+BOEwRAAIAeByAAFVAAB/ uTOFS1NU9UVTVSGxZCYnDkUzCnAeUTByFSyFIQQnTPNAALWtkhsW47kyQ5jnOg6U pSpK0sNMFYQAcABEjKGAAA0DExAnMoAATbs52Euc3RK+dgsStgDPuf1RgAdqlgAc BwnJPk/AAahrGtA59QnQB0gBB0EyAAAFgYBUeAayYYBgGIAA+DgLgAEYQA+AAQhA DsKLw5p8MfUeAVXj+QZDkWRtIH4zE/WVaVMOgs2qNIphlgVvAGAiYzlYcjyTJcmn ceEolgX1lyu0cblIPIbgADYMYfMkzAYBeCrymM2rhN7WPsArOPugh2nepjDMQahr m2ABunEcYAHIcxzyUelEX9ESBAOBQFgAEAPS4CS+B6HQa4oEVNAvHrOV6frRUUfd RVJknGcbx3H8ggxEE/GJGFPKlVRu3beg8DAH25SC0rWjsjAAfTRHsetEa6phYl+a kq6Gug/i+F4ACGGcuLEsizLQtS2ao+DU6xdh3umbhwnUABnGYY+ynDtEnumd9k3+ goFrNg2EYUAAOAwCYABWFEwA0DQPTm5kHyO0XGTkf90OFJHFY9yP6/t+8U1aAAXi 2TaqksIqjcIALwMAAG+OhKI1VZlYS0lwQ4agfHoWies9q5SOOldO4keg8x6AAeMd MTIrkqCgF22gnyz1oiSDc0gsR5wIHpgoaNcRqRSisFovVe4AB0jtKgPVKBCXsFoB EB1i4EUPAAB4DcGYAAOgefOBgCgElfHrNAoo0Boj5uQfcUEASgV/AOc+p9upAn6P 4jNGeNBcxTi3MAG0R4wiMwNMoDhaI+R+IJDoJ1PZVisC0ELBEEoJCwNPUiuhrLNy NohdMaJncHh4nTDkJN5wxxrDsKwd48AWQlN+AgA9aKoGCyII9DM1AXg0hxUShIgr c26gbAumIDgGzggzBcCwAEgSwSyTEkEmMGUDpJizGlYRikKDQRqAIaI0QADyBmtU BILAUECSTGmak1ZrEWcm5Vy5GVbFkDMEZMSoAEgAFuMsdYAISQmI/HIQQZScraTM pBSLUisSKl8Pc57xSmCFFCM4AAtBkHXI4BoCSkRWiFCKAACwFUxALW878rEpDTht DwH9DsRlJNLAADEF4KwAAkBIVwDQFkzEEl8cs5jpZRTXMScIdUlgBjAGNS5eQAQZ TRHyDxXYAR9DwpZT+oFQSBhzEeLpGSNCOifDgCksr2U0qRDMI07ZtTbkfFQIEy4M ASlkAa9mQx9J6oPkW4keQ8oOrtKYFgQBhKqEdZYtUL4SamQvgmexb5HaJGmGQMsw AKgUlcAyBk89JpVUoVEUGoRD4qADGaNU4Q2myABHGOJfwLaPD9CSEMgUVrE2ds8/ ebIAHLOYI3HJLyYAEgInGL0Zp1xAihmURyboAA6BUU0CED8RYXqfAVOOehdJFKKH 0AAeY80mifFrY60ZHaCUGoQAACgE3wANAW3WiBHK8mlagwVYrph9XDPnSuz5Bj5n 7LYnUAA+BaGzAEOdftxB3L+BNUwfgRAjoKH+UiYN47+X9VQJwVzzjsnbJ8KkPTMQ QgjBKeoAZcgtCAFwykiNswqA3UjQuKQCnQgaAyw9HqZneuieAXM+bpWNmPSgk0I4 cBXm0NtW5loAAuhHTBEZH96ILEXuzf5FIAUiM1JjV8fqDkcC5GQVUXwuyChAAktE AIKFKj6CcFI4Tp7DtWx5lnLSIxvjlksDUMIpYGJbAAH8MQNgAMHbqMUaR1wxiIF+ QmFAAAxBBWiBJD5BQCPwYOZMCVuyxxSq6Wir94iPnzKGhBfQABPCwGWAC19sSN3N AAKMPgPVJSxzTdXERGcd5bxJFxIiaT2oVayPifLa1+jbG8lgYAxBkgAHEN4bqTh7 oTASgsAAPQFvgC2D5pAEAyBlvSPAc2oNkTUf0JcVeRwPgYWiFkJLC0Sj8fkFEOoq QASUksT6q5lwUgfrqe0KYehZEFCaDZ8AJwNKRIJntrJBMNKRAY09Mdu4XufupdZ0 ZqtEFEuIPVJoUA7CuwkRwMARWLhwC5pjP5k8cJEIpp/ZJGTFl5M/eggg4WzgAGiv ZtI53lDMQCk5J8qdca6HycR6xBALxRtoG4NBvgWUeHtcV+fFedKq2Xs0AAmBYDTf +S1zRvDfHArBoYtsihfjKT2FgP+ESfTsncp9bySCWjuHUv0dlZmNVVIFvM9Sjyys HAA0+cbA1ojhNq/sFDF7fmtxMPlCYuxjtkzfnEjiNxYiFCFplLm+0KM1rARDinOy BrkLyr4/cUz2upUQUopg2dWFNGXP4dI7CocieUPd1RCdcmf5WZ96xeDFgHKCPddS Y5PAACoFAJYAAkhGs0r9JRzvEe5RHGswBUiqR8IZnMUog8qAWAndZImOS2ulKOUg LAexYbbkqVgVofs0AjBGeQBABTFwcZ4dGK7ceymT7R1acY0BtyWEiKkZn0pLCyEU E8AAOQXsT6UafaxzLjcD4Lwcjat4AALQIgsACi6JM5NKu7wxqr3Qgp4gAxXooRBL jhtAbAbgbxQYchfoZAZjR4owx6HxKIhDUxHjP6i5MwI4BoDQgQdIkYVIeS+IdaDg 9SxAgb1QuUEZC4moMYLA3oD63A5pJjK8BkIYjj3gAAQ4UKqbF4jCuKpgPwMZTxSA nrQo4zQ4oKXwXAYgbAADvIrDOYUYPqhK3qcbIYuTugx64QtJmjNLez9D9T9j9whK 2YVgRQKpCjHxIBITiQ0p0q7sLMLcLoijObdJ8AHAFg4KV58DD7sotBmhm0KohTw6 oTHwxbIBrRrJdRBKtB5bj7jwasLZrw6YbQbrWpCJCYgj0wgoBLTgFxTB7rTQGwGK WwEQFCaIfkT5XwX4XiDx5IAAVIdyDoYYeoqD0Y4RjJUYlp6wERioAAJYIwzYI4Io zYfaKy764cIkbAhcI0JEJTsArARANDNAK4Iomq1Kebwj+4jD/IAAxwx4LQPoWMOI nwSYOKCIIAGJLicQgp0ocwdaDoPASoYEeQibb4AAGoFcFUKUS7wo0sdYowpALgPz c7bghJG4NIIpSIEYDxSoA6YgBx7LfI8o84B7PKGMdIgcSRyK8I4g9g9oAqKgfxJI cYcY65eI64ZAZqZRQokaHa+MUwhMEYyIyaTxz4HxvoAAFCQRigEAEBgTPKK8CIlo fAbDWoAoYrI6+A5sa4YYbJGoVIfQloeBJMVLHwmJwxxJR4noG4GhmIMQLcOwCgCo sgesGUbMBg18I4UAqkig1RG4VwQwJgAAE4EBMSeRCjxYnw+cLELULjOELxaCdAPS zRpozh+APgS6OBGZGojjOYUwQAy7EMczTo0w+cNIXIYoxELrSgIwGZMQH4FYyYhD eENjPy3aeAnUkqu0k4gUlJkJOS80hYgjkSSwbYbhPZsRsgdBrowoaqx0n4hjPBaI CoDKAsjRi4HYG5vwE4Eo8A9hrI+Y0J9KsSVbUqxpBQZYqhRMa4g4dgAZgoTBCJ5Y ZqfwgktKK5xIgh8SaIKQJi+4GoGphbVApCRUuzUBkxlCBRlREjOYVoQxXYBjsyr7 5Qjshwo4AEiMib6Yn0cDNAKAHxMFCAyYPYSxGMzQrEgoFoEZ8EkgtEk0SA0dCopA VYXh2AFgDpSIexnxJQfYx82YAzxq6oyZbonqKJpzepmS30dFF4t0BZVJcjH7xqr4 ggcwdBfpPQAAZoaR2EnYAAdZZLzxt4ha6RM0ogAAHQGhaoEcZcwQEpTQByTpfxJJ CS8BxaxU8qxwAQYjvSKk9SzZBIfyyxJQIKCIVIVAVgAAX4Yp51MA9UCAgcn9MYzA HzTAK4KL2K9B1VMNAq/jADAQ7RFUJoAAPgMJpEfUKhNgjc0q74AE081MxyE8yAUE yQnRMgAA6SDoGwMbbTqbMjMzNEyihyca640tVS4aR5KMTZnqnwoY5hmgtjNTqzeh gbs5qAziKj21CYhk3o1M39KJdJdcTYw5sknCZQcgcptkmwoR9ghaVgAAE0H5bB8C jijwFoFgFQnTsxBYxak6YEGgi6xc8wAQXoXpuRcFR9P9QIBE/ogRIIAAYQYamYUA VAVoADrac8EZmoxY0JxMsp/ZDELkHhhkH7yDnNTaoLLrL7MJU8gsg8FRp5gpcs3Y iNGIAAN4Rg2agCgQj9DgAFDy1C1IAANYRIW6f6gK5igrSrS8kSCUhdmQjkdcdqDz 8BJgpAgg+wmJp4ydUx+AAsNcR0hgiVbYjxOR4kl49sCIAE4aAwcAkYZcnJ55tCHa HqH4hk+xwSKTmte4E4EhTQE07aJgsRfxda75xKRUldVAj6xYW9ggAQaaxwsrdyzg fJBIf6JpA4LIKB+I5huhgoc7kTRgUQU5HAv5uBBMEYgks6hSV4AAK4KEwMaIzd1I o4x9p1kxkhRY5gMwQT6NnJFTSkv4JJawDMwsBFbIi9YoAAawbhtgIwOMeInzSgWI RF4MkMfqDoJYOjFr4AjYUYOwFx8Nv5HxH8fTuI0kxQ0RfS4bukU4gdZzsY9tH5rM VN4wi1sQjpbpSIctc95IbRPYaMXFLgdId5WgfJ1IhsEZhpLgCFWoH6JQrqv6hQCh M0Ecai4djcIQ+LxoAgVTc6ySyg9Vg1PxUVywfgLsOwAL3B0t/AgoVYVwWYkgWyo1 Rk+wgmC5R5SIHgGqJYLQK1zICqhcIBJq/d2xyEdYUAWbR7AZU62YUIPwJRgTe1U9 Ch+Uh9mtm9otnQj0ADGZMCGK0KdIjp2h2x3B3QscRk0Y1J0p6yO4lpOQzxIVht+i vFJo1ARISgThJRJYAAbgbpLF1IgpjJuEPK6EAwFCQMpBiIAFeypgERu4gqX2C5Uy LY+oUoVQgQdjboA+EJRNymElzDKpxI+a8rxoBC3ovoaBAQTyGpd4cSyljs7y70/A gYDeMwMILhHc/5hYfSVUa1sGIgibnrI4LgJRaphyMIj8fkGKJAMwUboYjJG97YjW MQAALwJqJdYLwcR9xAit5F5V5l5wrDSig6hIsxaIcsfwAF5t54jYrQrlNqJ4803F Fs3VJdYlfwgt2qUeOg06UyVEn8VIgljt1IE58YAAJQIQH6j4EJ858p88l4z+Cs++ DBkESgoQfEtAUuZqZcb2EGEWQg0AMRDinmUOe+gI4gBTe0uiDoTgUN0QYQZA7cn9 jFhsn6IIAAKII6zQI4Izv4CMj729TWX4hWYLn7oOZ0AAO4MCCNw+XwiF85xIM4Qj c93ojC2YaYb4pmaKAImAAATgPChIG4FkfOU18ojKRRY5LoRbCOqgj7hJi4OILZTw /ZrIKwPmF9BOrYmIToOJ21IKJhpQyD1qUGpq8d+wjiiii1i2Qdjt1A0Sy1e4OQNw NK6ADJiYe4dw6+IZyLxoAKl4tIUZAyVZYVyZUQfopAAIC5i4fYL5HYAI5JjoiMBx XoXIXbOIUtiYpLk+mdjQ0VjqQQ8AMgLQKg3wFSaNASX45mfLZMIz32ZwhDSgZAT4 L0w4mON+bOwghyRQWgYKx0QIi5G4KgHkFWMEzkyAVQQgJqpoyaGOOWp0K40QcodK +IIQNlQ+rQjBG4KYIBMACoCAnq5YjCOQK4Hx8BDxH5a5bJbewe5Sa2wwjcCyygTI TwULWV/e3ZA7IddRxIC11ZDQLkg0tY5qspfw5PBgh590xFhogvDIAKsWzTxIoM9y cYAIZboVgVggiIBxSIfYMIMUYwn9OohrxQvVaocZ6AAAS2VV/hsggi1RSJBxCBjZ DtOAyoy4JgJKhJ9RRLum7DLUbcJLF2jgh8goGQE484BOU29kPYiT5lCwHIMYUnMI jIOoJxuoWwaQmOvDhDhQ7AMOhLQdpueoiWs6fIQATimdExzOrgQoLspqKBz+vwDu wDGx0BSPEyanBwjS7dtOzwS4UBWJALoQhEZF0pHhwYJoJAIgAAKQJt4PLWXojLxp jBUSVQAYdJfoAIdhKIfol4gT4zsKMaYnWfFZgEBAAYYbWIAIYDJQAIAacYhlyp84 fgJAzbsqaQ5gjmFdOYAAUmDg6gYYYa9Ix0ysTCsWC54gGVeoAGWwKxayjQ56/Wkq xJ/QHoMgUHOQjiOVXw9DfTTlYYiWp4AAPUgKo8zYi62YLAHhz4PYUYke+4i9ngKo IiW2bFr/S8ISXyRoIANWSytpU2twAE19rWU0Ap8CFueQ9Wemba/nTIjI+cfVwgAA UQVMeIXYYEgVRl04gd1MVJTppAMgLoK7e5H5PHLrPR4CH4AwYdggfwavJglYgVR0 lBRAAICZMTJ5SofoCspofsEofzDgtIB5uoAIWvZgZg7YAIA6MYg4f+0wgQEArgfo IAHRUWMyX4jo+YBh7I9RMwXIWjgwTwU9Q4flVZBR4EmIgoohBOWgsgKYJ8wIHOBy w+iaz4FwLATPfAjbvjv2CIsiukA5NXQQhqRQZIaZtAJwO2dYjSpSpm7iDu8nzWrg XgR5XbDp8Ew2soiiRTE4AAXgZLWu7xE62ab5MU2bPoAERJHijDEPf7LXlon22Qno XoX3cPmdQ6HgpmgAgblogYGQGZmILfx0wVd+IPyggyKgATjhCgVL6If4eK+If64w 4TLAn5NgvDeJ0Yf5BggRgggAAAAkFIAf4gDwAATRZkGdbtAD9fwEAAEBIHgUZf79 e4AAIDBIAfZPJkCE4igT5fUZlktl0ZAcxAAGAwFhQBAQAcbodQAZ7OZ4AabWbQAa DWa4AfT6fcVAc5hUUfj7lb9iQAA4GigrrgANJgLQACYRB8ifdNl9ptVrtltt1rYz QcAAez3fIAIg5E9qTiuY4APCYZVvwksP5fF4AJg7lAUCYSAAKBUhmIDwstf+ZAD3 fD4ABJN6oADVcDyy9pL5JgpRHIRAB7TzU0el09sFYgBwAVqGJwABgNBkzAs2AXF2 sCzL/pVnAD1ej1ACFULLAChW9J4/Zl5gIodAA/FfBlmSkIQCFlDAWCoA8+5BPvhX G7Xz+n1t70dbi5X2+vJ+KcgUBzcm0a5sAATJRlSABsmwooBKej0HpafrmA8DYMgA KaSAAIYhB6pR8LupaVgDErMAEih/H2u4BnGc4AAGdx4IEAyMAAdR0I8ahmoEeB7J aAJ9n8gwAv2fh+I8AabJYf4CpyfoDAXGB/x/GADIiicYAFJABCAGqlB63oAHzGcm M0Ak0AABADxtCB1nUdYAG2bpvgAYhkx4bBtm4AB2xkgx/H6tVAyGA81gAB4HtyH4 dByAAVBMEYABRSMYJk/z+Uy7JsG6dwADqSZbgAY5rHY3wEssYhNC6AANAqBqPRMd 55ugGQulAAB6HvQVMhyFQKAARI0BsAALAoyAGgdWCsyu+ipyQS5VGIABAlCaL6g0 CQEAAT44BiABtHemw2keYVNJY1KCj4MIbgABoFykAYCMtEoAuyf18ABEK7nieJ5g APJLXMWhkHLc6Xtu3IxCC3IJAfWDxsmAF4OCx6yscCd3XhGF51je2D5BkK2vw/WR XOBbJAAh6IFWWBbAAXJf3NCimyUmyrSGAFAqxQ4jiGIYADALIo0snJ7s5jyXTTLT /51fMsIM5gBnSdKPGsbaFQIgx7OgAJ3ug+kmpzIOchQFCRDEsIAqYis0gNlJ7Hnf 5tT2ABomqopunEcgAQLA2jruAUiwiyx/52nDLMeCFJhKEgABeFezhmGAWgACQI8X wScqYpqzrRk3QHIdJ4gAR5TGS6rrrdX1gFURAp44igBxMMZAleAGCYNkBYEEHQAB CDwOAACPMAABIEW3et73ya5uxeH41lZTRMDYvYShEhJRlvAxQF2ceQlQQIkAAG4W A343kY5ekTMK/x+n5QR66PlR2HeABYF8aAAFEXkXnMO4zxhQGKoAAC0EJrgfgsVg CACyVwDgEKgRk8jEwFsVYc8NRLEwGJSWY010EH4QK5PyfuEJ8z/JsIwPpfIrBXC0 dwLoXhmx6o/ZshMq7gjlA3Bkt8LwXArgAA6BsDBdDnkGM0cd5Q/yakCAITYAL8x/ jeHEjAbydQBDnaqP8bJ2EjkeH6cpfCvCMgBAKRQAMXyBAoJQAYNYaiRRdHQOhqoy RnP6GkpwAA7B0IvHJHJICEnDRiIEAljYIgOneBepAAAKwWguAASc7wBlDj4LqREq 0JYPuidI6Z1B1jsHzDoFkGAAA1hUBm+oow2WqhODsLFkIeArAhAAE8IILFigVPWA s+ETSKHHP8SolYaBCizdwwU+rrAACEDIt+MpNg0iOWmaQ0ymVsrbFcIYJKrQMnrT WRg4sETTn+c4AAeY8l/jvX6AAdJDwADIGoi8dA70kDsHmkMCgDScgYAiRSBkDoIF qAWAVbZICbAMg2ABZRwSyFlAUygrBNFLGWkxRNkLJISUUO0f4miV23gKZgLmGIqR YQuHVOshSEHEEROZSeW5kAyQ+AADoHajm4r/UCoJ5R9U0gCjKzpCQAR7I/ACOdF4 AWrkKHCN0gQ8oAgUWAAECi2x/jsM8OYBprhrASo8OAcY5gAJ4GcAAd48HSKEpPOB nRV1DEYQuhgDiFwABBB2DggYJJZARAmxkfw+kRNsSOkinNGGDiIE+MEAAjBTv6ZB AMywphAklBWCJjJLAnB0elNJTU1QACjD4h+IQF13LKOFE59htR7D6UEKYWhgzAmD PpYwAApA8rtGINdH4phcoGf/AFg8yBPh8fGslWBNbSMfNqVZQUwJyK0ABOY0yfnS D1OcUqLpLB+NsAJEslhWiKJoIomxbdCTfS6vGlIBLEriNNsDYK9h86LXtU08oBVB xrjWQMJwUz0kGFFJYg9saEmaOWUUAAKgUAlgACWEgIjTjlIjg+P9ExHzLAEUMVhj pLB5jvfsM8ZRDRvjee+M0blShwjkYNIEltZiWoSPUZAEYHiEgnBMSgGwM5ToWiGR K5LbHDM5vhRQU4tygrkXM6BhIABVCECampQ4qxeGytayEUYdpHAuBU2c9rxj4Tfe WkMcw61/g8DMKNXKuz62wV1IKTBhzEheCbKeXRlGO3rLcf5fCQ7lNcR+POIo8h6D 0M2XYAD8EkFpXmRQ4Zlnjkhg2SG8BkXjkzKyACMpFMuY/0wfW9+mWQALOAn0dhEB MCdFIqMZaPL+oQH9hAgTO6WA5cmAANAYwuFieIrm6TSZfGay48ibyac9Lgbq3coo 0kCgAHAOJgw+WuECQlDgtShltgZAsBYADk5HA7BsDIAAHogkzUPgEzpd9OacuQAA Owkheupk+yKUMowyBNlsPIe5TQhBselmlTR3DvBnClKNjDGkpS8Oyf4fclwzCCFh MV3W5TtWwE4HgIr5HzGRYkZXgpms7xvSQ0czxSymj5HyZ65RaYO8YeOts4ZNgCxL ggZZeT67jcO5oZfTfNVz0bJaJ8UwrgADBGCMAAA8R6JVIzf6tOPiBA5BrKcJgSOJ gvBi5WmtaacWlIETgnJWSbQ1H0iHZA4YpjHGYtdBqfMQPfHrOYlyEq0kthqBtY0j 3GgABi5DuwLpbHAODjpMZKojUX5xj9NI/zmDlHUaYJRoQAW7ZDbAVAfAdkDeAAAO gkhf8MsytpbgeFHAcA0BpRDD6HpXzoYVZ4ABajDGsAAMYiPM+DO1kcVAgsDnmNzB 3S58+N1mH4zsqjn9WxH6OibgmXF5mWy56f2XzWRwj+cfyjVEJJEYGMMcwYmRQClT 6O1+3SKUs41aoICwFz1hXCgSUI4R8Fj7igZr6q+pK4lRyNMapshmjQGqADtMMjoM VOjtVCru4u5gKAMEMAdgaDEu9AVgAAMtqCWpKCOtzj/PmPooSutCDIiiWB7GPi4o pgsA/hcIPsjhTBAHxhrhwjTQQwRmQHqC9gbAYpbHMHFl4KPPdjTuNmjiOgcgxtSv HQLjLt+AAA9AxggoNEpL0wLOMjlD/QnNVkIl7HlQpusQgwrDCubwrj+L5KDhtBsm sBKBOMyIqi5iWIaiWMAq1gAGfGgAoglmgB8GkI6H9BvMSjRtjvvJpmdukCWQACBA FrRPQEMAXAUmzgcOmgAARAPnzgCtJuvi7q/vAwtD7MgigrcPWhSBCAqFEAGEbC2k 0gAh1FTACBYuFgArIrmgagfuhh1k4hPhav9rELFGTN3gAAtAiFJA1hGrDFSFTFel fgABHA2lHCxjXFlFYOCNdsGjmA9BKuhJPIPrYIDDXReoPhEFhgAArginKuUpUQlx JxwPZQsxwj7D/INkpB3h5DTBZBbIYhVhXhZO4DhkJmpR5gbAYJHOiiOhtBuqlORt yDCQ1K2trx8NrsrAAATASlJP4sAiVCmqbtdRyDji4i5hDhQBilRlSiWxag6gvAeG kwqKJCYBfLDABGtB/gLHhB9gpsDh6O2JzF/gtBAQRrMLFoCOIuJhrhvEXlqlrlMr YBYhCghFiqnD2AIDcpuyIwcl8hkBpIppWJXGQAmAcHzgigXLwgFErhGBYGDSaj+L NAygmi9gpAgi9ssnkKBiZSJS1xxPoS2GQudCYickEuFhbBevMu1l/vwO3CMvxNoQ +irwzR5lIASgAAMAKmMumjEgWsrl3MBh/IuuQJLM1S3jsyKAASLSMRqi2rYFVFWA JgHiMACl5EYMKgBhzG+ABBjKwxQm+SUSVAqRNiqDTB7pKhyhzEcglA7hcsyzKD+M jhOA7xVgig5GXt9FMs2DFDGAADHDIIJuMRlDNjOjPvGSvD7JkAzAjD1i0g2hMiiz jjCLYAqAePRAhgYjXO+HLDzTDO5oKwkx5xvzKz5IQRxz5lNOMAEKDAABjBii/hUI Wv+Bvi5wzy+qVtUqWnGHHHIGzgUASCUAPtvQIuRNBouz4z7C2FOFPFQFRTNj5l0m AAupTqGqPTEGMh8BlFriFyfB5lPTXiIyWGnEhpxpyl/hdhlopsiIPxah1h4C7xoR flgFhFiD0lgT3PSj6rTlBBOhVhhlqFrFNLYBGAxnHAIgHEpAIFDhTBjkZ0fiXrYA gAXohyrSsErrsibAFH0jzCyljFgPcUjwcUL04nQT605FMwuEpBxBxKvBIhNBPEFk GiWvyj1gXxCgAPzGMlGq6AMgLlgNKuOCzSHl80LU6i3gXAsBMvGoAUoICBdhHAlA AANgOgPiRByE4hxBYJiB5B4n7AgAJDch/gOiEh+ApCStW0Yl9UJl+l/mAmBpjSbD LBLg2wGguhFBpGQneHfHgHhHiHFxu1Ji0tzhsBvEcnoHpGQQhgqAgJZLxNEgAAyB ErDBwh0joUwUxSrqESsiW0zCZk0mKKENPljDIDfjgr004VKV7j+U6V8GDtfNAjPS SFpiWAMgMIhgUgUgTDfEBCRH5sHV9pMRKgAUcmQJkAhgTDPBvBtmsR1F/gDkJAbA EnFgqAW2EANA3gzC6P3jlPUiVC7k/H7AuhBhdjZpprexgAJgHCMHclNJYJZJaJbD 1JcpdqezojODPA1BDhavNJqPOBPvPAATEDINHhuhzNAB/B8E4uRjPKgiO11ruGeF tnjiMLxINjgoNqPRuuYylWHW1jj19W2Ryv4KIS5O4EJF90KLAQq23oPtzgYgthOV MreFzjwi5gMAHyAC1gLyjgAA5A0g4JFgai9h7R1Vbn3lBFaDoQvhvAAAsBCSMTwF zypnz2dWllthUBASh14rQrhz4W8jCPUhQBZjqMomQRrliAjAajvAG3dCIoup0HSL oO/jPF5CKWwn0CQlFDgjJKPE2KOImqzoPW9XojT23XpXq05QKrSicsgkeWJGD3Bz DXDC1AEnBCWgFHigmsFAAAnAkgjGii6JKpx1dAABZhiGsXZmDrNCWQgD+MppHAVg TzCjHjXD3iQ17DCONsvswsxzepjxgTsj1gUATnHRitKR5i62tKgzpC71uoOxzisN JispvEIYDQLtJkgtCiNWh1oEhgAmnjNFMXrCX3qYY4aQtD/MuDJiQmmB4k/hqhsi igng9hfYGGQAtAVkXgKByCehqgGKBx5gDH3jNwoIagdgbgaMCAmpsgRARgQFcu2K gkfqyDTA9hMSMXRmDs0MzFMwhgxAmnKgNgNIhs4iK4VJwjNJxgzhCR44zi3sjgmg bGMgTgNFtoJqnGMj0trNGiWimEkH3kkXhjhLux51HQqOZwrABNIh/Brk+ACBnVjB /gIGIAIDXNJCIoBiBALK9LsiFAG4Cj5CMuNmoIzlBYYU5YZ4a5cOHQM1HRGkrkVi VlOIpigH9B4MNAABnBpjZBqhvEfhqh6YumQAfAQCcg8gHG+BpB9CMBhh6iIB8sIp AGdqzARAQ4ugsVaKYgbYri6iO4xAAHRDTAsg+oXX9vorNLOEP5EPRllqIVniXtzh aBgv9vXvYmEDcAAY/mMp+sLCc1100Ft01T2NrXdQk3nIvulEYCcXn5Ky2GNgBhkn 9B/BaGXh94MgCmUiWB9GJB7LzisNbgF1XLmh9jlAHAKjIB6U0H0FtlimMgBtPh+s L4ViPYXPBZaty5b5c6kGQj/LvCZolkUCKB5KyEbp2BoBqP9v8v9h0h2E4k/EZsAi 0hkh3AVYiGDhYgci7gSgDDLBqTUH9h8CVh7woS9jLMApCKPAeREAuZzV3lYB0k4A ABhBnBwvXPYRwQXgAIdpRgKgIDgwbXoSlkhwdgAQetS0qkrgqAfpZAQAIiVtDIl6 HDfKDq8NrAIAKHFjgEpIyyRS+4WF8sejMDNZ+tMtJkxkkAChMBMGdBs3NABMKh/g BMGtWC0h/RGiXOWjNmJAEKeh9gJLJujn0h+3dgHK4B+5Th8sKgDgHkpNICFNIw+m njCir4Wkh7Xj6aj6k70IkDjZeNJwJAABxBx5rr7AAEZDoBkBmDqauqVPhR5CbHFH h6XIKgABFhZGwX8POBYgXC7gKIHo8h8kkBXAEDLBmCkOkkYR5vxO35x4ugugrGiA WnIp1a/AABOBZjZRZQrJkUhT2FgRj46Jejapfil5jhrkX0sCmkZEZ2srqEkT03ig EAFmMgGgEDlAFBvGDAEuwaaDIB+gJHMgECKB9pcTSk2ic04ZY7xah7YPBGQQMkmp ewBhdPYhZ2kgAiLtnK0GnC1B9bhDa7iRPCM7jh77k46iIgNHz6Xjch5aZKEbqZTg BcoCDJJCDM/ExsKk1iKB/8nImIzJLuN1J7z705cpNLYhbH9Bbhj3NTrCW3QgAAeA YHzh0BvEeIZkfsSmDaviXoayjjgsZiUAYyD0HYugOK3kx8Zgpg6EFUOlzhEgUCIA rAPohgJD0k+gn1PhZhcYhhdhgOhB7oZmec4VIHjGNghgekPgpgmuJh6M+AAAwhCQ R9ducLYBbBEgjzDAP3cqDtFjLl8EkEVEkCNlBB7M/qxB5EfhxhgkeZNVjAHAHjXA EaYCWAI5yDI74k1BqhpsUgFFYB/vSVoc7mJ+AiWALMc5TgAgHDgh/lDh/FDgBKIK ecYNWmnzAox7XVJETB/y1NVB5iOgBBzEXgDBsn9B/hiaQd6ePFmiWaMkmbgC15X5 YaL82ZLDCh8kUNKS1CWbj+GlYeFkrh5gGj1gGXyAAh4ieh4gClYAHGJB48BAFiTi BAQHhOVizIxaLiWdI9JW39KJON2FNXv3C3DtnDLMW1DAKYIATHHRDpTogrQbQNVk htxjm4MhdhjmsaBmQ3vhVgZnhAGAP4ugGgvgrE1T9BhBg0mhQBUBWkbqTQ1CWHPH CHHgXHKgpAkyhgBm3gAN7t841PZA1AhjlAugLkMB9AHNrUrYUNnaTCsTSJCCKB7T 9d+mM7skpB9tPh4BqvWh8BOhRDmrmCWANqegCAHbTgLjgh6BxFTAF4osJEiOsj97 hHBilR5+itECZB8EJchoU6VaWAJAR1Rh0/T1DB+7O+KZTCQ+Ljgh+PSABk2CAAAA AMBQKDAFzuoAAJwOQAAFwOKHuqHP97PUAP9xumHgMBxkAwaRSOBAIBR+SSmRAGCv 8BP+VSWCgB/P6YyJ9P+QgeagB8yaRgYEgYAP0DAsAAR6vMAPN7viRgQFUh3AeiAc LBcAA4zmaBgwHRl9vqMz0DP99gB9AECgB6OtxTCb3O6XW7Xe8Xm9Xu+X26gHAABx uh4ABHqZkgBQrdr369kMOtwAC0UicACgTCQAC8ViYACMQiAAA0GAwAPt+PzT6myz aVPzUAB6vd7gAuH5ZABjtZ2Y6bokUO0AFQW54Dl4qgAEAcDgAFgoFAB1u3hJpPqY AMpoNKivu0gMC22RP3vAAJhMIgAkkIfzQEBgAGNEL/ffW6CsGOAAGYIPQAAyBLTJ EBqhpiBYCI+d4DggAALBCD6Rnwdx5MuAiYHwbZtJiCACAInwGgeAACgEsgBHi2oA o8kCSJMlC7p+goCtg04CLafTYgWAKYH3GqRn8ArmxEoh/geBqig0DaaHwqAHAUBK MhMEqBnsc6MmqbyBHkqCdKhHQEIyeJ3Iyd8KKSj8dJInS/Ramh/H6haTr0liMpev IAn8kKRJcuSRKBNoAG+2KRAYLAvQaIggNOe58oFPK6LeuL7UlSdKUrSy+gNTIAHS dLVEIUBcMUxlLryBgEo+XxKCoAAShBJLww87zVH7Wi+n/W6fH0shiGc/QsD/UNLg 0CUvmKGs3v3QwEgRL8aw9ZkgoMV5aVCVJYFqAB7nqeyBvDMyCnyfFGPAtobBgFwA HIer0lAXZx1JSZDAqZ4ABICD0wIojfKcsgMQIyZ8tcu4AgisIAnqqB/V0kcUo+f9 a4bFeGT4g01ThFy7RhEUZx5G0cTQes1AaDoOIEB0vgBLSMn62oAH41x+rIAAD5Qd jCn/RaO4xlc34ilWLTQkegLliy8TZUk5n+AiQnofC0nAej/H2EwVs2QA+5WtJ/n5 N9cLrSGKXhsWx7JsrAJCwbCj4SpdgAWhkHLsrHCYHEkkcOAhucBikALDs4JmxzYN Up6oDaRdQ7fuNLuA4Qjj2OYAAqCMngNb2zoHFQEScABomiawAFEVZXAAbZtskliP 0zG0bu6tIJAesJinQEIAHMdyobkvI3AeaIAB4C0QwHAsD52euuQNBAAA8BEGAgA9 kH2uXWT+kYG5Qect0EkXj59iuIRVh9kIP8Hv53oqU6OuYBAIgp+gn4OXpJmKBHu1 UzIEAqQgCeDapr8SjWwsSJW0RPLQU9K1fuy5nqKi6PnUq+kgQ0x4oUHMAMkIMw5h 3P+DUGhsh5n+L42B3MI4SQlLsPEeijBLirGQAARgpxoQmUoLQQoPgAAnBKCI0YCy kADeS5cvityYD5YWNYbiVQjBxFiqRUxHxfiRCcAACgEwJAAWWs1vqBjoMpHmUwT4 pBVAAGEMgZSuTVFWQ81wmx5C0kLI+L0cZmoZEGPwfoLYCR3nOAOW1ABpl8kjeITF 4yb5AkiBcBoCxAjZkPAiBNoQ+luGyRRI0h4IQNEZHlHktzXR5mFAAPhZD81smqAC PktL/iSPcfJAthyjnjv3gMXQAyHjRsoJUANfRIn2ECfiUUsg/YiEDfsAEfab5UQD IFA5O0AS8PhZ0zyZ8ISHgAGMtpyIIwVAABkIMP0vo1j7UZCEuEzI5zlnMpcEATxK FuHu/+c5vm6JJEEGUHB5gJHpWYl8jzOy+OCWyksADhnENwVIHgKztAuhOB0VsBxp irFEJM4CZKuDmHNSAUQXIuz6LWFoAAdQ6R1rdPEQaNgAB0DxOaNUehomxx1ABHeP IC49mylNHqPiATRoFAwAGWhBh5gDnIaMfpOwIRVAuPs/wAyrFFmDUqXJJGCSOACD IFBDwGUjTSPSNpIkySYk0PRZEwR/yQIFKAgQ9FuM4dwXNoMzmI1uYKQJUxen4gBA rI4AADJ+VgIzJ2XhclwkjmAWQAb9nqEHH62GVCbJjkpliXqZ0sIAjfTyUsjAHQyB dAABEI4TyfD0IwRmoKj5xzvtNadSQcxHi6VEY1S4KwQFhCaDaRwxhlDhjEOBgSlR UCBCQAAGAJQKGjAckZypbYgN+IHRIgQ/SbABVqTUmyNy0jVG2OYAESYlrCWIAAWI iAkgAAlPc5wCUnrOL+UAqZ0RwjftwJgUApwADWG0NsotznMPtvwOgd6HqVUsMdS4 IYAx4gAAwAa3dNiYx9pyUSQpBgG1DLqBQoRo69VMsJUuwYAADPRKKAw5uG6nEClw QIBCZwM1SAceklYHapRTJiP4eZZJSlMH/VojI4bcSbIFWIi+PSoYiH1gmKSDC8y9 xOQMIgNyH4wxljQfONscAAq6nqTNZ6wlkrHJEflgHcYeucd/IbDLEl1sbVCALQ1G oqG8m4AA4gFIhBuHsPbMwJIMH68cf5PZxKRtRn/QBeRvjlN6EENQqJ2TuN9E0AAl w2tVJEIgVR+hqjgTKpIL4SQUgADeFSbMVD0gGAcWFvpKB34FAEPLApIh/AOeCBF4 JBjUJvqQf4NQh1sOJVIHQLIMAAaZ02A9IpyjmN/Lyc86I9qACrFgLYAAvRfDAAAP EezLaSHlF6OUyxeLYFhB+CPAoBBmHcwPgmmVWCR4MeFU85zySVYRUcQIDwCyiYjK bkEAxBcR4iAEW0AcwbEthLRYYkg/t6EjAG68h+KSHgfQgAGq5GQDpGAEA3dmrMZk CHamIkdXR/jfuwP8d5wiBr6l2XWwIAQMAZIGGEJpCwDlIH8Pm0I9pwtRR9xnGpGc p1cQoP/K5I6+K5IzWRl2XiBZgH8d+wxPboEwzOQ8uTEZUMdAAM0fZtQIAsBkZsOb kB89hvusjPhKWvEqhFoHtXayVRELII8Uox4XQwVIGAIoHT1A1AqWo1gaRJjV0SfU HIKrhiJDQDZBoFIqgJHAfoCA0xpkZHQlUAICsWAHJmwEgXmCaAm02g0+A9j0O1Hy twIIbzcj0napRYaXxWiFCLFI88OykXomari8yXwBAL72MMXuzhQCoFbR4daYiPEF 0IQW/5I9GBNBeSEIwOEpAEcqdkYQxSHjXSwCMBs/CDbqwggUkWD5FPH/ISMF4JzP V5YcNwhxspfy033MEAQ9caRZTgQNXFQ089lJSH0NUsih+iyKM304UACAayMwuACx WIEri4gLaxua0SuIyHGuwrySeZcNc5Oe2ZgxokoACksIexc4k4o4srkQELw5w4wZ kIOyi54q2IM486CJE6Gx8tC5Sf4JGH4VOKCw8HYHkP8GwAOI+BMDUDicig4qYUYV uJa6WtETS7OYqJg7S7ZCs7Yn8HGHUMK0M0Q9U0UMc0YE6DiBes2Aq7wFMFsGcAAX aXeN88GuGEADABaK2NIwMFgVCAkHUHQmgsifGTOR6H+AMJQAS/kKIHoBEqqD4G+U ZDa7q7uAADgC4B6vEAgNMOWOaoiJiPCLaAMOWk+2qAAG4G6G+mo3GAAGQGYGW+IT EjQNOPKds3QJEAwAeUYCKCBEoBKBGNENSNUHAFcbaH6HaIkXsxY/C4uLm/O3ewkB GCqCOIWBAPgHwHsOiAG9UIevqIEGohiACAsuGy2KKHc1Q/sIew0/kzGJGT8T8NY6 eaEgQe8lYIElmKK3yIGqWJGfqrkOiKSuY5QdxHIH+mDAQKRAwIeKmIEAmSfAYPSA DBIJWxg+ZBSLvBWIMyeIfBfAkJIq6H8GyMkH7HFHsKI5U5Y/ZAqN6He0GAAHYAyA 8AABEEKECisAQSeH0oA6oJ6H8z2Jiz2bDCrCvJ+z+VoTe7cAAD6EwGGtbEe7wDOC k18HWHmIKCcDsu2Mc7s7wCyB6ZKAcAquG1gRCAuHQ45D24QH2wKH8usIEZsI7AiR Gl4a6KeAAP0IEB6G05ZC+Uo0YFiEKCEAAA6A05YuKSMASc3E8ObGmNqHUHYjyGUG aGaN0Gad6HIHMSqW0tCJSTcyIIMA8A25YAwvGAAA+BIBGs2AcKQh4NMuLEuAWSMH SF4jKHuGYPo3WVIkCBkDkDAJoAtDKw4JmzGH6GoO4AEGW+wH8A/NGAGA+PSZYOaA DGyJWHiIUZSS2Hsk1HyZc4IJkRZH6/8IFO4JWzKH+gsIEesxIX0lELuH+HchAleL oeS4M3rHuZpINIJISIfAbNIqtAi4mIXBOrzIkLs5xIsH+GEGYZcx0KS4cIWBu23I qGE8iGmGgc+AmCU5eBADFNwzyTeJeJseitHIrO5JyJtJ9KBRInOiELUPKHKHSTEC EDYFY8CUm0YFQD4B2LcH4OiV+WCL3DgP2CM721GSNK4uGA2A0Pg8sQYAKWYJIkWA Ax+o8OEAMGyhiH2GeG6uWNUH0HeKYJEEIG4IkEkHjN2UtKsAADyDICIik4UHcHeM KGyG2SwG6HCbjFTFW42ZuzcJWTipKASOeeUZIeUAwK0BqBnDK1gLDKIO8ncWWOan zDqKQ1ELCHgGqc+HQFsGEOkG6c+j+L4kCkGwMp4M+CIByIEBINEH2AiZKAKAwSSH 6FwVCAEG0MbBCkuH+HMN7OLOPLKJIriH6AIiqsKTEH6HoJCAEHOI4H+G6Q0gUIE3 cenO8T8JSqAJg/5O7A2Q8H6AEJsAGH8Jmz5WgJSNY4GYmmSfKmgLq3dIq4O3sAXI VASrkTPPurintP4X0NKrOP8H4FIWwH+HON6AHVEKSCdTQH8HeTEHmE4o7Uyc+A+D gDYikB4CCNOVwAEvwJUudDAJvRHRKz+GwG6TEHcHmQoGsG8SqBUBE5YBWBI5YAex AbJKEVyLJKNKQMWtcUs26AAHCHSIxLuL49bNIKISaKIDICdDoB8BkQgAah4KS/wI OMCIeJCJcIK37WvFCADTkKSGcO4OoTEHlViABLpLs9XRjB6EYDGM0pApCHe1PFE8 aWyZy+OaEzcdQnsQYBeBSqrF0NEBiBhDKAyAykSKWP8i6P82qKg7CKgOYS+WgZmq WfYI+JOIKAJT6H6XEAAHOGM+wHeHOUYHgGjFWAMHqOEX4waLrOSkSA09KIeH0a6A kSMrskc5Ek0aWIWBw66yo0uuaAKRCf2KYADOgJIAMNMH/MGJIGhMcH6AULCAIAhA zHumCJ8JtICtClEw9WWR8NdO4TvagTrHaH+AKJQ+qk+UZHaJU6iVIe4ASWiubHqJ E4Td2ANH3Pqx4AAGwSxPDWIB+BrVINE52HqFaGMAAHcJmA4D2D4REApG/CkxjYrI mtLY2hkHIHSwKFIFshiFMFyGwdqduLrZ8FOEGCYAABUBIkuiAUlROuoABRUTECgD qiWdsrXgeJS1418DeCyyZExae3iLsuU2K4wKYHyG0SwEKFHUuEwGXS3ZsPyJHFoU ZcgJiAiAgRCAoAq72BzUIMmBWBYXqBCZKXINOmCV0LIukNWVmVqz3W0b9ccIGh/a dCmJgQ6Q8ADJnOuLIHyHAuwHaHAQ0HaGO8AHwHMMkJFdGJEBKi2BI+qH8l67NPEl qJJPk8rIIqWACA0uGgbVsIyOmSyhBfDE+AC5i82JmAaiqT1eIH+AgSMT6HDSsH+G 3FKLxe6pmfu3/jFDBJ0UvfMrYaJHeJSeSggIzkZPIvKr+ypJSH8Bc18AqDwDwRFj aonQ8L1Y1hiUrgiwKMOMTZoVIEmDihsCqCJDoh8TPmaL7jGXEUYE6FcMSECFCd7m kLmE6DxYiCQB4qqb7jiMDhKL8HwTU5oKgB6DIFBg1hgUopdiYpFNAA4SSBGA+7xU HDKXPi0AVSUNQNUO8a1gUZ+VxROJXnvnEL4cvjgKLXQIEHmHYOEHiGkd6H6HkIxU kP0AYHwNqBKHw1WNZO+Jhe8JQ4O/hWqsFfYINfclSJhkgkxS2rQIFELPKTsuLPGi qH9bvHkOaH8Fo2cAI5Hl/h0JiuUh+YQTkJnlsTmT1e4TwTTMyJvlwgAzWYdkY7Me 0JIGqHmsuCiCkQaC2C2Pro0LnmjnaL2hQhUhY7mhihMt6t+B6Bmdpnq2MiCVxhQH qtAAACADUjDhfr2JJZ8F+EuCyAAScKIuOcw+9CjqEMDE4vyWymCEoFIPpnVnZiSP 0B0Bg5YCWCNYiMqMsA8A8kuKKJs2UYSYho7soINtHfgOiHyePACIEGqGyKSFcFWI zX7HKX0z5q0TPq4T1rWfQfap7p/HRW/OygSfyJvkfIOZnJEB8g6H61WACFoNzfFu 66drGLKIzeZqSACHa1WUvrAiCwSsWTi1YzcTYfWfbnuy6JoPIJGZCJCG8AIJsA2D MDcAAA0Btf0dzr1t+JTr60br+EwFg8jZ4nLZ8GAEsCts1T7s7E0L5nI7FnPnTnXw rhk16AADOCi189yw4W9E0cvE1hwuWypTYAAGcGe8iGaGkGpfodMAAFOGdlGUtR4E eDdEpL+72SdIIJpxaPsJ0f0a9HvbWAIEwExAqI4ADfTLWJALlq2dxrBJ06iLYloK BV6xImHwGT2JuKAMAlagCh/L8ZcCeCgREGWGIJoGDFW2JLc4KufwGAABBtw81ctD 4iDrFqxlsUlv3s/quLrXEaCHe7EHhE+BGEWEdgPkqblwpr3wuhWhbw1w5bE7ZhmA ADICbi0AbqXs7nx0s/2ePrgIwB+DQ0RsmUvTIBwBOOiFCF8OEN2N7bGVQVUAAAvd aOVSVMCxIIKKWW4GsGxuSGeGpuTTokkKgHqHliQIEpOpSpWL7ZuDECCLCBBzyNKK Qruiq1AisvNsTyqUkcvEELaHqFkF4JpvUAAQ5uyIfXZHkPFcqJXrHv5TxvhfvHou YsKUamKJuaSTrHTH7fCAhH2rMLckjpF0IJVkmK0H/MSIfupvwJvzk/ysP4jveT1r KVtPERTAiaDprAAYkHhcrJXJaBYEcEWhl1HY2F4GPuSDkEi2l17ge0YFsETGfSIP hXYvPaYL1jGNoNqFOFyO4DwEwjKUvR4DNR8JGD2FFFL6MPsB8BAIKEqEECv2XG8A BFIP0tsXoGwG3SsISIUW0kiINidMwJiGSHcmzw6JJZutmkcBOA0ltWY+q1gQYAur u9kiqOgSen33pvuKANgLSH1laIyGYd66yNqAOGzgyAYAQPFO8rYzLurh1AKmF4fY xq6TobD5gIzLbB20Uh/7YH+HI8p4gYZq8yIaTdnnGwTe15N99H6iyJ19gpqgOTeG psdQnQrQutFtDqwUt59RKtUtZmwbHZ8YKKI0rdwPrTJElEozvEu2LxML2n91wAAC gDsdH++VIEiDNNGAwAoRCGsHKTftUVICUIAJXIAAuEQcAHa83oAHq8nmAIhEYlE4 oEgfBxOJhKAIyIgA3HSAQAgVC0QAKxBByaNgnHA0CIpEQIBgKAAUCJgEAgDwAEYv PZ1NgUCQAA6NMaRSaVS6ZTacAADUYhUgA/3/SqpVgAAq5VZoAH8AgHDHU6q243PU Go2QADGcyogBAJEH8/rpdokAX7V4mAQFVQFfIkCAPFHw+ag/pFVbxT3+A5EAcVgL 5Xa3f7y/5E/wVYwCJA5VWu46g9n1T4g/8DTstErrqL7k4lqqu/QcEqKBrw/Lxh9L p8ZYH8/QA1Xm9QAHTIXQAFiQUNh0aU9HW4sF0ux2aa5HS8QAPDMowA9HvxO1FAYC bGkzOJomml06wAx2s7PPEPTY1ihSFyQ0DIAAcBoGqKAjPKop66rsfR9n2ABcmKtg xkQX77qSlCDkSMoYAABIEsKNxJGS4pwHlCyJBWBhwAADAHsQiSxL+4bGogCYJgiA ARg0DQAA+EgRgAHAahmAAQg9HiopEeB4u8UxbmgAAUA0uaFIWpCbpgA4DphDzCp8 g8BwIBShgAAq5MuzETzVNaIH7NwAHyesaKSAoCr+AQDNSfyrsCkU8LGA1AgAAgGg sAB7m2agAH0UhVKKc5zAAmixtg17hIorp+rmop+Ii17JMWf85qgzFRKqyCIMs1qI n5Tq8smf4HsKAIIpaf5yLSAJ+OuibaKVVa71SzFLJiAIBpqqzzNcvDLNeyCRH6GY bKqCECAEc50ogeZ3IgcFIuCuriOM5AQj+PgAAkFoYqqrUkzYpDqOtd95wS15FFCY YAEYU8oXoJgcA2AAphwg6ZpqO5OG0ABzHcfELDAIoOgAOIthyACdoPDyiK5NLon4 fdOuO5AvEAWj5vregAEQNFph+F4LgAZhtO8NpHmFlMUxXFrERiAAQA8DwABmGAXA AFQTSAFGkAABqfn9VtDnvh0FAAw7ESYh51HY+yFOQfuoS1LkPwCBgGKEBSbASmAD APPMDLHjioQRlO6WKrp9HrBx5nmxB/n5ZU2zeex/MKBQBMQo1KJiBIGJgfB8QchJ 0bSogIAKCAAHsY5jUkdK0nydVsgaex7qgfOHIkBgDUpYCJstAwAH6f0HAGfVRojU E9IpQR/zsim/ohqC9Kuf4FpgvJ69Qvym18pNgKisdk0wzHYUXBym2IqYShCsAah2 iB9Z4a5sIgadFV8d7jgAeDCAADZCkFpgNBBdir3durxurXn8brNziDnHYQs8B4jy OAQsfkAB7D3AOQEAAZY2D5CIFUN+A56gACtECD5IoHmJALAYAtSSdW5GLXqXZqwA BdjHG2ABCaFV6IYAAJwO4P3KAAC0IAXCJETJrZyAAIoOkgBEB+98FwLAUAAAmBJH BElWnEQag4qz9m5gAY+p1qTDh3jwHgeMerpSJNqcKmMABODCpabcWJAqB4SP8jYs UqTVItFjH8Pc7z/iJtPeuREAQBCagEbaAAA5UhsDchWMAY6+RwjnLSCIEL3AihFC QRwD79B9D4HseMeJyB+DkGsmUdbpR4DuPsA8cpAx8yhYub4pABUtltAnCAiY83UF dV0rwf4BDFmWASpsfZfHgR3WYx10z13lq+dyUh5pTHWowmE9gu0tSqy4KgCMD5EA DNmIm1sqo4zSRjTyO8eJDx7gYQABwQIfkym3frCN/i8X9xtXm1Qe88wAB+E0MUAA oRbjXZSxBiQWQigkQ6AgogWBAC+YWw1CwdAsocC0ERIESUcMaTQdmKpDJ6BcD8LJ k59l6MrWmEYGrEhnjbW5C1lIshFBPAADEFAGIQk1cShZqjIFOuPMQPsfRwCIgFUF GZQcaABuwfvPCoxTl3RRcyPJBw9x6OoJiPt04ABvTcABSUarVR4omG4OI0g9R8mI AWlp2L4YxgLhAEUIMGgdg0B5GMBBNR8j9MKAIArpR+DyNPVJhwBx3LcHoOwcTVRz rcAwO0dr6x0DlImBADDAQFjsLMPUeiViIgQTOoNuEaHivHAKYuXpUB9l2M0/t4Rs lTKkOzMkp6zZgtyeiAEviljXj9AMncJwUytjRGYRQeTDh/1WADHwAA7rKFgBchwC gdg6qSqHOuordJ3VHbpUpr5xBxDoPsEINgrDxnlTZAgVAfHvgXAqS0WgxRvEjJKh YHIKgKAAESyxFgFr4oCQJUONRsKlD5p2g9CMLEKM4JTDGGcgFBB+E2MgAAtBkWMT Wv9gIggyg4iREquBMKZn3aojN2NqSImQL/fqdl1MTIWTqTUqKeRzjgcmNmQgABrD fLYNkbY3AADzHgia4CHbMlLb9AYFAKojhPCCEY5oFL4uQVcUuO1M6+EQeSoMdqkR /jxssRABA2y2DwsXKlF5MbMFzACA2WD1Zf5oOIAEfR5sQHnmKas1ExyI2sNjGsqo Ck8gCCRW8f41b1j+A+kAAQ2p+AAG+QMx5IhqDuO8CAIgRV0BjDGVCEVSrospunid ukdnHsOntPifWh15z+AAGsKoNAADnHgXYJwdhYoWhgJYNmqgIZKJ6BFzBhK6zLKd ReLrpQ3iMFzg3B7KaQAApExIcg7VO6v1ivQXIiggo9A4wEBsDSaYqimdipRSNM6c 3EUtdxci5gGfaPUeclxgjEnwMMYU+B1RZaq48otz7huKNTL86Q/azAPAkbgJIP4a AvBWusiUdo8FbuJwspEeyalIpmtdSI/JSudLSAIeSJgCV/LaPYhYAWxxjMKRN4AA R8zEVK7fcnKypzNXpm8qoB8VAaZgnAvADiYXBUiAO/yhy8Da3oBMJQTQAAaC+Fy5 xc9MbdXnpvca77rPAuyfYKAddYsMqgieBAnA8aSEGJ9zg1US6ywKhpDl5iW8BRxB 9tGGzpX9v+NYbhaQjBx2ivMDQEiYCtELpJtqecFYMwdhA6V774hfCES0DgGWYAaA wBUoDmExlE7h1HzDdalKBTztsiAAy/jhG+OE+YyhmgAGMMxKA7R1lmIkUYuadVNq sK0PysLgeSGFHw1AfRfJd+zIoPdqBYixg6BkhwIYNq3gOAe5jKJSHZ5NVSmYsDIH XfUlYTCO0TJ6APG/CsA4xZ8AHHmd7kXJX2xUPMPZhyxt9eZ5aUr6jvZm2fKgPFvp qx//WXHEjopnwMQMC6Dpy6R/T+BeieSegTwWAZa9gk0A4p7UwKAHpiQCQoIDC+xA JAZQb6g+7YCejYbYrwplKhihyiAADZrZ7WAprxAAAKgG4mAixAhgxphsogi84AAC hGxpitEDj4ECEIA7CmYBBMiSx0oZwaIaYAAaAaafgagaqTpJg7z2BMsDrOoo4vQ4 jT73AE4EigQB6JJKMLoAAcI7iFAW4W4sBQSsbkomJNym54AEwDpgIIQHg/oEQDpi QiQ04xAAgfb95/D7z8D8SQD8ouIzyP4AIfaA0IIphcIy5Sh5ZMrpi2QvrNorZSj/ BTocCyppgKwKoAAEwKwLBXpdsAhNjqERo+6pURY4hvaS4IINIU6hLrcRqGAOgKBg KBhAgCrXC+w3DbJAjwJCzuQ07ujuzvBlLvbvrv7BDwTBbYyxiGAlYloE4l4pLyoA CtBsyJInkHQlrMyECPkH8VUCCpTcxSQr6PYuYdodixIZIZYZyq4aSTobocSwZOI5 EKj2RU4zz273ZTsKhsqEADDgIAAGAGRopIQGQ5pHYpIZQYYYgAAUAVQWAAAcprQt rmje8cgiL4RTr35IIG4GoAAH4GZ76uIsZyERjOofqPIigBI8we8QEmIigfwAz2Ib CToCIZguD8g7xPBPIf5N4zRYUQEIER8SoqqXKzhVBYxZElwqAvYqoAosacAh4cr6 wC4MoNIAADgI4IkAbPB/EVMcqmg16eZ0sBcBokkB8ICGAMwIzyQBzPRAKBsXq+MD C+8DccZNiOwex0gAANoRaHMEZekEoAAK4IJ7jVguwawbwtIEpQxzLewfhBhQYr5L CQCVsbotqD0DSEAnDDQo8sz+Avwv4BQBZtElxBx8aFb1IaQAAagayTqUJbkN8jkK sH5XYq4fwfA05SY5sXonoC5mAIwIB75pQjcIgoiqSvZBo4QuxuIBSD4hEdwAATAT oUgAAa4Z4kwe52ENgpLfzMIiADwERIAJIHaDQDachqsRYqsqJ2aAyuyOU+BGEqr6 o4gBaNDiQbxhQCIaJKABIeg7wfy/4vMLE0kSTmU0qYqaSaA4LRYAB9I5ErJTsrcr sr8sLccss0o7UVhN6yg5AH4NAVEWjqLCQAAJgGhswA4Agv4BYAomABRasG4lsHQ3 EbLy8YgrUVs2QbIgYKQPRkyApNkFq+ZaYi5synZBwdyLQ8Yeg5AiRsMDRsyD4ogo YohDxLJtiNLEtD5lKpRuLFJMqP4eweqS4ZgZxKAYYY0BococxSMKSMZM4fgo6XAk U3gqp4E3EKgDYDg0IF5o4AAGwGkhgERn52I4ZODn7b46VMrdAwoYQXahAUIVqjgd begBptU3LIIqB2E8is6EAHwHqt4GYEoFaO8+484ARqAfxM9V0kFLwBocqCj8L8cQ yZRQVMIijOJ+0qcoaAwb4xYbcwBoQOYO7o4G0klDsA1XpNRqiE5JxKAPATAuCeEF sF8GIB5AgiUGgBsG0CxzEX4ttcKmKipekv8wIQAThzjUY7KBAKgHhHgJIGryUgry j5kdImp0h0pBqAyMBs5tJtaP5t6ircNaFEArT4jkjPZ5YcKrwAAYFN4AAbAahRUj A+1PzfB2FPIicLYwZM4EQEojYHoHUkjgwFQADgBzE1lRo09R5d5dwBSBgAAcYb5F YS07Nm4b6wc8AsYBB2EKk3B2KAwFQFgFgAAIQGxiwCwBBAgeCqRMq57h9V7H5VJq AiQCEoZOAA5tACYX0NIBAb69Y2B2Arko8IESQ2a0kogxZFbKR9QDIOwPFZdZrcVD 1hQ+6/w06nAAAJwOi7zsiHbUpiMkpFMbBMhLcGIoNJZi4n5towsvp/CpRBhBwcod Jbi7i71IwpEZbZQGbyQH9xIiUbMbdG8GqWAiJ2Qq70AkSnxPKoBMwuZuNhNvY89S J9qSoxAawbAtgXQYCfAcgcotL1j1wmSslj9PYAhN6E7e9lgB4ngFgFdlYHckYAAF IE5IAuQsaJoACJ8A9LiKh4AVwWIWqFAX5m4eFKQm1jr99T4exr5HMHAHoHqDQFAD 4jZqSnN+YA4vgfIxd/4iGAIiGAYpIBNL1sMNIfAbZhTMY2D9wqFBblw7NBjlh5kp y1GDAaarbHIBgwoFwOa5pdJddmVMEApeV3FaI16E6FKFalCF7AsXBgMGkzUgdK0z xsxASEFyVL925lNdZ0tdtd6fYtqC1eZHgHAE5tFF6YWGwnBi4nYnon96QnhQLbgy IqTEWH8U+FbIFhgrtMt2ghAd4d5mIZ82NNc2IbIbSFdjj2MKx4IrVT83BPsrzmwA F+574FrIg5La4ib9hqZN+IDccc5M85k7gaR8gUQU9E4bgbqCightDfIpKsAxACB9 oHwGskgGYGJaYA656uZVwe4xGAqQGAGASd4iIBgcj0gDAX4XYiYeBqGCApmCWCVC bcBWA1aY9BruJVAvMqa1RXzRo7weeEAAGEWEhdSdbcGLw89vWL486i7LCS4MAQIW ajplIPAKx7gHAFhAFcKEBL8z00NTsnCmSomaC6orS64ADqoAAVQXgtgF4Dou0y0l 8zAmsnAudxl1Rshswi5MU1USd2p5+dmaYpUIZMk5wAAdIdQ+QYgYxEYaIaxhQcwd AtL20Pqslb4qVPejj3DgA3AE4EqgQGLgwAAGQF4FotqBtl6sNmIrWhQvIrszQhwh 4T5RqBwYgY8qgsYAdLz+18AvlUQiULqgQKAIgJZFjxwhg3wfiegiWUc/UbU/oiIA 4fKS4AQZ0BoBaqwAVqY1AA0pSZg6J7OCI2TOuXuDbl4rwsYagdSxOZAwoEwNQONu +ZzcgqWE+QomOaWmo6RqlvoAAXQYxhWGJeaGARwNRIlcZdDDCMmgydmv6o7Tzewd od2M4dezVKKTRsGKOcdgiGpstFyP+Ml22hOhTpokTzlMxPL8pE2NJRU7yrLGzHB5 K4Dk9j2kGOlPt+cgU6oG9ZgAAHIGgF5IoECauMiE5VpTuy2wTOorW17zwYQXwYDB oWwXTRF4pDsDYpE3D3Y4gC8MIKII2poF4FIFJQYfg5AhJBwAQfSKys2BMNoiABIB QmofycCQAa5RQfaeh0BbIBU+AAanQpIA5p4oqQJTlXxYwpJ6SYBugroXTegiQFgP AP5IoGOlzNsgMopnsslZ+6RNSi4eRqQAAL4PzWI+ijxebZIJIHB+hjBDpD1dMcty 06EwCUBJYAAeUTt01TtLVgaoGdMTBO7X3EovorowhPIiQdIdZbgZ4aAk0nseQbtO VPiA2St5e344k3GKx90hwGIF1lckchgCcHV8Dn6mwxmDHJbOGm+gocYcI0lnYTtn qwYf4BBPNoUjoiCE4rgubIaI4KwIgJQAACoDpQweQd6S7KL6Ire+YierSS4cwdhE wCwfJEwdQfgv4AweQswfAdxEwBgfB0oBb/YiZ0aL2rPBYpB1eLR6Nrp6B5lroy4q EosoZ2iKYW/Hwb4AZAgKgOANWvXD5NuDD0FtR5z0ApOwPOK/grWwoYgZxFYLAP6H OGQg4UAPQIeyJHABfG9ylMOwi/9v9v4wZ9vIy4hnpuPaIps041Iq4bWSD1AZQZ9i wbYboACrY72j4zcLBN+kL280UzYwt6llYHQGxdYEiRml5Al3hRa/+6PeBemyYuoq 4VoWBkwWgV5kx3uoOoa0AvlT4upToD2QAJLI+4wHIG59bjZQ6p5OHIKPXShJYh4f odJbKvQxAB1LweScKO/FIiQBwfHf+VnVEbXVfAo4nA6nmA3WAiPWQvvCC0ovsoo2 cSoAZN/X47wc6pwAAIYOSdAEYIAHTesWqZjmAp3ZfZ/Eniw++IUwUwkaJlIP4L+5 IKwItpV6UYRQXircSpRqhv/MGQgqUqt2vZ3d/uIptMqLSLYTYUNE+NqFbcG3rPAx 4z0ogo4C6BuPeZQFllYDg/9RaJz6z7fxr+DzZQVSQAAZQYun8ikiweXKIreguogi S0KspxFLz5MkgJ4KI6E0iOg05KrKRqcnHH9TVCj1oiYBxPfH6swpIe/qAsHogmPo w73U/VwiHVRB3poovBHBT6QsCVhDtrvq6zS0QuwaIfaS4dAeZ0oE4KYKgAAEoKoK 5Q9Y4wQgABAQBAEFg0GgYCg8LAUNhcPgr0dbif8Qi0XjEZjUbjkdi7/kAAfL6fQA azcc4AIxxWMelwaCQIACxRBJAASCQRAALBIJAAEAoEl1DokZkEVg9HAABpkLpkEo tRqVTjlPha2Xa+AC2XjAkT1eoABFjlz7fb8AA4G41ABqNBigr+foAfT4fIAsz7ql 7vl9v1/goLBoMADqdDpACnViyADLYjHAD/AoDsQHA8XfT7ub+f1oE4kEgAKZMKYA EAmDQAebuegAerxsL+s8iftowzoAD+e74jD6ucXfG8i73ksH3XCiAOfDxhYMfD3h YVutiuULBAEpEGb7zsLbez2AAdGo4AArOZzvHPyL838Og9QyMGgXwh+U+mRpsSim A/n9oh+NmeyRgANxFFsABaGQcr/DoLIYAAL4khSAAIAgBwAAOAwDAAhqFP9D8QRD ESNoEhQFAWBQAGuaxsAAS5PlMAB2nWdSxLIf4BvsfrfoOfi0H+ywACuKAmAAI4ii Cui7LokilqbEcoSjKSCrGy6DmAWSvFMXZagAfCwAAAYDMuAr7rwpB+n0u4EAWBYA CgIwjAAHwfiGAB7no5h2nYeQAH64LXH08B7u4hZ/tmix/x83seINQDhuKiDjou5T mAue8+gUzSxRzL0dxUeh2roBYJgAFAzjSAAMhbCZ9vUf5+oqf7OScgqKqgkMSoKq EzIKgYAP07Mp2GqilMyvRqm2cyVJY/yYJkVpCiKAALAqCqdp6n6g2Jblu28jsURS c51HYABPFEU6TGua6fyCAYCKEANPxwyh+SXNK7h2HoeAALgrCgAAHAaBrXO/b+D4 QoddRPFJtGybYAE+UBSgAcZvnEyIEQ266hR7TtFUaAAThMEoACwJInJ2B83HYdNR HuALeAFmDXHw8B8tmAdP0TRCIUUtDMZDLzkIy4iLgoALoIOfB3T6g56AiC6CgjC4 MhUFAAAeCrUgcCsUgEAYC1tW9cWE+T7oJWSl2AiezYTt6LR2uZ6nuu8CwPBMFv7B sHwjCYHgfggESDDu4cNw7+KUnqZIOUhVJaXpfK9MtbSC99Pn4kJ7SWEgQBAAAyi8 LAABEEfPnseiwqVxHWW8qwFWyeuDFYUxWgAYRlmXLx8zXy14MjTt7LvkAAAbCwAC iIwlvKGQVzudc+nrQrNLQyaheouk0rxnqCgI3zXACiudLnQ+gZ9RZ7gKioEnqfyN gcf23I0BbCPeCGpIsA4E/cBQLc+BgDSKR/HuIQAJjpFknkhWC611qxizAAHKOkdw AAhBsFYsAe7QiprPAAtFaYFAJqlAam1bUB4GQnhQUNHJlAEOwAA5EYZMxbi7RkjR GzjCMnBN4WMmQWgrGlCGD8HZdIHl5hTEdKIBYlE/AIZQx4ykECuMYO0eZrYmEYUW ZkuYBjJgABcDAF4AAshKYAAEA5Qh5DtHgl5TafzeAFAaUJP5FTZNzUEAAAyYnskl LM+YgrOC0PjMi9wj6iwHADhwRgAYDE3D9dSUt+5CwFAYWuRoyxPgKgSbEAQAxelf GRgIhs4xDoFxIcO3JoZvA/CaGKAAUIt12FUAYAkygVAeGpC6ElrAFCcgAAiBECBl TLuFlNMWYxDzBGEG8N0cAABSCkFSAAbg4hxlLiamF368mQw6XaZcIQPgexiCmE1M IAyFHBLvMedRU0NIbAKhkvCAxbi6F6AAVZi48RdiuRqPqfk1AAA8BwDYAAqBJYAC kGYJp4klVi+4fQ9C0D3HqSUzpeiSl3NlHJQEcKNR0U3RM8BB5+kHe9BogsZ0rEZH 8AR+pBn9PukQ4wA4DyLyXABJlsU70fkhI9KWda34HF6gjBOCsFx6QZI3LMygQAXg YAAEUFxMgJAQTcBEB8wQLgVVKTgnUjEUwrp/WGYq4QAD2HudAUApoLjIGS7oAM1w CJPIMvQpbvEvKLBUClCbogpHhA+B2ssj3V1imKVaJVOZ4DwHUcwYYxJWjPGmNMAA 2xvTNi4ZQhbvwAKLn2osu06SDAPJwAAJgSAiAACQkh3aka5tuKan8vRwX3G1L1RK iiAE7qAjqmEshB43ELewQd6xIh7kKASAWijvwBRdAC2FL0ejrk+aWPw6F0WsgOqq TpJysqeEdp9YRb0qCRklD6JiGMr5YkGqUACplTqoEyAcAqURBpONiqtMECYEqaLV WuTwnxQITXgwE4YpS8ChQtJ8LaGcHRYpdm5Dx4FmD5Kfm4B4D7nwpBMCOAAGoNQY perNZtRZVsBrDKU2CFk8CEsVHIgsXwuCtDVGwuwco7FREHcHSkjln5hAAr/YAGIL QWgAB2D88gD2BNDtAwpJ8CY6K0KUP0fJFSzWzACXcfdxS6JgIsbKP1uS70xIWPiP QAB5QTH7LNMIArpEGutTYC4FqYMfu6UO7+JUp1BghBKCkFgAAtBCToMwRpKkQvrH h34ByyGDqrkgAF+SdIZMvgDPGlXWsLYGAAag0bJClFMKoAA4hzm4AIkGuKvSCzcR yUIJ2GgABSCaTZHdDkm6WRBWDHKfjqjUGsxAYAw5WjSGgNEkQ9DwGSxTjozCmzOF otEBIAAGLR2mB8AAFQLQWAAAYhUvFZ0mWsP9iQ959yBkElRYMuKtCrZSIrQ8ko+D Z1vwkRwAYCjKSzXiU2Yhfc762SkZx91ZzoDwHin0dA6h1gAHhwQuiiwDO/wNtqRg AAEgIJ9kgwgDONI2TJcqAm/uQOHcXwrgqLhOCjXUuzUuk65EPn6vgAANgbg2AAF0 LJpapzBdlSHkJQ7Dx4cHiA6AyhmjPAAMAX0MR6DwHeAAcy4ylpBsuRuLRka7AHAY imL8YQhg2X4CkGJoZzGUx4j4tG4oU9oKrqgqWdTI9uKoQECAPR1uJ/gCDQeEQmFQ uGQ2HQ+IRGJROGP+LAB9Pt9gB6vR6gB2u93gB5PN6AB7vh8gAEggDywEAkAA8HAy YAgAAcDgacgaXgIBgIAAKiRSjUekUmlUumU2nU2LQUEy0AAGrABXLNbgBbrVcgB9 wUAAUCgSEv8BgOqvmVvJ9vwABkLBYAGkwloACkVCgAPZ6vYAP9/P6n4XDQwDYmxg SzSV5gBiMdlABhsJigByOZ0gDB3CiWYDAW1RCVSuXS8Jg2bCsUCkAEckEkABgP3R /Py4PqMgB+73D7/gcHhRKBQTh8fkYXB4TSgB5vOPvbpQm00IGAsFzmdgACWTF2ar AGq1fk+Xzef0eio9zGAAEAybMZiscAKhXLSQOhz+7sRF8Hqj4DgcBwACoJgkAAJQ jCGsDcAAtiVvC9LCrStTEgKob2m8bpwMoZBmAAapmRAc53HihLQtG9qEwcjJ+sCt icgYBQAA+DoOgAGIWhaAAfCAHSZgkCDeI0AB8JVCckyVJaDuKsUmSg471n6fkXn0 fiNo0uCEAIoLuO8srwKvCUozLM0zzQAAFtUABwm+cIAEwTRPgAcRznQ7idO48iFy 0sbxAAGYbBqAAuiuKIAAUBSZSOlc0oM9agLUBQEJwfp/Rea5sG2ABhGOZYAGaZxn owe6Vs6909PYhUHIQ5rTgAEQShKAAih4GwABOFLXAfISMSQjSNvXMlH2LYyHydY9 lKQ9blsCf0noMAIBPEoihWJZds21baKPW67sr+wBWFkXAAF6XxgISsizIZPx+n0l YPBEEYADKLwsViEYQL6jzAou88JLJDEwo46ZmmgaTKGNUBvG+b8jQBVKXoTFaERa fcX1RXoJAAG4VBUAAbByG4ABMFN6AG7x8Hse7eN9bmYZiAFk5lmubZvnGcok9bEp 4AyXAAXJdl+ABVFaWMjSO91KoafiLn5GIJgqugsCkJgAB0HNcZXlrcLhbCnUql+U wwdZ1HWABl4OyjLAAdR3nhUqVxSg2KoXBzms+AAOA0C4ABeGAXABrQZxqEIPyIjZ 8t3TEX7BnXISjmnI8pyvLcvNFpqEBQFxobhtm8ABOk8UU6nIcruUVPdAIWfVTKrL oACGIQgAALIpia8bxN0fSjc0nsMQkcpyv2XxiGSABsGoajMM1FDRIVuyDYvF6EBK EV9hoGwZAAGoZhgAGpgqsHFrBIr18x9Mzcn9X2/d9/4KdNabHcdp3AAThRlSABo1 EgxaWlk4acQUAhV0/D1RiDcGj3AxBbCqAACgFQKL8I+s5noAGfkvH0kga42RugAG KMlUColSJHHwQY3wCD+gAVaitvCDgBD/PEA0CCBANgaA0rVW4AAXAxfAAhRavyVu 8d0/GIyS32RHiVEuJj8ILgFO2LIrQABYixFqkZBylScMWIuP9KqfyDALAixwLoVl EA1BqDGFBhC/wnYONAAAyBmjRAANkbA2W5GcACQUBD0lVkIXcvBILHGPMgBmDpQg KgUgmKGtNIyMTeovWGnyJslTjxJPMhJ9ElpOSdk874ooCgGgNAAfI+gvBdNEHQO5 +5FEIPTLgEkJYRwAGqJsMAXwwQADxZYg9GJOmJlMAwBJjgJgUK0B4DpkgHAPgeN4 PmE6jZPzTiQQNaM1JsTZm1Nubk3X3EBAAA8BAAADAAAAAQDNAAABAQADAAAAAQCn AAABAgADAAAABAAAd4IBAwADAAAAAQAFAAABBgADAAAAAQACAAABEQAEAAAAAgAA d4oBEgADAAAAAQABAAABFQADAAAAAQAEAAABFgADAAAAAQCdAAABFwAEAAAAAgAA d5IBHAADAAAAAQABAAABPQADAAAAAQACAAABUgADAAAAAQABAAABUwADAAAABAAA d5qHcwAHAAAPyAAAd6IAAAAAAAgACAAIAAgAAAAIAABx8wAAcesAAATVAAEAAQAB AAEAAA/IYXBwbAIAAABtbnRyUkdCIFhZWiAH2QABAAcACQAcAAdhY3NwQVBQTAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA9tYAAQAAAADTLWFwcGxcxRy2eV1hKINy O8soZoUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA5yWFlaAAABLAAA ABRnWFlaAAABQAAAABRiWFlaAAABVAAAABR3dHB0AAABaAAAABRjaGFkAAABfAAA ACxyVFJDAAABqAAAAA5nVFJDAAABuAAAAA5iVFJDAAAByAAAAA52Y2d0AAAB2AAA BhJuZGluAAAH7AAABj5kZXNjAAAOLAAAAF9kc2NtAAAOjAAAAPBtbW9kAAAPfAAA AChjcHJ0AAAPpAAAACRYWVogAAAAAAAAczEAAD1rAAACHlhZWiAAAAAAAABcPwAA rKoAABOtWFlaIAAAAAAAACdmAAAWBQAAvVpYWVogAAAAAAAA81IAAQAAAAEWz3Nm MzIAAAAAAAEMQgAABd7///MmAAAHkgAA/ZH///ui///9owAAA9wAAMBsY3VydgAA AAAAAAABAc0AAGN1cnYAAAAAAAAAAQHNAABjdXJ2AAAAAAAAAAEBzQAAdmNndAAA AAAAAAAAAAMBAAACAAAAGgBbAL0BNgHAAmkDMwQoBUQGjQf6CZMLPQ0CDtAQsRKL FGYWOxgOGeAbsx2JH18hPiMgJPom1CitKoEsUi4ZL9cxkDM6NNU2cTf4OXo68jxf PbA+7EAkQVFCgUOsRNNF9UcRSC9JRkpWS2RMbU1yTnZPelB6UXhScVNwVGpVdFZ+ V4VYjFmSWpRblFyTXZBei1+FYH5hdmJxY2hkYGVdZlZnUGhMaUVqKWsHa+NswW2h boNvZnBLcTFyG3MJc/h06XXedtd30HjNec16znvPfM99zH7Ef7qAs4GvgrCDsYS2 hb2GxofOiNWJ2orii+iM6o3sjuuP5pDgkdiS1ZPllPWWBpcWmCKZK5oxmzacN502 njKfLaAmoRyiD6MDo/ak5qXWpsinuqi/qcGqxKvGrMOtwK65r6+worGVsoSzdLRh tU22OLcjuA64+bnmutK7vbyVvWS+Mb7+v8rAmcFlwjLDAcPRxKHFcsZGxxrH78jD yZzKdMtOzCrNBc3XzpvPXtAi0OjRsdJ500LUDNTX1aLWbNc11/zYwtmG2kjbCtvJ 3ITdP9373sHfhuBL4Q/h0+KT41DkDeTJ5YHmOObt557oT+j/6a7qXOsK67bsYu0T 7dfuo+9x8D/xDfHf8rHzhPRZ9TL2Dvbt98/4t/mk+pP7h/yA/Xz+ev9S//8AAAAV AEgAlQD6AXAB+gKuA4cEhwW2Bw4Ilwo8C/gNzw+hEXgTRBUSFswYjBpNHBkd6h+7 IY8jbiVKJy4pCirkLLUuhDBEMfgzozU8Nss4TDm+OyY8bj2dPso/9EEdQkNDZESI RalGy0fqSQZKIUs7TE5NZE55T41QoVG0UsRTyVTFVb9Wu1e3WLNZslqyW7Fcsl20 Xrhfv2DHYc9i12PjZPBl/GcJaBhpH2oPavdr3mzFbaxukW94cFlxPXIhcwNz53TL da92lHd5eF95SXoyexp8AXznfct+r3+XgICBdYJmg16EWYVWhlWHU4hRiVKKU4tQ jE6NSY5AjzaQK5EokjOTQJRPlVuWZZdrmG6ZcJptm2icYZ1Ynk2fPaAsoRuiCaLz o92kyaW1prOnsKitqaqqoqubrJCtgq5zr2SwU7FBsi6zGrQGtPK13rbJt7i4prmP umu7PbwLvNy9qL54v0bAFcDlwbbCh8NaxC7FA8XYxq3Hh8hfyTnKFsrxy8TMjM1T zhzO6c+40IjRWtIt0wLT2NSu1YTWWdcs1//Y0dmg2m3bONwB3Mzdo95731LgKOD8 4c/inuNr5DjlA+XK5o/nUugU6NXplOpT6xHrzuyK7VLuKu8R7/vw4vHK8rPzmvR/ 9WP2Rfcm+Ab44Pm8+pb7bfxE/Rv98P7C/2n//wAAABkAWAC3ASwBrwJOAw8D+wUI BkcHrAksCscMeA45D/wRyhOOFVAXDhjUGpIcVR4ZH+ghtSN8JUInDCjPKo0sQC3w L5YxNDLANEo1xTc5OKQ6AztRPHw9qT7QP/ZBGUI2Q1FEZUV4RoZHj0iVSZdKlUuT TI5Nh05+T3JQaVFcUlxTXlRaVVhWVVdOWEJZOlosWx5cDlz+Xe1e3F/KYLlhqWKa Y4pkfGVtZkNnE2fjaLFpgGpRayFr8WzCbZRuZm85cA1w43G7cpJzbHRKdSZ2Anbb d614dXk6egB6yXuVfGB9Ln3+fs5/noBtgTmCB4LUg56EaIUvhfOGtod3iD2JConc iq6LfoxOjRyN6Y63j4OQT5EakeaSs5N8lEeVEpXelqiXc5g/mROZ7prOm66cj51s nkmfJJ/+oNihsqKLo2WkP6UZpfOmzqerqIepZqpEqx6r76y2rXmuPa8Cr8ewirFQ shey37OntHK1PrYMttq3qLh7uU26ILr3u8y8l71bvhy+37+nwG/BOcIEws/DnsRs xTrGCMbVx6DIaskzyfrKwMuCzEPNC83jzr7PntB60VbSMdMK0+LUvNWT1mnXPdgQ 2OXZtdqH21ncKtz53creot+Y4J7hoeKl46nksuW+5s7n6OkR6kXrjezk7l/v7/Gw 85X1tPgb+uL+Dv//AABuZGluAAAAAAAABjYAAKNuAABYEAAATb8AAJyLAAAmhAAA E+sAAFANAABUOQACTMwAAj1wAAHhRwADAQAAAgAAAB4AQABgAH0AmQCzAM0A5gD+ ARcBMAFJAWIBfAGWAbABywHnAgQCIQJAAl8CfwKgAsIC5AMHAysDTwN0A5oDvwPm BAwENARdBIYEsATbBQYFMwVgBY4FvQXuBh8GUgaGBrsG8gcrB2YHowffCCAIYgim COwJNAl/Cc8KJgqCCt8LQQujDAgMcAzaDUgNug4sDqMPHg+cEB4QpBEtEbcSRhLX E24UAxSeFTEVxRZdFvcXkxgzGNcZfRomGtMbghw0HOkdnh5XHxIfyyCJIUgiByLL I6YkiCVsJlAnMygYKP0p4irFK6csii1sLksvLDAMMOoxyDKoM4s0cTVeNlA3QTgy OR46DTr6O+c80z3BPrE/pkCbQY9Ci0OJRIpFkkacR6xIvkm5SrVLsUywTbJOuU/F UNVR6FMBVB1VP1ZiV4tYu1ntWx9cWV2WXtFgEGE3YmNjkGS/ZfZnL2huabRq/2xM baBu9nBRcbFzEnR1ddt3QHinehN7n31EfuqAl4I/g/GFn4dNiP2Kq4xXjgSPtZFc kwuUs5ZamBiZ+5vkncafpqGIo2ulS6cvqRirB60Arv+xB7MXtTe3Xblku2+9gL+U wbfD5sYZyFvKqs0Gz2vR2dRL1srZStt/3Zzfu+Hc4/bmEegq6jvsRe5I8EbyNvQf 9gX33/my+4X9Uv//AAAAJgBOAHEAkACuAMkA5AD9ARcBMAFJAWMBfAGWAbEBzQHp AgYCJQJEAmQChgKpAswC8AMVAzoDXwOFA6sD0gP6BCIESwRzBJ0ExwTxBRwFSAV1 BaMF0QYBBjIGYwaWBssHAgc5B3IHrgfsCCwIbQiyCPoJQwmQCeQKQQqgCwELZQvK DDIMnQ0IDXcN5g5YDswPQw+8EDcQtxE3EbkSPRLDE0sT1RRkFP4VmxY6FtoXfRgf GMMZaRoQGrgbYRwKHLQdXh4MHrkfZiAVIMYheCIqIuYjuiSRJWsmRycnKAgo8SnY KsMrsSyfLZEugy94MG0xYDJXM1E0TjVQNlY3WThcOVU6UztMPEQ9Oz4zPy1AKUEk QiBDJEQmRTBGPkdPSGRJa0pmS2dMZk1rTnNPgVCTUahSxFPkVQlWMVdeWJNZy1sE XERdiV7MYBNhQmJ1Y6lk3mYcZ1pooGnrazlsim3gbzdwlHHzc1R0tXYbd31443pR e919gX8hgMyCcoQghcyHd4kkitCMe44nj9aRfJMqlNGWeJg3mhGb753Dn5OhY6Mx pPumxaiSqmCsNa4Qr+2x1rPDtb+3ubmTu3K9V79AwTHDL8UxxzvJUstzzZvPztIF 1EHWiNjP2tzcvt6a4H/iYuRG5jLoJOoa7BbuGPAn8jX0TfZu+I76tvzo//8AAAAf AEMAZACCAJ8AugDUAO4BCAEhATwBVgFwAYsBpwHDAd8B/QIcAjsCXAJ9AqACwgLm AwsDMANWA30DpAPLA/MEHARFBHAEnATIBPUFIgVRBYAFsQXjBhcGSwaBBrgG8gcs B2oHqAfoCCsIcAi3CQAJSwmbCe4KTQqrCw4LcwvZDEMMsA0fDZMOCQ6CDwAPgRAG EI8RGxGpEjwS0RNrFAUUpBU9FdYWdRcVF7cYXhkKGbYaaBscG9Qcjh1LHgoezB+O IFIhGSHgIqkjjiR+JXEmaCdeKFgpVSpSK1IsUi1VLlUvWTBcMV0yYjNqNHs1ozbS OAE5KjpYO4Q8sD3fPxFAS0GEQsZEC0VaRrBIDUljSqpL801BTpJP6lFDUqNUBVVr VtBYPlmtWxtckV4HX3tg32I5Y5Vk8mZXZ75pK2qcbA5thW78cHVx8XNudOl2Z3fi eWF68Xyhfl2AGIHVg5mFWIcXiNaKk4xOjgiPxpF6kzaU6ZadmG2aVZxCniCgAKHe o72lladxqVCrNK0frw+xB7MGtRO3JbkBute8pb6BwFrCPMQlxgrH+cnuy+rN5c/r 0fHT+dYK2BnaFdvG3WvfHeDL4nrkIuXH52jo++p96/btW+6z8AHxNfJd83z0gvWD 9nX3Xfg0+QX5w/qC+yv70Px0/QP9k/4i/wv//wAAZGVzYwAAAAAAAAAFaU1hYwAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAbWx1YwAAAAAAAAASAAAADG5i Tk8AAAAIAAAA6HB0UFQAAAAIAAAA6HN2U0UAAAAIAAAA6GZpRkkAAAAIAAAA6GRh REsAAAAIAAAA6HpoQ04AAAAIAAAA6GZyRlIAAAAIAAAA6GphSlAAAAAIAAAA6GVu VVMAAAAIAAAA6HBsUEwAAAAIAAAA6HB0QlIAAAAIAAAA6GVzRVMAAAAIAAAA6Hpo VFcAAAAIAAAA6HJ1UlUAAAAIAAAA6GtvS1IAAAAIAAAA6GRlREUAAAAIAAAA6G5s TkwAAAAIAAAA6Gl0SVQAAAAIAAAA6ABpAE0AYQBjbW1vZAAAAAAAAAYQAACcagAA AAC/05GAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHRleHQAAAAAQ29weXJpZ2h0IEFwcGxlLCBJ bmMuLCAyMDA5AA== --Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Thank you, Lillie --Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw) Content-type: application/pdf; x-mac-type=50444620; x-mac-creator=4341524F; x-unix-mode=0644; name="Press Release Privacy Report Card.pdf" Content-transfer-encoding: BASE64 Content-disposition: inline; filename="Press Release Privacy Report Card.pdf" JVBERi0xLjMNJeLjz9MNCjQgMCBvYmoNPDwvTGluZWFyaXplZCAxL0wgNDAxMjAv TyA2L0UgMzU4MDMvTiAxL1QgMzk5OTkvSCBbIDc5NiAxNzddPj4NZW5kb2JqDSAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA14cmVmDTQgMjUNMDAwMDAwMDAxNiAwMDAwMCBu DQowMDAwMDAwOTczIDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDEwMzMgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDAw MTIxMCAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDAxMzA2IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDE0NTUgMDAw MDAgbg0KMDAwMDAwMTQ4OSAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDAxOTUwIDAwMDAwIG4NCjAw MDAwMDIxMDUgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDAwMjU5MyAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDAzMDAz IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDM1MjYgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDAwNDA4NSAwMDAwMCBu DQowMDAwMDA0NTk5IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDQ5NzYgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDAw NTI3MyAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDA2MTU4IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMjI5MzkgMDAw MDAgbg0KMDAwMDAyMzE0NyAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDIzNDIxIDAwMDAwIG4NCjAw MDAwMjQxMDUgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDAzNDg4MSAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDM1MDkx IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMzUyNjkgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAwMDAwMDc5NiAwMDAwMCBu DQp0cmFpbGVyDTw8L1NpemUgMjkvUHJldiAzOTk5MS9Sb290IDUgMCBSL0luZm8g MyAwIFIvSURbPDAwM0I2ODk4Mzg1OEI3RUExNTk0OEQ0Rjc4QUQyQzkyPjw3MTEw MUQ4N0ZEMDM0MkZCODQzNjlBRUZCMzA1NTQyMT5dPj4Nc3RhcnR4cmVmDTANJSVF T0YNICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgDTI4IDAgb2JqDTw8L0xlbmd0aCA5 OC9GaWx0ZXIvRmxhdGVEZWNvZGUvSSAxMDgvUyAzOT4+c3RyZWFtDQp42mJgYBBj YGCOYACC9ksMqIAJiFkYOA4wCCAJikExA4MSAz+jHMMP5hkMDKYJcg6PGSuYL3GY 8DOIFig8uPJga8M6xgdcmv4buBmEGGqhmpkZGGZNAtKMQPwFIMAAPTsSFA1lbmRz dHJlYW0NZW5kb2JqDTUgMCBvYmoNPDwvTWV0YWRhdGEgMiAwIFIvUGFnZXMgMSAw IFIvVHlwZS9DYXRhbG9nPj4NZW5kb2JqDTYgMCBvYmoNPDwvQ3JvcEJveFswIDAg NjEyIDc5Ml0vUGFyZW50IDEgMCBSL0NvbnRlbnRzWzEwIDAgUiAxMiAwIFIgMTMg MCBSIDE0IDAgUiAxNSAwIFIgMTYgMCBSIDE3IDAgUiAxOCAwIFJdL1JvdGF0ZSAw L01lZGlhQm94WzAgMCA2MTIgNzkyXS9SZXNvdXJjZXMgNyAwIFIvVHlwZS9QYWdl Pj4NZW5kb2JqDTcgMCBvYmoNPDwvQ29sb3JTcGFjZTw8L0NzMSA5IDAgUj4+L0Zv bnQ8PC9GMS4xIDggMCBSL0YyLjEgMTEgMCBSPj4vUHJvY1NldFsvUERGL1RleHRd Pj4NZW5kb2JqDTggMCBvYmoNPDwvU3VidHlwZS9UcnVlVHlwZS9Gb250RGVzY3Jp cHRvciAyMSAwIFIvTGFzdENoYXIgOTYvV2lkdGhzIDIyIDAgUi9CYXNlRm9udC9U T0FXVlcrQ2FtYnJpYS9GaXJzdENoYXIgMzMvVG9Vbmljb2RlIDIzIDAgUi9UeXBl L0ZvbnQ+Pg1lbmRvYmoNOSAwIG9iag1bL0lDQ0Jhc2VkIDE5IDAgUl0NZW5kb2Jq DTEwIDAgb2JqDTw8L0xlbmd0aCAzOTIvRmlsdGVyL0ZsYXRlRGVjb2RlPj5zdHJl YW0NCkiJrFRNT8MwDL3nVxg2WAfMzXfTAYNtbEjckCpxYJwmOCANaez/S3S1AwSB KGhtpSc7sev37GQNt7AGpesPlZZSgwsFhgCFb+D1Ee7gBfLpRsFyA7J5N8s6RqL0 snnI+2GWEgrpsbBiuYJJBdqYZkvEagX5XKECBdUT3EO2t9+HgYKsQ9AlOCA4rEEL Ash65FxkyZ5Fn/CIoJfk6STO415ffA45eV99gOoGZlUjyM/ktFMYnHV/obitpHr+ PXctnC8lmra6sSYDzGXCOHJDRVxzbchhXVuaKhh01lA90NQjdkeyMFjqtiy5qZ6g YCYambPbgshCN+nnoCQcsnlKeMam5d3nBDF4RLkuyGK4bD0a3qPUzjK/WjWx09Fw Bdqw84GzdVTbVox5jiaJuNyIKYnHzqvWk2ZK1KUpqRL4thLxf3raovetstb8ZnE8 mNKcz1E3uV5kIgLNjoj3y3VyMY2/nkiew5yDc81yxT8O+cQqroTjo/DxHGNMIJNO xOWt9vAmwACGQxh2DWVuZHN0cmVhbQ1lbmRvYmoNMTEgMCBvYmoNPDwvU3VidHlw ZS9UcnVlVHlwZS9Gb250RGVzY3JpcHRvciAyNSAwIFIvTGFzdENoYXIgNzIvV2lk dGhzIDI2IDAgUi9CYXNlRm9udC9GRldXWFcrQ2FtYnJpYS1Cb2xkL0ZpcnN0Q2hh ciAzMy9Ub1VuaWNvZGUgMjcgMCBSL1R5cGUvRm9udD4+DWVuZG9iag0xMiAwIG9i ag08PC9MZW5ndGggNDE5L0ZpbHRlci9GbGF0ZURlY29kZT4+c3RyZWFtDQpIiZRT TU/DMAy951eYbUALLMv3EiEYGgLBoMCk3DZOFTsg7QD8f4m0TrdFGl1pD09u3Ofn Z8fPyJ2HOXwBo8yw+oH63YZSW6qVs2CEosZAuYapByFlndigX5PRPaccOPgVZIMc /Ccc5HYMDLNU2P2sxK9hh3UB2cN1DkMO2QQhRo8DxBnCE8JVDu/gZ7UK0qaCaxYk GN6qBRotBDt87tYh14o6qUzKHRIYxwziyz9LRTOLYjYZvBTFDboazkssXOVy+Clb FQghKJfcRgWkvbuN0wxNpJeIoyniawAB2dBVIclGt/j5TSKq+Y7pWFqEwqZaHGcp U6HvIG48ds5YCd8fsEK95EAXUjDKjfnXiLovoXacWtVpCbuyChmWSkgDeqypiteG 7FUsdmw/Qh97CH2EuN7HCCen6P0yw3iZI54hnCNcJETDmBp/oQlhLyf1iNMcto+n OtzOt3VgVlGrnYz9t63dpv+avpO5YRuUUIFcO8pEJ/LFxgWe+NX0K9BVmVijkqhJ 1fFOJDlxVibiGE0dJvYdJ9PoJw6byln4FWAApZEO9g1lbmRzdHJlYW0NZW5kb2Jq DTEzIDAgb2JqDTw8L0xlbmd0aCAzNDEvRmlsdGVyL0ZsYXRlRGVjb2RlPj5zdHJl YW0NCkiJrJI9T8MwEIZ3/4oDVJEEevX3B1AohTCwIXmjTJUYkDrw/xecnBMaQG2Q kgyP4sSXu8dvfIY6wgt8AkdueXtBe38/qiDQOOPAmIBcsu0O1hGkUu2HHeMOFk8S BQiI71BsihLix4ji3ILREo2ftq7UCpUPqbi0OK7nVyh8CXMBxYwwJ5wRLgl2VrKG gR6bfhqeEE5LeIM4RqpIbVk37C+95yJ/ELfHVFTObQoMV6o10u6oIzvyW+vRCq7p t3BYC/uncmNQBBHA8IBpsj+Ls1/Or5M52Tt3BDFQb28GB9KdxDJ11p7FLS3gaPnG oudeDDplUyWPaww81dChieDY6GUNFY2yyCNWe1ZYt5pVnROWXQTvCHnLxUBZXtQE RdqqPrP7SV79KHtPWA+w6lUfCZzmDnmwLtuYOnEpzU570M5i0GMT90AzPNb9SF1s 4EuAAQC1h/ijDWVuZHN0cmVhbQ1lbmRvYmoNMTQgMCBvYmoNPDwvTGVuZ3RoIDQ1 NC9GaWx0ZXIvRmxhdGVEZWNvZGU+PnN0cmVhbQ0KSImsU01v2zAMvftXcCuH2kUp UR+WbSVrYjVThhYFks3ZZd2pwA4Detj/v8xRnCUputYFZh8IQtR7j+LjGn4DC3ac Pkj/IdV1JayrKrCVE43NHh4hdKCNSYX72D2CjFooUND9hDwW0P2CTx2sX8Zu+iu1 Ld+C/R3yZQGkIA+7sAgn6X2+jVle7tLPBfyA7uZ1LaY0wuhSD1rgWS3Zkz63ZGMa bRisY1G6/w9rS9HUe9ihZIg7WPUX9nz5oUUOAr0jXFqp+LrE1nCUXpqAX2SMaCkS azopOaPGWI8tW4FfjU1n76c8YSyysTKNOnrUU5mwl5kN3RdiIoPU3nLSxT4xdinj 2MsirbGN1RT70w2JQFpwWeMlNZ4mU7I4r/FqNpuvEC/6m+NVqkrUI1UeqZAao7lm T2Kr9dtI7ysnKqeqgTR7mXSY4NUc725G4idjaAtW8wG/L2A1VHQPoAYfquNVO9B5 l7hS6euE/QIpNuWbGsJLb4l8jd2mxg1rJ8Pam1Djfb5q+/Gd0fpghGmfBL194/ET ZSP+sR1PB3q7+DhDnuD5xSq5hhQFf8Q5X8yeOU9LMyV0FAXKkJz6Tlo9aIQ/AgwA hxQS2g1lbmRzdHJlYW0NZW5kb2JqDTE1IDAgb2JqDTw8L0xlbmd0aCA0OTAvRmls dGVyL0ZsYXRlRGVjb2RlPj5zdHJlYW0NCkiJlJPBbtswDIbvfQphYZpmCUWZki1b 7sUyomyXIWkMLNl8G7DDgB72/pfRTtLdNtWGYdMQ9X/6Se4GdVS/ldGmMvOl5vtv 2Bhl60Z79eNVxUHxbcX9PbwqSoUuHgo1/FRP47rFqOUJsLE+HnGthl9q9z+RorG6 ZrZXqYd/S6mrFORtPfFXpa5c3q4fKwSH7FNgsCcIEu4dFaYvYYGNdQE64zSwdwWW 8EIpwfOUkdAw6gOMawho2im3ueWtH3I5y0JXeT7jlwadIM4AJnGmzZWXgMurUp4h FjRx75lnL8a1bikSB2cC2fiVQThO1rUm9gg2AmOBziToHQXq5SP/9NbrMu/0d2eJ 2SPXQLFPXlM8Qmcj+xbdvWg1PKKeOd5+dFRQgg09i4E0ZZuo30HJVrvMInWlaMAW ey9mlAfYNmjO6PjGiwKREuEEjQK2StgHZyP1by23jLO3k9XQyVDJdvmkptE2k/TT ar/sPl9g69lE2DkTQw3DpJvXWMxOgtrdRPM6K0pV7vVi2KA5erzASsMjofv2QpHP VMP3w/YA++ViJ6WkvjL4jpbiptSW8yz4wOJuoniub71RCpxJNHl/mXukq6iBPYUg PTOO0+DJkC/oWMkcjk94wshTLdtWliAeZkr1R4ABAJNPFnoNZW5kc3RyZWFtDWVu ZG9iag0xNiAwIG9iag08PC9MZW5ndGggNDQ1L0ZpbHRlci9GbGF0ZURlY29kZT4+ c3RyZWFtDQpIiZSUTY/UMAyG7/MrcvBq2JGcOHb6lelhm2iycBhphqlAQuKExAFp D/z/C27pAhJiybaHNl/24/e1cprN1Xw3ZKml9THr+3sYerIdU2d4aKyw+fJk0mx4 27h9d/OTccVbb7yZv5o3cG/mb+b0v9iDBui85bYu6qHFgPDelQIjAkHEglnSTWdT 1okI5zPQEfYHuEmAz9KFRMVxZOgSjQUhiu6KmCzEFuF+VwvZdNb/A9I8Q+5+Qs4U nWhaeAzIDFPpRkCPKV5gkhQpRzhhoDqBeGBL4nkj2L1MsMlULBworRJYjOQKX+qy Sa9BQtu8KtsrrBZRlaqCqtOwV3NjkOSySuk85QbukhZ1XAWGSSXFAG/3j3fTO3C8 OprWtY8MBcm6dIVhO1lvtR90XGe1GowUcgukDUXWS15SSbhScp9WkgsslTzjT6Ld uMIrLkGSNFCIjtWs/GupnpSCHSpJ5aYZEndHDD1k512B4kbU5Mg9oO3y1rU93Ojo StMv64HC8kOj6CmtsQ4tsNh26ORFwL8ujIi5TVLk2tQ3lB/IDlzXUX+6spTMUS8E xy1acAnODw8fLmt55ocAAwDHaQX4DWVuZHN0cmVhbQ1lbmRvYmoNMTcgMCBvYmoN PDwvTGVuZ3RoIDMwOC9GaWx0ZXIvRmxhdGVEZWNvZGU+PnN0cmVhbQ0KSImslD9r wzAQxXd/ioOmtBly1p1Oss5b4iZZOiTGszOEZihkaPv9of5XEkpppFJpEELi9x5P D60b2MMbGDTeDAOGedmyL1BJFUgNKsPxDKsGeLo4rVlzhnxDSEDQnOBxNofmFda3 2GqAvMcQB91KTqZys7uFWilnSyMYqUPqMAQJo1r2oxp8U3uORSsGr5SCvnLdnxJ8 HH9/AsPoiIoUDV+W+tS2OmZWWbPJy9yudlb2rQwBVl1+7Tz7cjKIdAoOhbuNRw6d B997sAW8v8BptHXLrJiARXCcYnYXl7UQIYv/a9a3miiMhcRRH7b3y9ju9e+WgD5E YtkmYVM7R+zQC/skkal0dV3vFppXfdkusiOx4xHaDmsKdFcNy+IbxtYiG0uTtX// kSigH74k+BRgAHmJCCQNZW5kc3RyZWFtDWVuZG9iag0xOCAwIG9iag08PC9MZW5n dGggMjI4L0ZpbHRlci9GbGF0ZURlY29kZT4+c3RyZWFtDQpIiZyRMU/DMBCF9/yK N3SA5XKXsx1fNlIoaxN5DpEqOiB1AP6/hJsCikCiCfZwsix97717bULFjPP9nEU6 odwJCQTpiJtHVwpv/eZOeVc2pbabW6QXPCR0eAUTB57OxJg9pTYKtRhEIoVYHE5o f4nhh9jTQnb069kz3+dfwfvhikgkFedXiYSmsWUZKjaqldfh74eh7/u9XTrZflWy V9cN37LF5NxlcE2ae/DEMSsHb2aB8faM48XMtQ1oUFKrwn/X/Gd8cxS998gzZFS1 jD6O4zK+5vDi3Fr+zH2HDwEGAI7GoeoNZW5kc3RyZWFtDWVuZG9iag0xOSAwIG9i ag08PC9MZW5ndGggNzkyL0ZpbHRlci9GbGF0ZURlY29kZS9OIDMvQWx0ZXJuYXRl L0RldmljZVJHQj4+c3RyZWFtDQp4AYWUTUgUYRjH/7ONBLEG0ZcIxdDBJFQmC1IC 0/UrU7Zl1UwJYp19d50cZ6eZ3S1FIoTomHWMLlZEh4hO4aFDpzpEBJl1iaCjRRAF XiK2/zuTu2NUvjAzv3me//t8vcMAVY9SjmNFNGDKzrvJ3ph2enRM2/waVahGFFwp w3M6EokBn6mVz/Vr9S0UaVlqlLHW+zZ8q3aZEFA0KndkAz4seTzg45Iv5J08NWck GxOpNNkhN7hDyU7yLfLWbIjHQ5wWngFUtVOTMxyXcSI7yC1FIytjPiDrdtq0ye+l Pe0ZU9Sw38g3OQvauPL9QNseYNOLim3MAx7cA3bXVWz1NcDOEWDxUMX2PenPR9n1 ysscavbDKdEYa/pQKn2vAzbfAH5eL5V+3C6Vft5hDtbx1DIKbtHXsjDlJRDUG+xm /OQa/YuDnnxVC7DAOY5sAfqvADc/AvsfAtsfA4lqYKgVkctsN7jy4iLnAnTmnGnX zE7ktWZdP6J18GiF1mcbTQ1ayrI03+VprvCEWxTpJkxZBc7ZX9t4jwp7eJBP9he5 JLzu36zMpVNdnCWa2NantOjqJjeQ72fMnj5yPa/3GbdnOGDlgJnvGwo4csq24jwX qYnU2OPxk2TGV1QnH5PzkDznFQdlTN9+LnUiQa6lPTmZ65eaXdzbPjMxxDOSrFgz E53x3/zGLSRl3n3U3HUs/5tnbZFnGIUFARM27zY0JNGLGBrhwEUOGXpMKkxapV/Q asLD5F+VFhLlXRYVvVjhnhV/z3kUuFvGP4VYHHMN5Qia/k7/oi/rC/pd/fN8baG+ 4plzz5rGq2tfGVdmltXIuEGNMr6sKYhvsNoOei1kaZ3iFfTklfWN4eoy9nxt2aPJ HOJqfDXUpQhlasQ448muZfdFssU34edby/av6VH7fPZJTSXXsrp4Zin6fDZcDWv/ s6tg0rKr8OSNkC48a6HuVQ+qfWqL2gpNPaa2q21qF9+OqgPlHcOclYkLrNtl9Sn2 YGOa3spJV2aL4N/CL4b/pV5hC9c0NPkPTbi5jGkJ3xHcNnCHlP/DX7MDDd4NZW5k c3RyZWFtDWVuZG9iag0yMCAwIG9iag08PC9MZW5ndGggMTY2OTYvRmlsdGVyL0Zs YXRlRGVjb2RlL0xlbmd0aDEgMjQ4NjA+PnN0cmVhbQ0KeAHtvHlgVNXdN37OvXf2 yayZLZNlJpOZSTJJJpPJziS5SSYhkAQCBEjClsCAgMoii6ACUYlgQBQVF7SKlaWl 7eMAtsUuNlqlasFqtba1i+DSWpWKfdqnYmHy+5w7MyzW53l/f7zv+9c7yfd7zj3n 3HvP+W7ne77nzBBKCNGQYcKT8kXXD60S7hbuQcmPAA8sWr/WdTaR4AihvYQoNy9Z dc31r/0mVkGI6k1CtM3XXLdxyVDevDsJsdoJqfl86eKh2N9d/Q5Cphhwf/VSFJie N2/EdQeuC5Zev3aD6rQNdVOuwzOF61YuGnp96HQZIVNXoX7r9UMbVqk5UyOu/45r 14qh6xf/wrtuKyE9mex61Q2LV92r+2QbrisJMXyIMoo/9tESORlF6iYiUZAMoke5 CuOSExnhiJGoiYHYiY1kk0xSSLwknxSQAHESPyklHuIjLmIhETKB1OF+AU+xkiBR kjyiI1WkmjSQJhIi9aSY1JBykkWKiANvNJNGUkFySRkpISbQL4eESSWpJUR2F95H ZDPxzoDUOyLYkE99+B8l8+Pnxr9GyPi5dHli+uU87j5CMvgGksGewlnGz3GniWF8 35Ut0vddTnm0SV4pkTAQ2GUL2cQSfBYlE6SM3oTMSl1/dfL8Vxf/j6WvkpfJD8nt UpsfkWPk26nW3ybfJSPkecjVBqmkn0wlW8k+4F6UDJBJZCaZT5ahbjXZTw6k7lpI BkH3EK4aQVHGX/Z5hXxIvkcvoN0jyYIr8H14yw3kON70CJmM5zWS3Rjt/eRb5HHS Se7A1eXPW1L2NDdElpM15BCJ494YWSqVdpNbSQeZi761g0qryQq8fYA8RZ4mi8kR 8jDKf0Smk8fkzxIlt5Zxavw/ufrx/yQ7cPcD3FruVm4XP0zWklvIY+SP5O/kHnJ3 4vn/mXuXO/bf5u4hD2EUW8ku8HSAb+B7+MFLvP1vb0pVfB/0eg602QCuHARfHiP3 UC/ZS7aRTVRLvkZ+RCuuos7/6nlfVf99shPPvvrzU/IM6HYA/N0Fiq0BX76B3vdc 3QiKXEjVkJvlZIDqyBdkwZfr/7dcr4IsbIDE3Yb33ICR95ElkK51SJcC1qXfQatp I9kOrj9JS8n7KG8hm8kK6qbl5ATZTu3kJrT/GkrvJz+g5Wi7hjxNC8l5aNUcjPLf PrAH0EvJHqBOSaiVvMp0k/+CNeU/StsDdsVkhBaQlwi5bA+oh2ZA3r5PDuP9XyeP UCflyT/IGZKgQZoNzhWR1wEnQLcfkOdAv0/Qwk5+TZO2kT320ufLfcEdO2SLJTuB Nv/eF0j7XVf2BXpxiDwK/doEGXoauv4cuZd8D+lOXO2DBj1IvgMZOAhZGkZfL31k A7CORHYNwxINdOSnKfuEa36MlY+/Pn6K1SYxyyV2Xcr/Ctr8O+hzD2zF//v8Pwr8 X6QAp7jwnuwdbpJML6PjHwuHFUJiDv0HOnAAGn8f8M34u+arO8Rf5D+UPTX+V9kP Ei0yo6wgsTpxC+ayX5Pfkl+QF8l75A3yK8xof+bL+Rf5M/zfhEFBLjsl+zr5rlBG biQPfPmpwgphqTBN2C8MCGUyPzQom3TDrs7GXDVIFpJrYdeI2B9bMH/e3DkD/X0z e6d3d3VOntQxsT3a2tIsNjU2RCbU19XWVFdVhitC5cGy0pJAcVGh3+ct8OS7XXm5 OdnOLIfdZrVkmk1Gg16XodWoVUqFXCbwHCUl1B63t/a1LY87WgfjWk/UY3DFtVPO dQfjxOR0e4yucLC/NNUqLgvEibkzntnTd4SItf1xeeDLTabEea/hb27c3O10tcUF L/49k4di8cLpfW6P4S3npfp+PDae1drndjvjnBf/k1CF/8lDrljc0INyVEglk+Kk p4/B8fF3a1FIat39wNP74rnpy372tORQrujkMzA9Y1/q5hQ6ajiidbRG4yTzCNG+ GycW1uxcLdyFSLwwgI4YkJOeRoJxmvm3ODXHqaUbQ7r6Fey207VfQYO22HJPW2wZ KBobvEzTc0mKul2jrtHpfcaw0+2WOt0Zf2la3xGNutXTuliNURCpgBxRa1CiYQVg y6ojVNtIpQynbas/whFlBshnYt1tY7A8Lu4YRMYTBd1QY75cc3x8bOeVVQS3JRsR NJNyVHpnXN4aVyQ74VoWF4fiZIfrSMnY6M7jBrJwMKCNeWJDc/vi/BA6dYTw3ral vfHszp4BFKETgMGlLsbuqIQY81xtS12juGZtB4E9Udx6dXls6eJBJiZ00BNFnaq1 b5t7zBk3IW2LGwPxDNyecdP7Tn60zb7MxS5HR7e54vum9V1Z62ZtIAT20hLXaJsH b8PD2pa3MI4FL7FNksZJMYk54o4hV3x44XLQDP9DO9Py7x41xLX/5QZ3wB/cybSD EZhBbHA5G8py3CkgcY3uWCwNdac0NMirq215lAG7EdJPZuLugb62pZ420DP1QhAE 9/PeL9/rdscdAXbj6Ggb6+JQDL1nlMG/IyB1I3kBnXAGKPrTGhd7pYT0SjzAG8Wh aH+qKNUANQL4EBcHo/39bFBJBsQV3m2yMo9rlD1e4Y1nBgzuF1A3VlrSOb2vLcqk Ey251r6Gs3bnWeQ7ey4VUzvajAbPMiKxmhmezmlJKVjK6MPQYG9SgUG1FOfRNNVe euopu/NU8g1z+9o97YOjo+0eV/vo4OjQ8fHhhR6XwTN6RKsdXdU26JLUn6L8Bzuc 8fad/XHD4FJaL3GIvR6D473t0zvj5mlzGKvaXUuHUIL/Jo+71uk2XmoDK/LV1Smd g/RDB5jOjRo+wei1sE5OVzszNcdhIZxxQy1TWXRoZh90YhFe0RaTEHRlBh7uZFrD 93vbls1IEcvpxisl4WE2cFqqFA9xu5k+7TgukoW4iA9P60teu8hC51EiBgPg4yCr GUvXWGaymuF0zaXbBz3gm70T75fk47+Tb9j2S7I9avSYXHXMsKN3+J8Ui4/1Yoyf 18aVoJjEenNrH+/kWBPkOCfPcuoApodI3BaQbmQ0gcUcNXhcr3nihkBc1to35oz0 uwxGGEuKNh1oyCTV8JrnZcrsKMk0xGkkTq2snMCugnqw+7ZaVF4SJFfb6GBKAK8c Fpqy1rGll1Qp2XnoLhsbRm/wQHWdSTIYTR42wpNM4NMTg7ed6RVYIhFqcn9cx+a7 uO4TCaG/ztY+FywRNHealHG1uZYyZsddg1HJJPQ7WX26+Pj46cEoM4F9kEE0caZE HIKeJO3Volha8v9X0Ich6Lfu7F9ajz6JxRiBqwqvZURv7e1LqZvEJ0kJ8K5JbChX 11+iYroNDBvU2R0vz3rZDkHNsktandTdS43BhF6M5hIDrnyZVJcWD9aTeDvm/6QN kHoWnyhdS2Nn1R1fqp6Urob52OS8Ce0wkbUc8dDt046IdPuMgb5nsK5ybe/tO8pR rnWwpf9IAer6nnHBB5JKOVbKClkTF7sgnRRPO8oppfbOZ0RChqVaQSqQrhcdp0Qq SzZCGSWLjnPJMkO6HYcyIVkmSmWYT9DFNvtSmLc+D5gei4s9fbf0Lx0d7GfEJtak AEKyPY0kznkaj1BOro2rPYtb4hpPCytvYuVNyXI5K1d4WiD+UA7Xcaj66KAH6g8D 3EectJ+JMJNyzus6Pj4OC3oKltcdl3vnAmBgVYF+V1zmnYx2ExkMonhifHjREOsH E1Pcq/BOWtQfV156IJpMiqvwBFXqCWjRLt2D6ZndtAjCOuSRsiiGcgz3x/sD7KV9 y1iPXC74Qx2e+rjcl+ykzMdeFOwfNXkqpOlE7o2rvdtwB94xWTKEUokTl3gZm4/w r9Ci54s8aLVo0AUOCGTRDAij4GP/asY3lCzGrC74MKkC1FBkqZKwYfFeTYY6rirD A/HP8poyPBD/in4QhQ1eutqWaoB3G+Ia9Mh3BSlTN4A6qJrE+oL/beg8a/oce8y0 42S6Z0OcShSVXqVAdTzDO2kIzkLyfg1KPPD7kjfjWUovK2LPeCFZqmAj10oObe/x 8UOejUxJ0p/SEk+c9PYxwSRO+JAi6R/9ckF8Dgyn8sulGVLx6Kgy46tvSNJLmXEp ZU9xtS2LluJVIO+zQHfIehEvLUHUs5J0il5LsLKwqISU5GhCZZUlmrIyTUmlUFVN igLlYZPZrLPby0I8aTpVEcR/0x/eOlVhNFFbXRAfwynDKWPYcKrC8IcToXJaVdnI 1TTyVZU+T76OU3iqqqvDFbmcJRMXOt5isVk8VdToNjLgauTW4gKbz6lvbnSVFzhU g5E7W9sXNWbrCyIlLp9FYbqHXrgo54cu1NI/W63e4iq/Ixiu83ROzyyoyL0ttywn 3F7ka2xoL3WX+Auz5SueeCLxvrD3X0uEf37xbQyQcIgTE+EvssWI+OaTzWJUqXLn yzRqV74u32HPd7nzeZlOlpWXV6CzmZWa/EyXmlfvFvWuqS7OyLtcdhPNzOWNJuPB KLHq5E6ZKd8ukKZw0BYOGIktbDTV2YNYkmV1nw0YTaSurhxuZjhsqgMymmx1xnDY sG1sbIxByF3VyIEsfr9bIZdbMq02ixvEqaFhmsvZLNTN89kVIbtB702U5WcZGpoS M2tn+OkTj9Feu7ey9MIx+vVnQ2p7oCB/aujWhZO78iK1qlBItWqpMONfB6ZML9OE uGxuBCEXshFjXo6oVA7i2tVkhTjBaqkuLq7mq3eLxdqc4t2F5TmlfOnuHDGHHozm mLQ+3rdbK2o1B6Na3rjZ7Q5Zix2bQ6Ha4sAWWfBMBUZzxljHMGkKkCy7AYMl9ktZ 5IOXxh8qD7NRGivLOH+Vu8KK1aZcrrAkUw9fgdVpGefJlyuMRmu4ohqXPp/Hs7Gx OENt86Hm8efmt143c/vOjW8/UvDQE6VTr2vy3ZI3aeD23c0T77/tkZDB3zGZH2pr 8lgyQtGRZbOHewtURd9av/3b3dxn9+1sm1NtE7iLX1xcoWi5dWhocyPM+43j5wQT +O8iq0RDpkFn6cjUmxaYVpp4k43AcRHLUQRB6eEGudc4QcVzuTYdr9st2sy5cl6+ O1fIpXI5p6bm/ZzJlK/enBU8w9h7BgpQh3/SJBGDEYDYDS9AFuoChheAoApGjzRW yL5JGmxN2CiXe/KJsdJUEK6wCqZF9skL2655Ym7X/ddNXzrRtWj+i+sTiQvbqPx7 c/bKahMfz76m5M7E2Z++kPj4ruCSRYl3HQ7aR2e+RVviZibbiLgLb4LPTuxG1Isu Zy6fu9spOsFUp0mnPRjVFfFFu3W8eZPXW5q9RS51HDw8G7iSfRLH+EscY5rKKeSQ UI8fnW4Uqio5aLJiQ1mhVQ0eBen3fvzZwendk8V53a8cqiuc0rv1ulnVjnW/uj/a ENJa88U2fqi9KR/8mfH1zw59MzE+uytUmD9PyI5cu+Pw4p9T2QYWkqSSjBaj72Xk zmeIfnxM7FRpO/TqvDybneNUeBNvElFisu0W1WX5ashsvudgNN/O23eL+WWlB6Nl Kl61u4w37tebTHa6n+Psbtf+vLxytX2LPyW0kuRKzEoNWpJTNnpkLp4ISCprD4KL QcOJFMMEj9vIBBO8YtzzGN0VjXxNmJeUNynWgmuh3pVfVOtPvPBWSYVbP3++Lj8Y fIvWhBpK8m2Zi8wXFqbkWTYz8cvQ5IpczcW/OyJiYjjSkHXxJ8ailonRxBNXyTKz y0maqECTYrJdnEF0Bp1Lt08X18lUvE7FcUqVysrrjXnGoPEp40+MMpXRulskKmrh VcW5qt2q8uy83LyD0dziooPRYiWv3F3M6/cbdToPI06JyrbFkyLLVRSBGQszgkhG 7OKJ+fNSRDGcQElShvkvkyST2asrCaJaaC0qjYQSv3s1SQ99frDsVZ2rujARvYIS 0d4S08XTOdGJiYFoW05iQ6Sj2AILdqVOJ+nAdPYh6GwpuVnMKvT6vLC+PqrifT4t lyPL4XN2i1Rm1jPtLYL26omhxzBoeM0A7TVotRbeslsrWLRapWG/0ciVbnG5go5N yqT010m2zBhOqm1KX5vCkv0isNsSIRhNQuVehf9KbbV9SZurmOmCjbNgUhOqp0xq 3jX34jjZSeVH5n172SLn5GumXr9/TvdDK9ffYC6vofcXFJgVMsuUQh+dQ2f9irZ8 x5KVODuwOLAz8elzLyQ+uuuaayMDPSW6UEibV9aKjdKUPHB5kIcsUiCaZEqF8mBU YTGZTQejZp5s0Ur2GF21B1Md/jJfpL7RwypLUVliIMUIerDEb9N80dpYYNdeTfuQ xupuaUvLoQHvzSUdop+oDCpOy6tUNqKBTdFgftktahxWm/Vg1MarVfuVShfZYkiS twIzhNQjRtCUJEly5IUaCVerUbJ336TyQH2RO9eZuTjzwqZ0Jw+UeO3auWqLNzJn TmLFVSIS0ppdLbDY0Bfs68jZPmo1WSJOqHSIKlOHwxH2anR+vsBbcDCa4SWhcOhg tMrm5MO8w15p19Puyso8+VmrrYo3mWqznGE+bzgQPGNjpsIWZpY9EIZwSNM7CHvF LB+ASFDw2ngllU01HuzheKymq4ulyY9StzyDEVui/4K6EoNKbkysXZO4B7orld2X Hu5iuoDeRqfLCiQWXHg8xR1dQfs0uuVBWlV3wc1/2pAY+2bi3q9g3IUwz3ZXQI/x L2Q86FFJWsWCpN4INp8ho6Ky4mA0W1fJW4Z5wcYrldXO7EreNVxyeeDwadhYwxjz iYqkOFGr1Rb2cZBzaThMzo0eCplnw7VcSQWpnn+0IJSVIVMqLd4yurTUa9NuuvhG ZYnZqJBfPdg6LicyUNtAr733l20imyhC2kyXOOlfj/MHZ/f4uxPXv3TyKwbJ5jtm F34Ku2DAbF4i2kgmnwkLaFZl89m7VULGJrs937hJFvwLuPiXK+blULks34eBVJrg iaLvmZycGkww8qbk3KbjuF0bXryre/vFQ0f/8+ad44mMY9++/qGu/r1LBm6d6TdM PUSF775DxUNfS/zidx8lnt3H/TxxKjG2g2qPvU3zbut95Pesb8znqpV0JkDaRG+2 i3ftFrOzofRJvZW0ls3HZt62uaCgNE9S4Aqj5FVJM7KkxZJDyZQH9uffSFwBb0oH 78lflXSdmHehoN/McJaFEpPSsnTuow86tj69aGXD2tX3TSmbtqplUcXFCe1FNs3V 2n7s+0sPLi8TZky4c/WsNe05mJSTY/gcYwjixMQSsSrbSUIhwodAYzJBUaCCU3Aw 6vYpMs0Ho5kT+Am7M/nivDynz4s9yc01NY3eEN2SgTkmyAZlhO8LB0kytGx+SYnX pfFJ3jKbX75ylJLLaLNJ8wwkzl/Ge3hMy5L/DG+EHtZYfVfYtE8/+vDBBxtmVw34 a+vLEx/7ou6+wnAgFFqxevZ1c2uat64a4KYlvt3R7GbSduV8c/jYnWPVSse8hfs7 ugqVoaqbmg51deRouG9c/A9H+6Y5Cza3ML1aNX6O3wO5Kyd3iPog8yGDpUGUE41g ZZNQBCVWM9w/u8s+bBd0vN2erSkoELJLBV7YLZaazUxCzYJ9/1QbtdkKXWf1+vLC swpFBdlfnjScEFmQLDhPcs/gXEsTEhYUjIjSnGSqgzlFA6ShcnMuBwmQJqAyyDVb YVnT8xNbWVhBuZSoGN/MjF43c92myvUb121vXfbz27t2X7/I1j6/s/maSPi65cN3 TW1Z9+TQ107Rmr4loZvWdS4ZiNSvvK171YEBQ3bib30L/eVDrRMX9laKK+6av2z3 nKIqapJsDQgj3AJZcZFZYqneZMSkZOT1eTSDz8szqhzEwTsgNzy3n9ep8+wteftd Lrd6CzTUzYbBDO2ZADV0/+0MGywWT5cm33BqNjO7MeHycMDSAiJUGZMryhahfqE1 UF5Ts0WS/BosA82azcGGyoB5ETyu/bNildYLJCXzCoOtoDEiEFPdMhxNoGQANuRt 9DtEKsVspaSlSrO5uJS3WjChBSx8aJ/PF87aokv2EXYRfbOFkxyBvGbCN2Y6CLqn FjkWHSdZf0k8jWmngLMIizPNPs/S+2Mbv7O6Qm0uCNH9tSWGoslLutqXT8wy+hvo 3fUBA/3N9VM76ysnFVfffOhW7t4pNS4bZFTnaZ9+MTK0dZI7FLv3Zm71bDHfEArp C6LT2Ris4+cVgxiDl2xG3GD8NREEp12WcoZNEsbK5jWxTkW7UUi7UUa7vSYLz5k0 WCQoVXAkzNmCjtjzFSreW2Cx5BKOmkzKTDN28HP9SrjDTH8lBWZrXGRTcyKjhA0z YUD6UEx+ZTxzgpILWjPWsmYml0m/SEE9/HcSY19P/MGUm+tx0283hkyGl2nLN6js k0B4Ah3NLXD7sxL33y3M+teTQmN0VsgBf1BbHvAMNlz4SFjxr93cv3ZMaKhWh0Jq R2Cg618vQ/Rgp3qgj3HMeT6c0vrwGULHP3xab6BdGPSHoprluDKaIxQiKitGVfqO Qo3Gz/sfEFdphjVxzZhGIBqDpkdzj2afRqblNRpHOS0Tyviyx0TB6i04FPVaXOZy 8z5z3CyUA3FmbJyJfn9Jh2DOxJUjw5JjKYXXzVsMDgNveMhhMGdmKnNHqMbHV7CX quBmVFRUFo8ocXUMF8pgQHItkh7GKTY3QeDhGGHFuDowbzXW0imVxwycUvjVKZ80 IPlPgYBX8kZ9vqrKAq+0asYi2lPVCEOAxTWUhIdLzktskNaaVdyT+tkPz+pa24jj Le7CWR1TFthvHxweblm0IcKpM/0lib9qf/5KWXt5dGXj3UL/5AnXtt/7eEbz0g21 06ffVhF0Nt12e2L/5IbKPKs2RF/ili6ra3G0LMEJQdC/HPQ/L3sQZ+7KyKDoLaFF MsxsD4oyA/wgqyHDk+HhPXvEDGuW41A0i2RT1e0+RsMMxhufr9xQVpY9YpZWI7AD Adi8ywSAzbM3NSXtH4gBjbOlxohAgiff51f4oXeQOSzQMOikGWR2wULnCe3zFk24 9uEZi57bOvn2jvY2PsPmD/9tgs7dNKV8wy2rb6jrmerl8+ikFs/1bz/25Jk1zvwG g9A02FWVa1JVqv/1evecSIX5hRdO/MwzuaMMerYM45wOOXOTjWLUhQNBXJxSmjds nugiJoPJZeJVeSaqN1EHFqu+og6T3q7n9Q+KdmseQgd7xDyDwaA2ucxmDwdNUd/u lGz8KYw5ywFsDxJm+lKsx/TxFuP1DYgmObrPIsxyat5qDN+SDCLArEtGvwbRCZAh ZfT5yVuMFS2h9uua7PWDE9tuFOvCU/pnh3/80qpXtk7fwR94vbkzd+D4yMy7YrXV 0ZbahiLzv87e/8EtUHPGR4xPCICP+fCgl4tlxsMGg/5Q1GAJZwbtQT7IBpJflJcH 3rKxKOSHogqipOoRU2Y+72EMZYLu8dSWsJExTkK+/42XKTGG3cBIDd0fYEiX+Yd1 pMJT42cGNT0kG2MvIkSYxqTwAy+k2CjPDFR/EtHqm+Yti+w/uvbFm1uuq9O5a1uD w3esWFVSX1vv1F3BzJumtBY6NJXq/UJra+H5j/d/sMpiTxyZMl8syTw1NvaS3l1f 3hgCDZaCx/eDxw5w+SaxxWW25rqNvPEB0e3WWMlE1zuOTx0ccRgcLsc5BxaYDqtg 5a0PwlRoEG7ZI2pQYzMRt8lwe1aWx7RVIVHiM1PdW8Y6cDk5u13BYnB4NeMvrCqi EKmoIZy9K0gAr8fNJnHIdg3PfDy5gh8Wrx3ufvWX1564dfGumUH+4mjVxqHptzdf Ky/ujV5zs+Zwa1fgn5/tef8WceU3t5vWPzGnoY3OvO7OSQceZvPFVDD7z7JHEe29 XnSpFUrFoajSYjCB1Vb614CeuAwul2vM9ZpLlsEjSj4m2vO9HS6EBwv4ggdy4Odw 7gOuADdix5J77JiBduuxSvqs4k3Gc8nPZsLKZLep+2y4ggl0agVxefJGgAnGSkBg OFyBCDCCfvlYT1jC3KJPMxxFpYlrSnwW9Uafw2bMEFQN60YGptYsMofL3KU+Z8an /OyLT7ZGPRbMA1KEiZsXxiScFS67fvugX/PdCSGTT1zQtQwyjRB1opl/F/ysIM1k BvlPcXaLe7rfr1YGldW8cs9YNdVX51UHq3lVdXVQP51OF4mBWmCX9IY8Q9DwqWHc IPPwBkOwg+IRPPmrWKF3dPAde0RHdrCJb9oTNPjV2vyuAkamIpCioCDX3dLS1eYy mGlXW25uL6cqDAnFE7bKDFAOmcwSJmRmF5sVNHq06LJYZoa3FktCcioA+jFvCJMD QsV1wVMBNusig4pTFVhLX2Ec0hZRkhsmRDATp+ANBpHFckFyp1FXB/XyK6RwK9YJ ki8YlmYIyXpKzmINm0OqJcwsq81NJU1joWlwRW6W5pBLCwxPPv/uM6q8gpefmRHp ymmNnlt+R911J7cvPnRjc293sFqc1tFZt3i0p2MiXXhx8pLBcEeppWJW7YKYIxy+ +76BW6M6f0f9nmn8bIUm79rGJ49Y6mu9PkPLysnz75tur5vX3nSN3zy5om5BQ/E9 c2dtmVFkTLy2abs/2h/qW1+z+cJZ38zqgZnlA5HsqmIHs1kUuyREyIfNqifXihGe 0ZgrBKIMEYYM5gBfWFR4KGoqsrioFC5iM1NtzaFoLamj2hG7PUI8I+UpUS4H9aU4 4ZWGi62DU45f0tVJTkK5bPUP55rFvljEVJLipPN3qSw5NdHrhSlz+sM1s5qLMvX+ CYn1/nxbhnPqxEKxN6DILAok1jJ5lwzbZxFMSVObXFlV3ddOT2yb3eSBp6c1uVqj VD5yV3t2R1cgcWu03u/AAi4ZX21Lz1jMhs8AUf4ii0JUHWS2WGwTHMKhqMOStuV6 btEqnur5d3hOzy9AwvP0ds48wqlTrglSSaXVwUDghTOGMyQ4b/W8sylbndZjbNnw 0ojZSp9NvBIR6JbjS/xuW4ZgD5X+pcFQGk5skEWff/6Ls+h9Szt9WpwStCmrVBer ZrV6MpitlSXa6DqprzYyXwxplErEcB8SldmWzENR62ELOit+ubdKl0qlt9OtnG3k Cutz5s0zTHEkA8s6nHW26YP0RArPSpo2q8xs68F/Rb/puu8frb97OL+xudgqzyyu +ahB6u8vdn5jnbfPHqgb7OT+PCXqt2uqVJKsNUHWIpA1kcWoTeMfMlcOzqCUZrKF XwMKissaXDanzFLAF4kcvi7AabGW1juyQ3xZsOxQ1Bm06HWHonp9Y8OhaCMRqc5o cRTISPFIdYry1UwCbdB2yQlio0guOVJ+YNYpWxj+N4YriSINV9QgOs3+U342Bqlg sRppN4kpMZbLCFxLy8C0pKak8jqX2+KI1JQFVUpvMX2qbGnNn6irYlp5YjjLockv vTE/x+WsZYxcU+E3KlLiyZUqVIFwIOLAMiFfjh0nsfLtxPaWJlhj3pipz6lo3Fea rT0nMTmUke1vreavkFCms6Aj/T3oaCXlokXAAupQFJbJfCiaSSzYAicjGSlSZCSd wSQhJD56r9S39Ci+3MMv/od3Qz/kC/iTOEP5rjhLowTD1CwKqHIBCeySZ4hjl5Qh wpAyLLc7w1Ony6qrqg9Fe7KqLAsOz58/71B0vp6qCgPtslZ5K9/6YIbcoCodiTCJ wEzAUpEZpEikzzyid9PWd+B5MzVDJdIPMQMg4144SDpGcMZm7JiRdiOVxImdK2Lt +qCGEAdmkQIB2HjJrUIB1qFszcCWX0k3Khmvg2ik5CK5HrOx+dUqecyIAFxaOjNj VSZIXvJ/U8ZWD0mjllRxulIX6e5ocsc22zvnDdW2DrXmqc2+0sSNzJCpzM78Ml9h 27SCy2Vqizu/LKeoo9Mnz8j0ehMbfG67llmGjxr4fCHS4DXMXdDV4fdPu+maxLau epcN0eeUlZu5ssWXbXB1dVcm7ru6pn9VtNiq8bZ3lSTurIvkW8zMA7jKuEh6Ch4L QfA4Qm4UG8oYC0rZTFDCUIAhR3YEZ1w5LEaopehwYaH/ULRQX2LSlzN3vdxQPaJU NpYUZ47kY9nMlBzp2NMGI+3KBxeS3IBjyxjAJoY0AyR+JOcHd5p4aSJfMUskCapI MiUVPxaCySlBaXZ6y/3+9l6fZD7T1vSjBo1u8px5ldUzm4stykxfME2q9hsmFeUY 87omlyd2JIX+anI8KXSKHkdl93UzEtvaGsEq0Efy8/m34BNlYMU2Wcwj8G/3iMSq yOKz9igMVoOGdltvV7u00A11rg6S+F2U6G7nmeyikIdWMlcF+AqXRIqqppYhbJP3 ai+Cy3ztd2teGn7r9yteSWy//abW+ROymld1bLzV8I9zB95fef4vB99fTb949Q/N K3ZPve/5Ob9EN9HPSYnpggZ8LMR3rW4Ti1nAEUsOJ/GV+bA83yP6rNVZ4bwwH34Q yxHbYXg5mDb0+beHUnMZUiwyoUWhUD2xZ/G10pQhqlCiZ1IBtzWQDPUjZXvZbD2S ij6Br+mYW9p99V4Kckv6I605wUamYWzAWLLwyTVZlSG5AF2lsgXKE0sLSu1KQWvz l37ckKFv7OieWHjgSOwnWydvqLA3zIhuvOmD2mk97tw3mkWvnUU2LEXt9fxAR0Nh lklVpXpSaKrzGf751wNnVjvogsGlza6XX6DbPVMmFTMaUTbf86XgpZ8sFnOtDjtW 2HYLi1r4Dnv1enzhR2lQcpm8UjasZTOUyWDtQJBDKzOolMoiPzWN5KZkPJdNOyz+ jHDEqQAJMB8efiWmmqZuaS5N+fCS3KZddmZT/k20YStq5l/fVh9cba8OFkxscVjD 4cT1V+i/lW/tLpb/qTpU3NNenvj6nDYXC/NcoceVamls87EWU2NsIbJXtAazmrKm ZvE/yaIky5Dlgqxm+XIo43CHydoRxEKcynza9do7tJxXW6XleKI14BBDj3ZQK1PJ tDllFmwU7hEt1jLsiewpM2QdcDiKK+gBRLgMI/n5YeVI0gtnYVfJmZA0PLVSY+40 iLFgHujB5mG2K4rg67wb4Fkk1+NXRVkR7wqz9VoyPo3pNx2T5cYHrZGump4Fvp7F S1Y2VS/c1tP7WOdC5/J5BW3VrsLe5XNWNPV/Y3XLzfO4M5G27M7mskhloGTywujU 66K5jszX587QeyKlYbGq1NexsHX6RjHDDBnw4luDzwvHoM2zxZDNwGe6zKIv2GEW tfoOs+FBm5VT6+VUy8sVoprABVH/VaE3Z6pUuQqZZgTnF+oY299iYSgs1tJ8r2vq vvhWIACXigWY2Z63xW1xs+mCrUNtkrxjEeetaPRkanbR1sSPDSW1JYXt+aUTt0Rv 3Xw/P6osbFow55+LE61Da5qz3XnVbY0PP8kF0N9JiDN48e3IEuwq5Occzs52Hopm W7AS9Sh4xYOix2ouoSXwBqjeOuLKhdwmQ2habRk3gige4gyYKQvZxFzINJiZojCL NEg7VpcDZ2nLjO6n+g1+JINF0nUy1iANxCd57/5JNMdU0FLva5/llevMHj/NgVtY /UGDXD/jwa456+szvI38jxL8upsai3M7J4fojXX12PxShy7O7I6mogsDvR1330Zv 6m3y4sQixmoe/y9BjbHmkaWiqCo3w9UoV+lol8LAgl9KCcP5QF5ltxrMuTwl9FBU lmG0OmVEb9aBSy25uS6HXaVyuyB0DdJxImzxIlh+GtKZOngEJxEzD8VZhkCAsgg0 jhOZzdJ5Gin2yiH2StnMQ79V5jNn6P7jZKahNELX+4uLcxJPrU98lu32gyUhTabL 6ZzgT8jpB+WNzuISxJ6V7oniRSf3cXddtpJ9Q5OSnPF/yUswJi95XjToDJI5BUJ0 C/4Sc2xykMl0ARkZ0km2liHEk6QW5xChBg0yDQwbJSzd16BHxDrTxbAxiTO9PLUQ k16NOLUUqBAy7Nn5MqXeW5CZmWPmqNFoxgaEMicHUWoIghSbZvFpkOrqKHX4yjg1 vCMQitErgEgcgipXxayvJBzPgta5iS92nLPlQSB21BdptV+j9K634zpTaTWdB+F1 OxLvbOM+vmjg/tQxIYe5JH4/oyHHyy98Qf/ia8stxmGskEKf0yBedIF+Ntjsn4F+ NST2DCke/5y5GAEcshbLkXEWE53gKTdZvHy+Jx9a4FGoK/hgeRBBmnI90TmLBcTv y1Vek6nOmxwyjt0hYHBpa+LSLrWNLRFogGJ1cMXawJxaG7Ai/+WTZzilZ04TgkkP p7zNkpVfQCf6ptb94v3QFH9ixQydefdeo9lbmDjqrqopfe1XJZUlVrp9qsXKNR9w hp22XEUopBEnJhKnWtr1mMoqLT7HKy9ZvTanRwBZCupqKEcLItXZWDZoK2xl2RAn 0CMzMVnSkTLoSKPGbrR2fKD5h4ZTiMgRhUHhUiC4rtCIcAY03xKFbBcxWC3+Yt5u s8Nxs+mVBxQKKzaBXUXWpADAnJ29RA54xtJUzizbSRjxwDwYNBmLr12y0jWSauAA wlfoDaesWbppVk1bv7YgPzcYbgskPnS6fX76YNBnytAdfcloDtYn9Wj6LXunZJwo ctlq1/Zzn02qz8WsprG4s5z1/oSGni5szQmk9Sk57mmQgxmQg0zyNTETZ53UHI7B Z3Iq3qXK6OB1HJZBp8Ui5DNkGqlGn6kjaoOac/BqGYdTaXtETsNmM41edUAtsPk9 DxIkZDA1y1BnqPnMA0RSORxWZKmOh2xInhsiQ0FYzQAW+FJUSToJBf+HHVgz4NQP 1IdNcYH586RDP+4q6s7HwhLHn3AwEfNaDT/jQoIrSHxWUV9pn83918U/UEVlpa/A QfMTfwzx9QW9E6mh4sLPDJ4ubFGBx/bEJ7QV3+fOIB7RJD86liGycckVGdwRjUav w7uCZ06cqCDBQNYnCH8mzwn62QTqp1W68mVzq8NlmYoP26Pta9e0NZR348Dj5KSP +Aldy2/Dc42kUfQZ8H0W4yrjsDFuPGeUGS+9yPCUvoVLvQ1fd0u9zXAO8Q28MIiA wZdeambHUpdcevEPX7r61dzjH32EcXH4pi6hN+D9PH6NoFLM4+KEN/Auvoe/h5fp eV4RF+WUkz0lV6rkTxVCGw3dZ8IV7MDZWXbECm9FQL9KetkNL730Er/to48uDn34 YVI+rseza0AznthENR8f5uhTHCcTpN4TPAFdZr2seeVDdgcl19HnuAg3F+3doomj PPe0SCjOg1FBRklhPfzb9NlUvNZd5eYiiXL6Gn3uEdw7kf8mnYs1uY54RYMC9+l0 GoVLyYM7Br30xrcub1Kcwv1STBHxlKRtoa3ajMLZ/Q2hMrlW9qB7iqtlybIpkQkb Z+dGcYQIz29MTOe/g+fj1xNELU85J6EuPj2acFbDKRClqQnPxTzFf+di2de4N2UP fv5DRRvuHaAn+YNcD+51iBlsXM+KVwyJuenJ8fAHLzzNd9GTW3HP04lu7j3ZIziz VCra1DAcD4hqShCif4A4NbmWrTKZK48N6yJk7nJcFc9hR0OMBhP20C35CE1Ifziw acMBJ5s1zL13+Ncbqqs2/OZwe3VDoDzXYzTlerKLveEJ8xPdS16nU2guzabT3lw+ XasrLJk696Enxs8kXoz1BossdokOAfRr4Ev9cib7RXM1sq0WS7JfZ7/ULzO29fA1 TQ7uShUiPsk/nFfx+9ifJ/Dfdkv2yJLXE0cT7ybeTzx1VbfohEvdghzfOR6T348z DR34dYbnxcVzKRWmtmDT/qEWsUUQ+nmuH1uo/dgSFdzlxqm6qfzUPaJJp6srKsHR 4YdKxPIivkQ0ZnaUlD8iFtW5efcjdUJJaWljpdHcZcaUt3Xu3FldXTmzsLSubOzI yRn0jlQmt9SZLgJMdYYzdfBEMW/jKnUgj5klnMtMHTJmXjhOjqR2kNCMnds8y0w6 FuKw7qm4t5HF+y7tjiYjIDU2aS80GcZmB1gFmHrpFG7SlS2AoTFV4xSuwOSaw2KO Oe1JBwqLOQEzInPna4SKjN4HpzTPD/q7r717xoShwBRxpVo1OHFFZOO5b72R+Om3 RxJHZt09zS4eG/wi8cO9Gz6kjT/+Hs14cnLs+xuLu+ryfUpZdaOnqWVCubOsqnjG vAlGepBuXtt6y4xpBx9Y3eZ0VusTmpJ655o1P7/xh5Ru/XHi66efT3xxuz1rwJG9 n1b+8Tu08uMtsaPvbD2YuHCXpWxylZ22FFRmibW2qpk3390ys7dhw6aZ4OcKxEDu kM3CWeA88rK4wiFQIrPL8nKtCrlNnpNtUaoyVSa9TqM2qwWFktfooCK/1WF5hL1L kp3H60163vRbkebk8jqipxperzOr9brCeplcxattZjufidixzGk3GMxatV22AysC d6Zqh1mtlvxUdiKa8fFMBTs7EDS8AMTODLCT8rBDzBAZbSlWImqFbJJ/CGkZtslw PH5MOih/FQZb+bAFe8lmN8BTFZYAZ3HNiAFgt9tt5p8qfv3d+m2RxKn6bRNe+nXg tdO4oJUT7oi8dHFVMQ0X8y2JX9+Q6KeHGNxAi9bQJxILGKxJ/Bq/rMCRW7HmPAs9 YLERdqYMsZG9OFOmxEHjvUpBszMzM1e3k09K7lWGQ5bP4Rw3O3rD1FQ6UGYySmel cZ6s5DdvNK/bP/S7tz5IRDZu2bgucm1X27w6u4H20oHjVPtUb+I/EocTjyX2cCcT P0j8gubR0j/RnFum7/0Ds51H4Se8ij5lYYbLNVnxnQmlXKVUPRxV2vB7MzqrVSXH b+CM6nTZTqY7Z06A5GG2k0SaLh8iC7OtoOSxgNRuBdtI9NOw3MJ9P8PdOL/7Ys7K BRW2bKdr/ewS+maNnMrqJ3gtGm7SJJkxv7GdDxR6W+q7qW3wMPp0K/r0MvpUSBaJ YVeOyaSy263KHCufZX1EzBFUMtFg7pAVKgv5wseVDodJJVPIXTtNpmJHoUpl3+UI ngkHmZMe/OytilMsJUHpxPyJgOSt4cyhpOzYAGMBTawyOem0KItz1ySX1Tjrlvwy CTsFx8NQc8+GIgUWw0zjhZcD996xNlxbYy9f1PnD5o0b3+j9wbOW0q65q5/t36fN Lg0mfl++7Pd7hls6ls0Ldq5peW2sLvzkI1X9s2PXbHhZ+iI+JfdADl7B+MrJsBjN 0Hp9Pi/v3Sv6BKtvb2G5Posa+SwwJLfUmss7chGfMAulPC19RBC0Sp+vuBy/DpKl 3FlcnGXa6XZXOHclvybADF0apO8KSLujMGLJ8cKgMcVgCiIZOZAAgzdLX5lJzbeW XD4VbEp5r8y197CDHywFRx9f+8r81YcHojcvbFjdV7X4tT2zfjZjg2fNottG4ocH tj0zsH71/PXZQv2zNdXtt8+ZeetgmUpT1buuc+3TS/2uN5fO37Xj3r19yr7RWSs3 LFkGfeiGHXHL5mKo+WQweTI/yE7m65VqhUydLcNJtkdwGFmmzLKjzcFoFnwGPU45 3JntcisFmazAqQgiZAK1/6ziVwgxJI9zgamXDblk8bGiBZsxiir4mtjgkI7cK7Br IZ35g7eCLUoP5QQca7z4Jjfpbkt9hVvXpT0nnSVdnvgr3SYX1ImN0mm+/Z38mgtP GgOhV/cnT47S8fPz/zLh4n2Q2wfA11/BD/GRB79PqVaWZchh+0iiz5jdodfmIDT2 qKjPeTznKUSL+Jwco8wLB3uv6DUbMRk+juN92A3H+K1G3mqzufVZOwwG6t6pVBZy u+gl1p5hP4XQGc+YPtB3JCuztl/azCVNrwYubeAmpRu8ZnyG330CW73SxBcqr0nG jhhfJYb68ZUDiH1Y4TZKB/tSwcYHNuZuHBzZ3nHTtOjC2h7On59r0k7RX3yu8qaG G4/HVr25+zs1by4Z3Pf48h2NRlOQu1djc32YmGS1Dh1bf8dYDL4IT1aCFuOQ8Ryc rG8iQ2I1oQajMMHjwWHOvaLHpvRA1JWwrXtFpdkW4AN7bYLzLr+/Rpt7l9msFXbW 1DSX7cS5cybVsO//Fja7QpDZWpTakkKMSKl0uqPGnz7kwcYE48RCS+lxp2KpqUsd x9u51WtX/WrXyMsrI0OTuV+vfn3LPS8suu5iPLtxUceM1TXNN0zePKLJbV4yafq6 hpYNUycvbnJyr2eUfPPGdUeH+r+1dvbwjPyMee9e8/W50x6+dsXjVD5haVdp86bp A5sid174W/Pq6eWtWwcGd0wqm4KDAxyJgTYfgzYOnGmaKQbyZHK5yqRC1PFRUaXy 44s3PBUdZhMOku01CTIPpRmWuzye8pK7cOI1peSXvwyEjXzJmqWVGpEJCHsVY+tl PwWDNxkzOUFhZsYubeOkJSmt23lqk0Xd++SC1Y/3RNYfWf/L33898fufHvK1tTQ5 VDplzeoZnUubc2/yh275zxeFSO2iYxsGntg4MfHHxLnzift+buL2ZDj8VmVWcemd P11UOefmjj372bzCxkkmNhRVLdBH/kGcShQQcuLF7XmXUlmiGScLH8W1irWVPrhP sTdRR4ht4O+VF/dbP5OelKqUkmbs6T5L2a/+XCBy4X2yURgmN8o6yQZhL/KdgPfI jdxDybz8DrJOdgOgntwo7EDZ52Qj/zlZJTxLWmRBMqBYQKz8h6RHGCLlWGctE1aR ZfyfyVLuOjKV/ztpEpYTkasjMzg3kQnw5bkS0iT/Bpkh3AhoQvs1ZBI/lczgV5H5 3HeJV7iWTBKUxCyvIDn8H4kN+Uz+STKN7id2LptMAhxG/nruG1hPvYh10SekETu4 A3CDngYEFBZyp/B3skJYQW4FHE2l9yDtBjwAWAlgGrYef+foevo+18KdxJLwTcEg xIRPZHNlh+Va+UOKfMVmxWnloMqlul8tqO9Qf65ZoZ2v/VNGJON+Xa1uvX6p/nND l+GPxi7jaVOt6T/MdvPxTDHzR5YKy3zLY5aTlvetnLXC2mNdbv2ejbN9ZL/D/poj yzGapctan3XBOeq8IHGmmYzhO54x6ffxDDjLvRjMbMJv6vFSLcUWNZMEbIti7Ud6 pzbPnjU70Dp0/cIblg09Q1w08bTKTie7jtMv0pnz6czn6cw/05n/SmfOpTOfpjN/ TWfOpjOfpDMfpzN/Smc+SGfeT2feS2feTWfOpDOn05k30plfpjOvpzO/SGdeTWdO pTMn05l96czd6cyudGY0ndmezmxLZ+5IZ+akMwPpTH8605fO9KYzPelMVzrTmc5M Tmeq05nydCaYzpSmMyXpjCqdUaQzMnFc4tzfJfw3CX8m4XMS/lTCZyX8iYQ/kvAH En5fwu9J+IyE/yjhtyX8Gwm/IeFTEj4p4Vck/LKEX5LwCQm/IOHnJTwm4Z9I+McS PibhIxJ+SsIHJLxfwvskvEvCd0l4p4R3SHhUwndKeETCWyV8O7DYONk1LF1tkfBm CW+S8EIJT5Nwj4Q7JNwiYR3DC5o78DNplAzDzNwD2AeIA8YArwFOA84BlCQoYL0K mApYAFgJ2AK4G/A44CnATwBqkidUonUlWleidSVaV6J1JVpXIoD0C8FD3gF8CuCJ HjgP0ARYAHhc8Ige2bl3afzi2EVu7OJrF09fPHdRSCb82Phr46fxU5PCqma14EW3 x4BfA5wGYL9F1Aqnnz33LCchfbNRcOPBblh1A9eH1nrg0wAOr1Wza0H5NNX7qL7Z KSikaznwFs4mtX2U5HGPkiCgCTAVsAAgJ+8AfwoY5x4VZ/DvnLbast/8FdDNt1id N9/ieP2XyK+/Eej6VUDXrQS6doXVee2KLTdkrV2Xacm+ZjnQkmVAi5dmOhcvHcHh yDXWm1od7o0AR3OIu5c8DOBINnAJy3EPc3u5R4iWu4vbxd2NdJTbwe3Ez3Y6uYfJ DgCGBPw44IeA3wEE7gDaHCIZ3OO49wmkj+Lex0jG+IfcrqOZnrpnkNnLMs1Z3G3c JrA4gF96vAU2NMBt5m6CPQ1wm1LpTdxsqfxG7hopvYabfVQWcB3nVh11uup+zN2A etZ+BcoFVj77WChcp2pu5lYTB+Aw6lGINstw9TZyHwJ4biu3ERQNcMNI2f1bkLJ+ 3JxKN3KzpPoN3BJY7wC3HimrX5dK16TSJal2a5GydmtS6Upu1lFFoKi5B9eU3MEw N4+bzy0ACadx07kZSKdwUxF30xINNwUwjai5eWQC8v3Irwesw/UjuP4u0t8iVXPL cMe1IOgiPAmraHyLejq3EOkyEuEWAQYB8wDTAFMAUS4iUa2VM4JRAU5MXTfimo26 gTOCau3NFpRT0g58AsBxE1CvQH0dUkalmlR7N9orGJXDR83WumYrF0xVlKXSUqSM jSWp60AqLcaNssDE5hZcI1YCfADAYbhh0gmI4WotQMBkbpBe3YyUPakJKet6faq8 NpVWp9KqVOpKpZVI2X2hVFqeKi9KpYWcAUMYbV6Ba2x2Az/DVWDINs7O4edoOQ2n 5TKQKjkVp5aYowRzNCC+Db1VgjkaMEcD5tjAHCWYYwNzlKj34A4vmJGDJ+UhzcKT spF6wIgcQBbABtAAlCRCZ2C3DiNDVDOZzqJzGVPozFQ6Gymrf5u+CdsWoL9JpR/Q 02yE9EwqPU0/lq4/Rcraf0I/Bq3F40hUaijbGBWOhkKpDJQGq6ynf5bnqkML/mhJ Sd0P4G2DFEfz8j3PsOyxMXx/JF2Yk5MuzM6+VOh0pgszs1K5YY05lRNVauRwBv+Y 2LMDOYonslyzGoX4TWKSx4pYip6Roz0zpZ6RYx4P6xH5fk5unfih0yl1888F3rpZ x6lSNNM//EYWmPBW51ucGNdk1D03JsOe3phY87jZXCc+Giyve3QvDTyyVxbYu1sI fPNhIfDwvXxAfLEkVHfvbj6wffdDuznVIvuiny3iXYsy9Hj4uacn5nnrfn6cqsVs +tAeGqh5jD6whwvYH/QV19kepIY9TWLdb/fQH+FnTEswXwRo+dFTQuA4DR49yZLS o6d4JCWs8Ee0i06W2kw+ukUWeAbfOu6FXumbHbQXw+3F933uoNsl5mxDyph8Zyrd Tu+WbtyFlJXffWxEFmhq1tJ92Fx4lZ6UKn+JFGpIX6cnj8oZZxVHKyrqWPIU+oCz bX/MldgqGn9vz6p7+RU+8MpLQkB8yZ3PqHjsJYtNSk+Amuz6hDWLpaLnJ6Whup5p oNM00PsDDOv993DxXnFx3amTkKCTLVGp/Um/n6XfP2nLqnv+I4pRq46+Lb1YDH/k 9da98xEVX3Dm1B07IgscAWPEsYaGurGnhMAbT8kCT22CuX7bZK178cfUtYsadrFT Jcd2VNdKj97hD0hdqdiBZ++8Sxa4a1QI3DkqC4yCjn//lA/87VNZ4LNhLnBunxD4 FKQRP6morBM/wdvYY/ZNm55M2yYm09qI9DjNPjD+nX10H+5k7e6H/CMV3xwGfW7d QgOb0atNeMVZwG+20C0j3rztIzSwDbAVb7kdUDRSNzJphF8yQttHaPUI9Y1QZ43F Xm2xVFlMlRZ92KKtwDfqLfJyCx+0kDLL+S/0rvPl5zmfX1fo1xcHdCUBfb5HV+DR 5+bpXHl6IjPIuEiDThNZG3k4gjiOUatSa7RyhVLLCzItJgitnI/lIZKqL6Yaface lmICifJr+W+R3+nlGoIgsn4CmaDq5+eo1vOPkEdUD+t/S7TPUA3VisV6J83JsCuy MiwGW4ZJyMwInl95/vHz+87/4vxr5+VN58XzT52Pnz99XkaOU83R4PngD6iGNFGN WCb8K3I+8s/IPyIlkeJIYcQXKYjkR1yR3IgzYo9YIqaIPqKKyCN8hER6wr00buok nb34VQyKdEZLPBzoPM67pscrAp1xVc+cviOU7upHaZzbDn3ujQvbj3NITK0Dc/qO UwerHsFP8MAIxDsHR+7qDwRy4jH2Q2rDOf3xCpa5J6cfvw1XMS3u9LRIRy2/jNas XScVIV2zNlm5JrAmmTlS6GuLF7cNxUvaBqOBdKlUR9fgk2yfuiuQTpP3ShjPTF9d yqQLLqepKpawgw7YRlnLHraWvXDtlU9d81XvYO2lu9Lo8pX0xPSoUtUkPeDkdar2 f3lP+uHpVLqPMhy3x5vAu3RFOj2iYkzsmd4S51rndsZj+Hm/3J45g/EsTwt+qxJX 1T1z8LNvLegPIyU+SNeuWQfEgBUcIfiNsiP4xbDeI3KgOXP6mhfRBInRLwDnAZ8D /gn4L8A5wKeAvwLOAj4BfAz4E+ADwPuA9wDvAs4ATgPeAPwS8DrgF4BXAacAJwH7 AHcDdgFGAdsB2wB3AOYABgD9gD5AL6AH0AXoBEwGVAPKAUFAKaAEoAIoADJxWezv sb/FPoudi30aOxv7JPZR7IPY+7H3Ymdif4y9HftN7I3YqdjJ2Cuxl2MvxU7EXog9 HxuL/ST249ix2JHYU7EDsf2xfbFdsbtiO2M7YqOxO2Mjsa2x22PDsS2xzbFNsYWx abGeWEesJaaLpfnxfzaF5v3f+Px/reD4JQ1lbmRzdHJlYW0NZW5kb2JqDTIxIDAg b2JqDTw8L1N0ZW1WIDAvRm9udE5hbWUvVE9BV1ZXK0NhbWJyaWEvRm9udEZpbGUy IDIwIDAgUi9GbGFncyA0L01heFdpZHRoIDI5MTkvRGVzY2VudCAtMjIyL0ZvbnRC Qm94Wy0xNDc1IC0yNDYzIDI4NjcgMzExN10vQXNjZW50IDk1MC9DYXBIZWlnaHQg NjcxL1hIZWlnaHQgNDcxL1R5cGUvRm9udERlc2NyaXB0b3IvSXRhbGljQW5nbGUg MD4+DWVuZG9iag0yMiAwIG9iag1bNTM3IDY1MyA2MjEgMjIwIDMyNCA4MTUgNTc1 IDY2MiA2MjMgNTkzIDUzNyA0OTYgNDg4IDU1NSAyNzggNDg4IDUwNCA0MzAgNTMx IDQxNCA1MDQgNTUyIDU1MiAyMDUgNTU2IDMzOCA4MzIgNTQ3IDU1NCA1NTQgNTU0 IDU1NCA1NjMgNTU4IDQ0MSAyNjQgNjExIDI3MSA1NjggMzgyIDM4MiA1NTQgNTU0 IDMzMiA1NTQgNDgzIDg4NSAyMDUgNDk0IDc3NCAzMDMgNjgxIDkyMSA1NTQgMjIx IDUyNCAyNjQgNDU1IDY0OCA2MTEgMjY2IDQ5MCA1MDAgNjE5XQ1lbmRvYmoNMjMg MCBvYmoNPDwvTGVuZ3RoIDYxNS9GaWx0ZXIvRmxhdGVEZWNvZGU+PnN0cmVhbQ0K eAFdlMtu2zAQRff6Ci7TRWBKFJ0EEAQEKQJ40Qfq9gNkiTIE1JIgywv/fc8dp2mR xVlcDWc4d0hx87L7vBuH1W2+L1O7T6vrh7Fb0nm6LG1yh3QcxiwvXDe065uyb+2p mbMNyfvreU2n3dhPrqoy5zY/SDmvy9XdPXfTIX3St29Ll5ZhPLq7Xy97+7K/zPPv dErj6nxW165LPeW+NPPX5pTcxlLvdx3xYb3ek/Vvxc/rnBwdkZHfWmqnLp3npk1L Mx5TVnlfV6+vdZbG7kMo+lvGoX9bWuR1Jbwvt3VWFQUSkL1kQIL3sZAskeB94yUj Elj8JLlFArKTfEACMko+IgFZSj4hAZlLNkhgI4sekEC0VbRFAtEg2SHB+61VTkhA Wm6PBKS6CsxCILVRwKvw/kF+A14FUpUDXgWLZT/gVRCV/YBXgbTKeA3md/uoKF4F UXUV8Cq8p3MkXgVRjS7gVSDVc8CrYF+NLuBVIG1fvAbzS29E8Sq8p3MkXgVSlUu8 CqSaZLoGk1RuiVdB5SSJV4G0KF45HeU2iuJVkPsgiVfBYjnim8Gh2L545RoQ5ZSJ Yk5QSgZLzAmkRTHHyVaFzy0Xc9wZRXVGJeYEw7HFmOM2IvGVVexmsJEsRAwKulKT 3FODXJOY484oynHzP/y9+Hn48CNw7yrBLlYW39G8R6uD72jeuQDsgndB/xpyxLtg l4MkYxDYMckY4u2sNdXIGARzs1KMIdpZcy5EGYOglC1mDNFGwZUmyhgE++q8toxC MArkf+704+uBen9Q2suy8JbYK2bPjJ6PYUzvD908zSpg/AG6vUPxDWVuZHN0cmVh bQ1lbmRvYmoNMjQgMCBvYmoNPDwvTGVuZ3RoIDEwNjkxL0ZpbHRlci9GbGF0ZURl Y29kZS9MZW5ndGgxIDE3MTAwPj5zdHJlYW0NCngBpXsJfFTVvf85986+3tknmWQy k5uZSTKTTJLJNiHLJZmEhBBIQgIZwjIhAwREZJdFNgkCQStisXF5om2FFq29sdpC 39Nii2hb6Uerba2vWrC2r9X6xKU+KjD5/86ZmbAUt/6TOefee/bz/S3nd37nXoQR Qmq0HbGoZPDGgZX4CSYMKf8FYfHg+rWuaR+2n0EI5yHEtCxeueTGl16LlyHELkdI M3nJ8o2Lf31asQ4hvYiQ/4WhRQPxj/uidoQmbYD6lUOQoG+QvwzPkI/yhm5cu+HJ ezX74flVeP728psGB97ecw5ua0n5nhsHNqyUtDNN8PwiPLtWDNy4aP2S1/4OzxCQ Z+XqRStf6dwD93VmhKQ/gjQM/+RPg2RoDlzdKB8pUCYyIyek6VAO5CsRhzKQHWXB HPXIgExIjrTIihhkQw6oZ0HZgIARuZAEqaC+B/HIBy15US7KQ1LoaQRaQtJeaMdP YyQpg/vUH3smeT9+bvw/EBon06Fxojt5ny6XvMq2II6tGz/HQK3xh6CE4er86z8p IJkECcnegt5EL5Ab9HWg2xBcR9E+VIdiaBVN/azoH5+V8dnpuB5X4iKg/rfQXlyC 3diObielIb0M56PHJ2puRevQS+hB9AC6C61BQ0CUD9EZdCvkL0QrJkqR8TXCPwJa kenQP6zDxehj4K/udMoV11fRi9CbEfJfQvPRBjQd3YO2oj+gt6BMDL0DfUz84QC5 pfEIjOMheLgDwg8hkFE8hG6jaSKKU045ilajqTRvIpI9gxTMWqDPDqDLGfRbyFiH elF9ugCuwYXYib4DuL+NXkX3MBL0B/wpOgF9nMM6SPkhzPgMfhPNYWUwynvQObQe xv2HxGuJNwgvCNH4gvnz5vbPifb19nR3TGuf2tY6pSXS1DhZaKivq51UE66uqqwo D5WVlgSLiwL+woJ8n9eTx+e6XTnO7CxHZobdZrWYTUYDp9dpNWqVUiGXSSUsg1EA 20V7U1/zMjGjKSZq+AjPuUTN9HMdQREZHW7e4AoFo0WpUqLULyJTu2ju7BtDQnVU lPmvLTJdZD3ch26o3OFwNYsSD/z4qQNxMb+7z81zv3VM5EehWTGzqc/tdoiMB35t kAW/qQOuuMh1Qjpk0JQ2EXX2kXBs/K1qSETV7ijE3X2iM/0YJa0lp3LFII+DQJ24 ZpjT8Qg3psloiojIPIY0b4nIQoqdq0YiqhXz/TAQDu5oaygoYvOHIjaJ2NIBU7q6 C1LtTPV1MGiOL+Ob40sB0XjsMqbnkoi6XSOuke4+Q8jhdtNBt4svdPWNqVVNfNMi FcwC0QQ0plJDipokAFlWjmFNPaY3jKa5ZoxBCi3AZyTDbSZhmSjsi8ENHwHcIMd0 OefY+Inbr8xCUC1ZCEExeodpn6KsSZQnB+FaKgoDItrnGgucGLn9GIcWxvyaOB8f mNsnsgMwqDHEepqHesSs9s45kASDgBAbchFyR2hEiOdqHnKNwDMpG4OYj0DVq9Pj Q4tihE1wjI9AnrKpb7f7hEM0wrVZNPhFLVTXbnrbwY4025e6yOPIyG6X+FBX35W5 blIGmMBeFHCNNPPQGzTWvKyRUCw4QTbKjW1xShxh34BL3L5wGWAGv4Hb0/zvHuFE zSduoA7QB2oS6SAAkxCPLSNTWQY1JXBxjexbRKd6O50a8KureVmEBFIRuB/1Qu05 fc1DfDPgmeoQAIH6rOfaum63mOEnFUdGmskQB+IweoIM/DL8dBjJB5AJhx/DeJpE oYdeUA+lAfQoDESiqaRUAciRAB1EIRaJRsmkkgQQ5Z7d0mLeNUKal3tEs59zn4S8 E0WB9u6+5gjhTijJNPXVvWd3vAf37Z0TydgOZUaC7xGQSM5Mvr0ryQVDBB8SxXqS AgyopSgPRVPlaaun7Y7TyR7m9rXwLbGRkRbe1TISGxk4Nr59Ie/i+JExjWZkZXPM RcUfQ/qP9znEltujIhcbwjWUQqR7mBzraeluF01d/YRULa6hAUiBXwPvrna4DRNl QItcPzslc8D9IANE5ka4v8PsNaCdHK4WomqOgYZwiFw1EVkYUG8fyMQgdNEcpxHI ykxo3EGkho16mpfOTIHlcEOXlHmIDuxKpUIjbjeRp33HBLQQHsTtXX3JZxda6HgC CUE/0DFGck6kcyy9JGd7OmeieowHutnboX/KH5/F36DbJ3h7xMAbXWGi2GF08GuL iyd6YI7nq0UFIEZJb2rqYx0MKQJ3jIMldyo/LA+1os1PKxJMQGOOcLzrJV7k/KK0 qe+Eozbq4gygLDGUaYWChFO5l/ifY6JHkZkTca2IrSQdgV4F9EDv26ohc4KRXM0j sRQDXjktKEpKx4cmRCk5eJBdMjeYPceD6DqSMBiMPJnhi4Th0wuDp4XIFZCEAjU1 KurIeifq/k4jGK+jqc8Fmggkt4veuJpdQ4TYoisWoSoh6iD56eRj42diEaIC+4AH oYgjxeLA6Elor2bFosCXZfTtwOg7bo8O1cCYhEKYgasCuiWgN/X0pcSN0okKAfTV RqZydf4EiukyoNhAnN1iSebP7cComXYq1UnZnSgMROiB2UwQ4MrOaF6aPchIxBZY /5M6gI5MnEKf6dxJdus12W3pbFAfWxyboBwsZI1jPN7TNSbgPTPn9B0H69i1p6fv CQYzTbHG6Fge5PUdd4ENRFMZkkoSSREXeUDtGFp7glHQ8o7jAkLbaa6EJtDnwWMY 0bRkIUjDaPAYk0zj0uUYSJMk0wSaBusJDLHZPgTqrY8HosdFobPvlujQSCxKwEbW JAMCZ/P1SGT4+jHMyDSiil/UKKr5RpLeQNIbkukyki7nG4H9QThcx0DUR2I8iD8o 4D7kwFHCwoTLGY/r2Pg4aNDToHndoswzFwIoWKU/6hKlnqlQbgoJMUieIm4fHCDj IGwKdeWetsGoqJhoEIq0iUpoQZlqAUq00DqwPJNKg8CsAzy9hWQQju1RMeonnfYt JSNyucAeauVrRJk3OUipl3QUjI4Y+TK6nMg8osqzG2pAH1OpIqQpDniEzsh6BD+5 BkY+yEOpwZgLKCBBgzOBGSVe8lMRukHKIljVJV5YVCGoQJBpJiLTYj1qrUpUFkOD 8CP36mJoEH7yKIBCJk+fdqcKQN+cqIYRea+AMlUB0IGsNjIW+O2GwZOiz5Jmuo6h bn6DiCmitCs5ZItaT9sAGAvJ+mpI4cHuS1aGthQekkTaOJlMlZOZa6hB23Ns/Ai/ kQhJ+q8owIuop48wJnKADSmg6Mi1CWI/KE7FtalamjwyotBev0ISL4V24kpacTUv jRRBVwDvMxDdJu2BnWoAlaByNCCYzGZdrkymQwG/v0Rnt5eUC0GQC8FRgkJciAll q/MRKvSbzGVmv5oNFRVVloSCp43hoNEWPh2E/zCJUHDe6cw3Mkn6aUM4+MavDGFD CB5KS3BFeT1TVc9WlHv5XB0j5ysqK0NlTsZihgcda7HYLHwFNrgNJDBVMmthns3r 0E+ud5XkZShjtXubWgbrs/R5tQGX1yI37scXL8nYgYvV+H+sVk9hhS8jGArz7d3m vDLnrc7i7FBLgbe+rqXIHfDlZ8lWPPxw4m3JfRcWS/7v08dg2vDHjJ+H/XiudC7s 8t3ouyCWTb19QsiFQLnnYKlbyunBirNaeanSrdTnYDbngIAwdrAYK/Ws3GJnVTal UnU4okT2oN+AQgZbyN4AU4XtWWbHe36DEYVLwOIsAxhCAEKI233iBAmlDiHn328x it1ymcxitlncFYAnbKedDLmvhE2f1+dxs6wv0evWGYcSvZ7q4kz8MFbjqVZnif/S a+VlOi4Rw0MP4SML8tsLF8obGyWBaVMksy881N7gUzY2yooLc6bV/I4JEXwwWjJ+ TjJZugjwOZFEh26OhAqdpRXg62RiDKtkmawsKSs9IGRJDBxkGPR6rGP1ZrOaVR8w mxisFzjOpdhiByQ6zgI6madfPY0a3vMjO3cSkAr7GwhYE0+lJUQOxs8JgS/di2A2 IfvVrVz9VFoSxQbeC2zHGDhjqKyysipkkMn43DymotyYFyqzSibvsQ/1PPjNr9/Z NrfKvHfFDxe+lPjnlrux8/lF35ZWJt5cdUPi5cRvE+8m/lS6MJp4OdN+Dw7+9fd4 8uNWAAJ8CEhaCz6dLFSEtqb4yJ1VxBYdyBKyHIcjWaw+m80+oBf03OGIXrbF5wtm b7WkATmLgn6UaecoCg3pW8BByPjMNgjHXa9OFJc5WYtZBhwil/HAIGyFobyY8VVg a6isqpL8A5cAEHJm6MiZx28ob2ub/PTmZQ8najx+i0xq8Xvxw8a2Fe3VvsnuvMXH d9Q7pL3lK+8/veOB830zFluMjSpbQUMJOz8o5GeoGi/ksS57YfOKDd975sLNTJJn 5iEkiwMW1eixFBLllQ5BaW51OMrzUajKaWHLy0OHI+WsUuNlC9T5+QWHI/mOzMrK 3CqLdJvBUFORk7ujmIJTVgb8cjYE6gOkB1BKyxjc2EKGkMEYBhhCBCn+S/RxpZRe 20IU6xiLwWy1UqkioFVW8YAh5rHXx1uvzvJ6fRVujN2yeIVXr/GEL40Hck1KGWvR ODyJj8XEXzJMRpWusDxxm8dvlWq91fgDbMEB/BupSc9Par94qG6KR9/YqDFmT4rg d7r+UJzfMXipmPU3Rx45myifWuPVNjaq7Pn1JezAtOo8rvHiL9kKKo+ArTQLsC1B X0thW6DWeH0SizuIXSVut+twxM0qLCarxXo4YvEpCnI1evmOgoIy/Q7HBLcBlJfR BIVFUYU00OIEScfntJhG8NpaUWwB/W34bKwA15DXUEE5UZqV77ZpEon6fr9SpfdV EpQsMm1BBT6IF7qXFXBqlYUvkPY2ao3OuoYLh1nVg3N+937imfZaXkdwKagPsgPt Ya+u8dK9Naf63seOH0+ucZo1xCEIsrhs/JzUCzpLB/7Y/hRKdmRkjaC8TXIH6zgg yCWqLTZbjn4LOwEKasgkOoiqDYICd22NCQWTKhKVupCB6A64mBmZDBO9Ug/qhCFa hvlR4vXE7+/E1hPYjwPRb/85Eb/rYMfypuyGbYN33cHhPjz7LG44nPhu4vGnEx88 3s38IvHrxO9nHnxx0/NYuzfxblKnSB4EWjtRIfp6ah6+LBfrAk2bZZabC9nCA2bQ fIcjZlaqkCsOR+T2rXl5gRy0VZsUHiI7SaEBIqeUBVmT7EGicMksnZ/fXorc168d 9ZiT686EinGXgVuRaFVfBVGxaT2DVbBDvPSXtH5hmi9dXH/mOwP1s+Lrw+EVs1q8 nzZWua0KIO2VquWp/9p1cpFkVfiWpUOby5mUjp0OeJSCj/oXKTyqHJmBUCjAhoC2 AViYAwEd1pWxZQd0gk57OKJjS3OZPIyZwxHsyCwKb7Xm8Q2hoq3yJD7cb8pehQUp nFIsIcLVV8F0xTpORaPwy3c3ISlf0Cg4YS7raADQRswh0DsWkBgb1UZen6+Y4Xmq m1hDkscIi9146aMJSKesf6S+vNXXvG7h1AFfQ+HMcGJbTdt0vqyiqkaXX7l8sHOo zrZ966yrEXbnZvWual94+7wCleuG7j39/arGzgcfnSbYiajl6SQPXHrV3zFUv2cP kSuMesbPsa+AXJWiN5LoP6n2eIpssO0XamGltqGMzoxYBtgDGWYzWewEs6SE2AMl +lKwB0qLiliWPVBkyrDbC9zbOa6kYLtcHkICMZCosUhtg7NgKn2ecUAWAmDcy10T I+HLdS0UfYGRkGw7arLCSpnkXl8x2KrERrXaDDwQAYxjC1kikjTic70+wxsZ61ZN mh8uXtw/fWu0dNP/jEa/ObTXNKmvKTynvGjZos13NK1+/c7FbwzgrpvX5Ueb6vu7 i309iza0b34sarIn3pwxL5A/o7qmt6tc2HxXbPNTAzYrLk/i7Rj/p/xJ4HcebU5x e75Mmcna5G6OtdtthyN2Vu/iWaNeB559zmhwcfBkY5WebBtAGuJOlRlsZNlMq3tb iGh6WDZtdMG0XLcxYNurykVx0qqscFvARsc8C+shsSbcFmqBmnDIJJutM4dC+GFP Wb4zsfd/30p8/GniFWtuoYvJLC/L/h7OeesdNlE8z11eKmlsVBRMnX3hGPvoxV5J rFtwgdCDxVmx8lIbe/EiPZViUC3YnBx7DvYlIfRJauYd6gK24EFBUHeqmZVqrFZL 9JYcyzYLq2ItDgfHcqOCg8v3HonkIxxigyjIBRmzRBJkg/dIrAir8yWu4VCoQmEW LIFdCir9r2aeBvMheNYWorYoiDqx3sGousqQhBLzVqW1Zd2/PwoBhpFq+It7inp8 RIt6vRXleZ6kFgWNwIOeAE4kpoiTBSuFpcxIWZV5RN99/+xZ2ybDXsBb2Fhc3FSp fXruppvnBzfe1SrTmrPzE7fb7z8YqS3uLtkp7WxtWNl293etC+YtKnBFZ/ywIJCt EfZvS2xqbOUtWlUjfk2yfKh+cml3MV1Pi4Ee/dJROA3NR3ek6OGTy45E5EqsUuez efo8Nu8gWLZWJ2t3jgpWa6Zxp9tdqHIMZyb1bHIdggU2nEaX8KG94bnkGvT5bQFH khX3OlWjpvJi1lfhAY6uZwCZ1Noj92EzkWAAjgrsIUYFu0Ns24xr5yyueeKJpS+N Prhz6nbs7o3OHZjVH5hVLWlonVbtMisbdZd+hqtq+Quffu9v68JhI27ZvO7ZHzz3 0+LeEOi/ftB//wF86UTrUyg4OfV2tYk1jQpqDkkkWWzWQYmVE/SwR3TZdyYXGZh7 6LeZEyotuS0BW/9Fsvxa/rWBKxgFtkdXFo9iG+WKtEay0P0MWK2gkWC6bGfHwh8t //3bW975RtfDjaf0tdWeppAzsLCzZglG82Izxz/69vubbeYP5s/y9N+7bt3Ds8vI mgq0HQHaulAQHU/NqsKZfSTiRC5sBrqOCmZOpmAVR2Uy6ZGITKZUBVm/1s/6Dwpa q0JpY9FwMFiav5OjlE7LE5hSlMJBIk5cx5/TZAcRaKA0L/jSfaSk5vOai2JqiEj5 qqTYpAFKWpueEE4xAuWKygpJltSYH0yc26jUtx5q++FTK35/b6C3RmbylmHLlsQf u3vro0Wz+v29NThvWkuhQ9Wk3I/bZnx64ejfNqi5/huiwUxVk+4S2rQ++p01z/3U H60BHAlv/BN4IwOQfC6FY43LxLpGhZUmrDflmGaYFpgkVtZkUrEqWB1HBRW8TYDV bAbLWlnrQYG1ZiDjcGZmrss0LJsQmw9OlaUMU7pVpuyQtOBAi1AfA2Gj4FfsKa2J kvvv6zYa9VzJa1Yb+XdTPqtiye5RJmf/uPiFW//27sY37+7fu9DlNZnxpdvwtlun bZrytKS1s6Nf+cPlc8YvfPPdjYXtFQ1dM9c/9Wi4Fbffe88Dd4MswVk465U+AO9I PJpCq8wkKDWtJv12PcAxKuixU34kInVOERx6HoodiXiys3NMgjHHkSPT5AxLJD6v wYjBlO04GzplCHEgY8B9aWsXFEbZBNOBtJ2mXOf+wj4mDN7rNRCtAvPeQNRwFbEJ wFlFkZBZLCFL0jyzuHuCHm5T0GPXsdy7v5vVtMdQ4PYXG559lisoT+gadbl105ih ZrkhuzjvyeO6F6vKw0sXTNtyabS9Pg+2LyzKSwiSbOAjWJPQDFyQwiYquKb7VIqg ooqtGhVYhSLIYVRWBuWnCGX6YB1bNyoEOW46q5+eMz04HYyA6YLO2Dpd4OwtbMuo PavNLG3K1vBCNl+ImTK2EEl31dR0lQ8XpqX2g1Ow+eNOnszkTsN/2j0Ddpkf+GwC yOQCRviPbrzDZF0kT8TKIHw4+f9vnII9a4Izv1rXUeyTw8JohkXTRy200MRyUAw7 ssoqspSCz4dc6FJhc1+5RkyspHSt5XMl2Y9KsjyvnB5sKMuorTp/5PDGt+5fdezW Ka2TC72+yeXTO5vWHZobmu7BSy/NmzKtuW1K29QpeXmeLbu37rS3CI+1sXNM6qyB yONPGovKnS7DrXtvuK/LXDF3SjiW65weDnY35QfujM3b1eNTyRI/2bp59brNO9Zc PJrV6G9t7pmWW+JK2n814J/dDbp50sSqm+8z6NjCgsIjEa7AMskJW1nWAZqDq646 EqlGNVgxbLHUTXINE5O64yx1nSBQuBMqlGxwQlQzE2plf25rUOn6FYlFeKUZAi5I 6mGiay2YJhLqQJGQtOTijF/qv7N9xYYqVmPxOhKOIK/V5pTme2dWsTK1MTcrYXXm mnQSVmX2FoICZud2NXWNbkzcHegozjaDf1JdOHUBlsZvqnMGu4oTt1TXuTOtRkiX mzJ8zQKrmdVV5TYrYOl+DvRwGzgA6qQ3gWQ40I9S0hNmGZYdFPTMDIYZB28k8xPm j3AjUSKGYxiOZQxH9XrdkYhenyFxSI5EHNjIGIcViuystII5yZ1MKxbABNYz4uCd P2/ValjnCJIlX7WHCTVznebAleKuYFOgUusmiSl+OfG/y0o9WmWGPxebtqTAs0tv +sc/Pn1FW9i6AL9cWptnkkcUl8JpkICRMAI+YkqAj2yoK4WIxWI+ErEgG5bIZaBl ZWhYq82wp2ebnmpypdZfWzbp6U4u5LDy0i1qRf1leuMXNZ5QmqhKCyUqdi9o9YNP 61qa0fEBzWRnQOdF0e9S4xMUeWpqU4JZhSOsIBFY4aAg4aJHZ8+edSQyW2/LLC1v k04LZbS3TzsSaTcMOxWB4WpndbWzP4qahzuT/A8CEA4GubNlXMoLkvTPJzEn7p6k FUq1GKIKLPgVO07R8QvaBcMtKTL0AnvHlAF/WXJ0EpJGnfhJwktS0pRCNylhhBnw LzT9B6ZNXRixLDrY1bk0kpOUKmdRrlaTG/RmBopcJrmU4z2JvGJeI9VYHJ4sT1eV Oq8o4S7xaKUmXwk2bmX72N4Wb9uk+dMK+4bnXiNrmjmrhCzOnVtYPinx40hrIFtF hLAthjWN/dWFmbri7mBiy/x2v7qxkbLd/VPhnFcVURBeA1pKDgItw+jeFC39NibM ZmZkHongDIvvqMeTB0u5Pt+gK9KxuoNCERcalskmOfN9pmEnJRv16oLfKkmgpE+G yNwVmsv1RW1epfFS9E4rPupwoYB+Jshyup9IE0pyMOEoztPKtLasvCxvd7XGE0xk X8ZSr6mfvyTcDa49SopGtb9tAVZP6a/xZWiCM4OJbQum/gtU+9mqBk9wzq2zEgeS ao74LcGGlIQAOz3sMC77Len2AlmVoOpHBSWn2Wm3u7idkvTCncQpNV+iizh0TY1U 3kSRqJRuLCd2THQhBK5LGsnMpLt/s2Hq8I9u+PCTTW8lnlwQq5jiNy6YF+n2ckv+ 9P3bTm6vG//k8XdXM/pXX6lcfGf0d7+Z9RgZe22iW7IExs6Dd+jpFOXLiXZh5UcE mcNy1GQCB+wRwaQvsRVlwrnIQSGTc/tY36jgtmbvLCwMWax5sJdQ03nZUkvXZY8s +P1h7SKSSvVvijfIfPO/bC9X4/BZDUalaY1GWYSuYPKk+Ka2l+CHu2JziV+klh1Y faza7PNiy2a9ZtbBGXSXuWSQ7DBnzy3qrfwBNfCo/cfeMKW20GFWRBR3sTPb6FYz E9eTjebzJ4p7iZs/KUcskSMv+lkKzWoDViMFp2CUrEIiMGqjOlfNGiQSOGQjqtF7 NC+PPxLJ01sz7BlHInaFIJfne2FHkT2hC8GkSqv2yygiWMmIfQyXlBFX/NU6umYp I5S5ts2U/gMXGrGXyTnBVRiDNwn02i+1bffNqWt6ylBVbK0oMsl0hWUJ02UpY7vY WdO0ib/X1DtKQ+XliWcXTPPDceXVCgijLtiHzQHcgum15Djix//6IyXXquJ5E39s /K9CafKBtZkEE+zYR00cCsI+LBgQAuCgHA1Y7TabL2eXXl/s2yWTlSKBnERdz0GZ gq2BMCW5J+5DPznrJjbBv/br/vx+hcCEg+jzGk55J4mheoVz0pJ0Tk74JnXgqvRV /M4+NLu9g+9aWDXQWjj07C1tt980bKtqLG6cntW6ZP76+trl3+h/5BdY198fmVxQ U+G317TNqZoz3KIx/01ocdRWeitDfl/vTVO71k3zBN+nfOkBfBnJ63DOOZriy4BJ CZ4gE5z5ali9aYrA6bMEDdealWVn4Z/sa41GeM3LrFOYU/vaU+CR5E7CXo3yip07 FaQHwEkWTO3TvqjNCWH+l9rpjWtynxayuC1uwm7ETVbFMn37Ow/evaUOtubS93F2 4k+WMk9WoNSxob3u4W8xwWZVftPyrk+3JOpWLQ+pMu1JWRSIj4Q9Aye7d6bm7DMU GREqOhJBelYRzDqaqc52snI3KLuDRJ1lmYfV6iAz7JlQ0nB2mVRZxMPY8WfYPaUO 3YgGy/7c1lIzTfo/rq4aNcHUnOD5Ahdt8oyXPtssE54QL0mX+AS8S5Nb6vV0h2WG vAJ8W9r/oZl3YOqybdVgSprcWeyZS7+JLW/ILp4ZxLe2Tcl3aBovRdIOEHZWZMa9 G/GK6lp4H8Iop7xgGv9E0gy4ONGSFC5OrDOw2fpMidoidVIPj14Onmq5PFttcEmI JqJeabJdRMGrvdHm61UF3XJlKbCMk05n02WfNEsOaIlDmpEFA5n7D5nNJQG8K5vP CXgTLzydOO/ILXCyZxqVeXklHYl2vK2kjS+skjc2KTMLZ/Zc6mD+OWNSjowcHGJk SrTT+RShZ1PzqbV78lmL1+jIDUhhe3kkYtU7EaeXA6vLQf1irTpbzSR1sMQBGteC 9BzrdFpy84MOcrifmq2NeidQw2mqGeclvS7B0JVTcwhFX74vQeIgXPE5zUWlSQ0Q SjH+1T77q+Bjpk9es2uwffJKrY/31nVUhxMXstwFTvzRtXAW3fVIt+nPQb5wzWrm fYraZ6BKsLQn3sBb4XsMHTILSvkPdKJewY5pgmdPIe6Tt+FFILpZl8l9xO7w4RuU qsqbl3f4Sy0aXFwQz5+5fcu02d6eJdPmrIGd3Cg0+AjwGQvf2yhQ3hOMyMI77IJO Z2hlFXq5KMOM9PsyeEugDAXfa/it/z1oP/UOkQk/kvgIaxMf3cM+kvg1Lr60l8TM E5Tey/FxpoXZB+1yT8GnD0iKg9SDdBrquyvcTEvCi1/Hx39N7JtVoAOmwdmXFt4T mrDNFODHOyQo5OSk+JCAMtQjdjuvG/kc2+zaGhNqjJo28JIK2GaAiBE22PBxBsJm IyiuejiDImdPOobpfuCV1WvPPvjJh4nxxCxfT4s3XOTSOcoiRRVtARO3F5d99Gdc 90hiLHEk8WDiIPPLPyQubvbM2PmzDT/4eLi65WvkSxQMX9cgSRjmkokWpPjcZrRZ BYtFYZPLlArldyMKKxrR6bIc6R3hqbTdAPiQlZDamdfWmTAEJgoRvyw5qACHGegh 6jT04ZDMwuZq3fXzOy4+fNOCMluOI6N/qI5RbZdhW80kj0XN9PdLDbn1LcwrBXnF U5bhcOwoDBvGvRzGbYNx+9BdqXEXwCGpXi4RpDl79foCn1xvzbEyetbqcFCKOOQS nxxszPsEOQwuZTyeSluR5NUjHCQvpnV8AM5DchYElHcImV+5FaCbhywvIZa8g0Wc hMnJgqeQHEvQcwnyOo6F+XCy4NGssV1cXnho9fJV1Qt7O5fan9w0snvG3T+eOemu xzpuc/3DFAwm7muMvXXbtm8fmL5iy6pNfy/1mWfsnjNjz+PfbL/Xr0pisQ340QpY FKEPUli0atS5PJ/L5h4SeNbMH9pQooev1gANxAosHJ4dYuUr7Vhvx0rWDm8NgOVz yJyhUct5HslHvNyI0xm0FaEMgZwdkhe0CB4dZ8nxOEhFmB6RpeySeRMWDyAIliRF lroBCXwVX30cghk+q0uS5Ut0ETVVgHikULXAJo2+cQAv5FBlR/iMvFaY2s7ID1z6 1eanl0Q2L5x9Z++qv3x71etdT2Yvm/XqwdEZjz85Z1bpzMl6iea95ZGd83p3xIqV +ln7F6x9akmB58LqJVh2x8hq+cE7blrlv2EWuKvhrOR9yXzAPAvOwarQEyncwwhz Bkm5y1XOlh8SXDaF61BJic3Leg8JNrkiwAZAQ2TQMiZ+X6ZkpKQkrMneZyoY0VDr 4NWzBOgPAGcbgHx5w3MFrsm3cvK+VD/pPRJF85o2wAxPopY8WQRO9VGvKIAJGF7l D02dlND3xGQydhWz9uat7x36xtlbGpa0MW9se2f/R+dXXTq+ZHBgYNGCwUWapUOT +0vL5je0z81nXtYWHV2/fmwg+uja3h2z3NrYHxd/a+4T31r+TSzbuW/nxlt2brjE 3Lm/9pZZfTtapmwgunUe8PIMwNUJVvv3UqiWMtiIczGYkOocXQ6b8wCoe6fVSvhY sMqdmMUPCM4MjI2qzH1eb2nxPiNFE6A8SyT6SiSTxyUpJw9wLGFSz5dqPs2USVD/ tZ2opwLepiMCnzp4SsMJeDISuakMvGJEE8ARHYdbJpfWLPGVCB6lquPg0PpHure8 89DDb9x4NPGffznpEcKlnHrpokldIau/Fas1Fb7gxv3TJRUli57auOvllbsST15I jP7CwDyiyy7ILPOffLm4Z11L4o2kLiAYopUf2t9YoK/9B1KDHwb+Tj23Jyd9HT+f EOBNggdAh4LPk2YTfYrk9yXC8NGu6uL5RFx1lKRc9VcgjaBn8M9gYawaPy+5By2R fgvFZM+heeBfnSfdj5ZJ/oZi0nYUA3OkRz6GHJJWVCv5T1TMnkD9kuchvQH1Mw+g ekkBypOcQjXMMGpjbkY18hzUJnkVwtdouVp2DLWxj6Eu5u/IA/UEqGciAf83sjN1 aBTW6+WSp9EqCA9CIPfbIMQgwPtw8K3krcAsh5kA8zq7nH1J0ie1S1+STZOb5aMK RnFYWa/8heol9TL1x5qItlD7gs6r+5V+GZfJfd3gMuwxFht7jNuN9xgvmvpMb5pH LRHL2xSJArQH3pGOwXe7DIIdIloEKuAhXAB6gOCE4TvfJF4y+A4YtbTMnt032980 cOPC1UsHihpvWh6HQsfhDNX5pNKOp7qO4ez0TVb6xpa+saZvjOkbQ/pGn77Rpm9U 6Rtl+kaRvpGlb6TpG4kwTru/QONPafwOjd+m8Z9ofJbGb9L4NRq/QuPTNH6Rxj+n 8Qs0PkXjkzT+KY1P0PhpGo/R+Ps0vp3G+2g8QuO9NL6NxrtoPEzjnTS+lcY7aLyd xttovJXGW2jcReNOGrfRuJXEfzxjtWW9+huINt9idWy+JePlX8P9eiF2M1xuXAnR 8psgumGF1XHDim2rM9euM1uyliyDaPFSiBYNmR2LhnatysxYY93UlOHeCEH+vO15 5n/+iv1rf4Btz2Dfb2PPrHxm+zOSe+9j/MJ9eMHd+K4DjJ+8/8S968gOKwftg88P sq5BrT5MEgNTcjxh7uiireEHR/kc+ze8heFvjGJ/6yi+5yDj5w42COHfH8Rq0SEO i+xkLZZjKTCNH8tSV0nqKhXaRpB/H4S9EEZ2yfw7tmH/lq1S/9bh3Jw9u7B/N4Th XVL/TgiOKou90mKpsBjLLfqQRVNmUZZaZCUWNmhBxZZj2CVsb6p3e326fJ9eX4jz z4/7z/9T/8n/6T7+h67kk5LzzLnzuNCvC/j1ubwuj9c7c3SuHL2eM2iUKrVGJldo WIlUgzCjkbHxHLW+Xc+o4Ygqwi5WrmV3Kx9Fh5X/rVeqEfil9JPQJGWU7VeuZ9fq 70f3K+/VH1e+jnTH4S2VXMGod+BsrV2eqbVwNq1RYtbmTNZhNxEriDkIQQgNEA5B +Al2C15ZoLawNr/WW5tXm1vrqnXWOmrttZZaY62+Vlkrq2VrUW1nqAeLxnbU3tMo mjBcZzaKIX/7MdbVLZb520VlZ3/fGMZfi0KqyOyBL4F6RMke+MihB74xndPfdwxn kOxd4MDBGIntsV13RP3+bDFOPqjbnh0Vy8jN/uwofCNY1iU6+Eb/tX9r1tKUNWvX XZmzRvy4WTzfvHRAPA+fsH4CX4Ceb46Jn/CRNaTUGrGwWQw0D4j5kOjlI1fW9OOr nvxrEHSQ7INc1qzxr1m7htyJdrEB5nt1ab9/TEkm3tndCB9lzW0X4/BppKOzPyZm 8o3wnS88VXb2wydzjWMIPuIag0+qesZkEPX3903Ohs/U4zgbQhYEGwQrBCMEAwQ9 BC0EFQQlBAUEGQQpBInQEb8Q/zT+Tvzt+J/iZ+Nvxl+LvxI/HX8x/vP4C/FT8ZPx n8ZPxJ+Oj8W/H789vi8+Et8bvy2+Kz4c3xm/Nb4jvj2+Lb41viXeFe+Mt8Vb49dO 6ks9A+X+jT/0/wD6GXf0DWVuZHN0cmVhbQ1lbmRvYmoNMjUgMCBvYmoNPDwvU3Rl bVYgMC9Gb250TmFtZS9GRldXWFcrQ2FtYnJpYS1Cb2xkL0ZvbnRGaWxlMiAyNCAw IFIvRmxhZ3MgNC9NYXhXaWR0aCAxMzgwL0Rlc2NlbnQgLTIyMi9Gb250QkJveFst Mzc5IC0yMTkgMTMzMyA5NTBdL0FzY2VudCA5NTAvQ2FwSGVpZ2h0IDY3MS9YSGVp Z2h0IDQ4OC9UeXBlL0ZvbnREZXNjcmlwdG9yL0l0YWxpY0FuZ2xlIDA+Pg1lbmRv YmoNMjYgMCBvYmoNWzYxNCA0NjEgMzE0IDUzMSA1MzUgNDY5IDUzMSAyMjAgNjYy IDUzMSA1OTcgNTY5IDM2NSA1NzMgNTk3IDMyNiA1OTcgNjk1IDU5MSA4OTAgNjUy IDYwNCA0NTkgNjc5IDMwOCA1OTcgOTYxIDUyMCAyMzIgNzA1IDUxMyA1OTIgNTky IDU5MiA1OTIgMjgwIDU5MiAzMzcgNTkyIDg0Nl0NZW5kb2JqDTI3IDAgb2JqDTw8 L0xlbmd0aCA0NjUvRmlsdGVyL0ZsYXRlRGVjb2RlPj5zdHJlYW0NCngBXZPNauMw FEb3fgot20WxYjlJC8ZQWgpZdGZoZh7AseRgaGzjOIu8/Zzv9mdgFmdxfO+V9Ak5 f9o974Z+cfmveWz3aXFdP8Q5ncfL3CZ3SMd+yFaFi327fJp9a0/NlOUM76/nJZ12 Qze6qsqcy98YOS/z1d08xvGQbvXt5xzT3A9Hd/PnaW9f9pdpek+nNCzOZ3XtYupY 7rWZfjSn5HIbvdtF6v1yvWPqX8fv65QcJ2Ji9XGkdozpPDVtmpvhmLLK+7p6eamz NMT/SqX/mDh0n63Fqq6E92tfZ1VRoOD9tpAGFLzfPEhLFKhupGsUqK6kGxTQIN2i QLPN3qPgfWMbPaDAvrZRgwKza80eUGDWmlsUqHaqRhSoltKEgvel7duhQLOqgbsQ qM4cyCrQeylZBbNaOZBVUNWpAlkFGqVkFTQrbyCroJqkZBWcSscIZBU0W5WswfJu WlXJKmhW3kBWwW1spWQVrGxK1mB5uQSqZBWsbAHJGizvWvuWZBXesx1KVoEqUUlW gepiuTAD1W2wnoE2UrIK1FYma2l5G91GSVZBVbdRklVwKqq8vK8npkeon+X7cbeX eeZd2x9lT15PuR/S9083jZMWMP4Cb9fuWw1lbmRzdHJlYW0NZW5kb2JqDTEgMCBv YmoNPDwvQ291bnQgMS9UeXBlL1BhZ2VzL0tpZHNbNiAwIFJdPj4NZW5kb2JqDTIg MCBvYmoNPDwvU3VidHlwZS9YTUwvTGVuZ3RoIDM4MTcvVHlwZS9NZXRhZGF0YT4+ c3RyZWFtDQo8P3hwYWNrZXQgYmVnaW49Iu+7vyIgaWQ9Ilc1TTBNcENlaGlIenJl U3pOVGN6a2M5ZCI/Pgo8eDp4bXBtZXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEv IiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA0LjAtYzMxNiA0NC4yNTM5MjEsIFN1 biBPY3QgMDEgMjAwNiAxNzowODoyMyI+CiAgIDxyZGY6UkRGIHhtbG5zOnJkZj0i aHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS8wMi8yMi1yZGYtc3ludGF4LW5zIyI+CiAg ICAgIDxyZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24gcmRmOmFib3V0PSIiCiAgICAgICAgICAgIHht bG5zOnhhcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyI+CiAgICAgICAg IDx4YXA6Q3JlYXRlRGF0ZT4yMDA5LTA5LTAzVDE0OjUwOjA3WjwveGFwOkNyZWF0 ZURhdGU+CiAgICAgICAgIDx4YXA6Q3JlYXRvclRvb2w+TWljcm9zb2Z0IFdvcmQ8 L3hhcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD4KICAgICAgICAgPHhhcDpNb2RpZnlEYXRlPjIwMDkt MDktMDNUMTE6NDM6MzQtMDQ6MDA8L3hhcDpNb2RpZnlEYXRlPgogICAgICAgICA8 eGFwOk1ldGFkYXRhRGF0ZT4yMDA5LTA5LTAzVDExOjQzOjM0LTA0OjAwPC94YXA6 TWV0YWRhdGFEYXRlPgogICAgICA8L3JkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbj4KICAgICAgPHJk ZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbiByZGY6YWJvdXQ9IiIKICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6ZGM9 Imh0dHA6Ly9wdXJsLm9yZy9kYy9lbGVtZW50cy8xLjEvIj4KICAgICAgICAgPGRj OmZvcm1hdD5hcHBsaWNhdGlvbi9wZGY8L2RjOmZvcm1hdD4KICAgICAgICAgPGRj OmRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8cmRmOkFsdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgPHJkZjpsaSB4bWw6bGFuZz0ieC1kZWZhdWx0Ii8+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwv cmRmOkFsdD4KICAgICAgICAgPC9kYzpkZXNjcmlwdGlvbj4KICAgICAgICAgPGRj OmNyZWF0b3I+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZGY6U2VxPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8 cmRmOmxpPkVQSUM8L3JkZjpsaT4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9yZGY6U2VxPgogICAg ICAgICA8L2RjOmNyZWF0b3I+CiAgICAgICAgIDxkYzp0aXRsZT4KICAgICAgICAg ICAgPHJkZjpBbHQ+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZGY6bGkgeG1sOmxhbmc9Ingt ZGVmYXVsdCI+UHJlc3MgUmVsZWFzZSBQcml2YWN5IFNjb3JlY2FyZDwvcmRmOmxp PgogICAgICAgICAgICA8L3JkZjpBbHQ+CiAgICAgICAgIDwvZGM6dGl0bGU+CiAg ICAgIDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPgogICAgICA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJk ZjphYm91dD0iIgogICAgICAgICAgICB4bWxuczpwZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9i ZS5jb20vcGRmLzEuMy8iPgogICAgICAgICA8cGRmOktleXdvcmRzLz4KICAgICAg ICAgPHBkZjpQcm9kdWNlcj5NYWMgT1MgWCAxMC41LjcgUXVhcnR6IFBERkNvbnRl eHQ8L3BkZjpQcm9kdWNlcj4KICAgICAgPC9yZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24+CiAgICAg IDxyZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24gcmRmOmFib3V0PSIiCiAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5z OnhhcE1NPSJodHRwOi8vbnMuYWRvYmUuY29tL3hhcC8xLjAvbW0vIj4KICAgICAg ICAgPHhhcE1NOkRvY3VtZW50SUQ+dXVpZDoyYjNhZDczZC0yZmFiLTdlNDAtOGI0 ZC03MmVmNTA4ZjhkMjc8L3hhcE1NOkRvY3VtZW50SUQ+CiAgICAgICAgIDx4YXBN TTpJbnN0YW5jZUlEPnV1aWQ6M2FlMTkzMGQtZGU5ZS1lOTRhLTljNTQtOTJlM2M2 ZWFhMjk4PC94YXBNTTpJbnN0YW5jZUlEPgogICAgICA8L3JkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlv bj4KICAgPC9yZGY6UkRGPgo8L3g6eG1wbWV0YT4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg IAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAog ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgIAo8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJ3Ij8+DWVuZHN0cmVhbQ1lbmRv YmoNMyAwIG9iag08PC9DcmVhdGlvbkRhdGUoRDoyMDA5MDkwMzE0NTAwN1opL1N1 YmplY3QoKS9BdXRob3IoRVBJQykvQ3JlYXRvcihNaWNyb3NvZnQgV29yZCkvQUFQ TDpLZXl3b3Jkc1soKV0vS2V5d29yZHMoKS9Qcm9kdWNlcihNYWMgT1MgWCAxMC41 LjcgUXVhcnR6IFBERkNvbnRleHQpL01vZERhdGUoRDoyMDA5MDkwMzExNDMzNC0w NCcwMCcpL1RpdGxlKFByZXNzIFJlbGVhc2UgUHJpdmFjeSBTY29yZWNhcmQpPj4N ZW5kb2JqDXhyZWYNMCA0DTAwMDAwMDAwMDAgNjU1MzUgZg0KMDAwMDAzNTgwMyAw MDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDM1ODU0IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMzk3NDcgMDAwMDAgbg0K dHJhaWxlcg08PC9TaXplIDQ+Pg1zdGFydHhyZWYNMTE2DSUlRU9GDQ== --Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_O6TKg7wwPQTEkL0I35Woaw)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:48 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00B01SSZHA@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:00:42 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE0060ISSZ98@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:00:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A40B2452D3 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:04:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9DF19452D0 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:04:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8536446B51 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:04:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 69FB547DEC for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 14:57:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from an-out-0708.google.com (an-out-0708.google.com [209.85.132.251]) by a-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B62747DEB for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 14:57:08 -0400 (EDT) Received: by an-out-0708.google.com with SMTP id b6so77015ana.21 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 11:57:07 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.101.29.20 with SMTP id g20mr2748929anj.34.1252004227553; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 11:57:07 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ?10.0.1.7? ([67.165.107.113]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 40sm308551aga.38.2009.09.03.11.57.05 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5) ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 11:57:06 -0700 (PDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 14:56:04 -0400 From: Dave Farber Subject: [IP] Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <8C20430E-6F57-4355-B41D-E8193985D384@me.com> MIME-version: 1.0 (iPhone Mail 7A400) X-Mailer: iPhone Mail (7A400) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_Q5U1OZ2xSXudMg1q5qxi+w)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :subject:date:references:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=c6m5edhY8HfV4Lzdb S3EhdHWGrM=; b=e/VrXqQdsp9ZCjjET8x0ZrTEIhkQqUmT053s5RYCZgPsG2SbW lHzbLOps4J/lKUJOSCwTmMQScqbqvpP/lSnVg== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:sender:message-id:from:to :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:x-mailer:mime-version :subject:date:references; bh=2j3gggyuxyuggchtnQ9AjRLHN6cmfKHd9Ymvf77/heg=; b=I0Uc30rr6SL83MzepAOiIUg6U/E0+hWz/a7BZB2mmSUtgin1u0HQZNttCTSIeCb3N6 /OJUtl4AWs0Mj3qXwFjxW+YJRuFtQfNZN7j+DOoFcGac3RtAmCjOply7A2ppkInIVivw a7bAb0/kfljrdfaYKKdj+QX23RScvmJcmE2mo= X-Listbox-UUID: 954B03D8-98BB-11DE-9DA0-95BF949BE6CB X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=sender:message-id:from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding :x-mailer:mime-version:subject:date:references; b=CHWdeHR1em0ME0EhIkheLh+/GYJMBkHLrhDDfQiSp9Ae9jOXGBTLegRZhZIcunImBC jMC+wBfoUaI6xTQiQBJkQ+9Lr9uRHvuUlyLbpSsSx2lMLUhJR/gqJAthzAbjtJCSyxg1 ckOtyi0ogC4SKPUtCkG96ikHlavMJ83EJD/XQ= --Boundary_(ID_Q5U1OZ2xSXudMg1q5qxi+w) Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Begin forwarded message: > From: Stan Hanks > Date: September 3, 2009 14:50:55 EDT > To: dave@farber.net > Subject: RE: [IP] Re: Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect > > I read =E2=80=93 and re=E2=80=94read =E2=80=93 Karl=E2=80=99s comme= nts with keen interest. =20 > And Bob=E2=80=99s comment is, as usual, spot-on. > > We have one set of people talking about =E2=80=9CThe Internet=E2= =80=9D from a =20 > =E2=80=9Cbig idea=E2=80=9D perspective =E2=80=93 they know what it = means to them, to =20 > their lives, and how they imagine it shaping their future (sort of = l=20 > ike television =E2=80=93 they know what it means to them, but have = no clue h=20 > ow it works, from the picture appearing on the tube all the way bac= k=20 > to where does content actually come from). We have another set of = p=20 > eople talking about it from a bits-and-bytes-and-packets level. And= =20 > of course, we have yet another constituency trying to figure out ho= w=20 > to make it maximally profitable for themselves, at the expense of = b=20 > oth of the other groups=E2=80=A6 J > > Having moved from being a protocol developer to network engineer to= =20 > the executive suite where no, really, you do have to figure out to = =20 > make all this technology make money, I=E2=80=99ve seen this up clos= e and per=20 > sonal in a way that I would prefer not to have, in many ways. > > In a couple of the bigger networks for which I was responsible, I = =20 > lobbied for, and finally got, budget concessions to insert test = =20 > points and equipment that =E2=80=9Cdid nothing=E2=80=9D unless ther= e was some =20 > kind of failure. In a really big network, that gets expensive, figu= r=20 > e another 7-10% cost to construct. I fortunately did this in a time= =20 > where it was easier to justify capital expenditure that reduced ope= r=20 > ational costs, because money for that sort of investment was readil= y=20 > available. Today, not sure it would be so easy. > > At Enron, one of the discussions we had continually was the need fo= r =20 > instrumentation all the way down to the end-user computer, some kin= d =20 > of applications running on the desktop, in the enterprise (no one = =20 > was talking about =E2=80=9Chome LANs=E2=80=9D but it would certainl= y apply =20 > today), at the firewall, and up into the last-mile ISP. Packet loss= =20 > on video was (and is) a real application killer; the need to figure= =20 > out exactly where that is happening is key to being able to fix it.= =20 > From the end-user perspective, it=E2=80=99s just broken, but who th= e hell do=20 > you call? As a backbone operator with a platform carefully enginee= r=20 > ed to be congestion-free, I was pretty sure that the packet loss wa= s=20 > n=E2=80=99t going to be in my network, but I sure needed to know wh= ere it wa=20 > s, if only to =E2=80=9Cprove my own innocence=E2=80=9D=E2=80=A6 > > The Internet moved from being a =E2=80=9Cresearch network=E2=80= =9D to =20 > =E2=80=9Ccommercial=E2=80=9D nearly 20 years ago. Let=E2=80=99s not= forget that. Rick =20 > Adams broke that ground back in the late 80s, and it=E2=80=99s been= all down=20 > hill since. Now it=E2=80=99s moving from =E2=80=9Ccommercial=E2= =80=9D to =E2=80=9Cutility =20 > grade=E2=80=9D. > > In one of the talks I used to give, I pointed out that when you com= e =20 > home from work, and turn on your lights in your house, your neighbo= r=20 > =E2=80=99s lights don=E2=80=99t dim, and if they did we would find = that to be =20 > unacceptable. However, we take it as normal that the Internet slows= =20 > down in peak periods =E2=80=93 when kids get home from school, when= people g=20 > et home from work, in the 9PM to midnight period when adults are tr= y=20 > ing to use it after the kids have gone to bet, weekends, holidays, = e=20 > tc. We =E2=80=9Cget it=E2=80=9D that some things just swamp the dem= and for =20 > bandwidth =E2=80=93 Victoria=E2=80=99s Secret promos, death of famo= us people, =20 > releases of new downloadable content. And we can equate that to pea= k=20 > period overuse in an unseasonably hot summer when everyone is runn= i=20 > ng air conditioning at full throttle, and accept that. But somehow,= =20 > it seems wrong to most people that =E2=80=9Cthe Internet =20 > companies=E2=80=9D (replacing =E2=80=9CThe Phone Company=E2=80=9D) = don=E2=80=99t spend the =20 > money to make sure that things don=E2=80=99t slow down when they us= e the net=20 > work =E2=80=9Croutinely=E2=80=9D. > > O=E2=80=99Dell said =E2=80=9Cit=E2=80=99s all about scale, and if y= ou aren=E2=80=99t scared, =20 > you just don=E2=80=99t understand=E2=80=9D a loonnnng time ago. Fra= nkly, it =20 > doesn=E2=80=99t matter how much you are scared =E2=80=93 you can= =E2=80=99t get the =20 > budget to build a network TODAY that=E2=80=99s big enough for tomor= row. And =20 > as we push more connection speed to the edge, it only gets worse. G= o=20 > rdon Cook posited back in I believe 2001 or 2002 that none of the I= n=20 > ternet backbone operators was making a profit on their backbone ope= r=20 > ations, and that most lost money. Having looked pretty hard at seve= r=20 > al businesses in that space since then, I=E2=80=99m pretty much inc= lined to =20 > agree =E2=80=93 unless you have an active end-user sales effort (li= ke Cogent=20 > ), I don=E2=80=99t think you can make it just shipping bits across = the wide =20 > area. > > All of which eventually drives back to network neutrality, and why = =20 > the big players don=E2=80=99t want to see that mandated =E2=80=93 i= f they=E2=80=99re =20 > losing money on the long haul carrying bits for others, they want t= h=20 > e opportunity to (a) not do so and (b) make money carrying bits for= =20 > their customers=E2=80=A6 > > > From: David Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net] > Sent: Thursday, September 03, 2009 9:16 AM > To: ip > Subject: [IP] Re: Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect > > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: "Bob Frankston" > Date: September 3, 2009 11:00:16 AM EDT > To: "Prof. David J. J Farber" > Subject: Trying to understand a conceptual disconnect > > > I think Karl Auerbach=E2=80=99s comments sharpen the issue. > > The question is whether are a dealing with bad design and derelict = =20 > players who aren=E2=80=99t providing the network or services that w= e need or=20 > whether we have a structural problem in trying to treat the Intern= e=20 > t as a network rather than as an idea that enables us to communicat= e=20 > and create solutions without having depending in there being a net= w=20 > ork as such. (UUCP being an example) > > > > Archives > > ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_Q5U1OZ2xSXudMg1q5qxi+w) Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE




Begin forwarded message:
From: Stan Hanks <= ;stan@colventures.com>=
Date: September 3, 2009 14:50:55 EDT
To: dave@f= arber.net
Subject: RE: [IP] Re:  Trying to= understand a conceptual disconnect

I read =E2=80=93 and re=E2=80= =94read =E2=80=93 Karl=E2=80=99s comments with keen interest. And Bob=E2=80=99s comment is, as usual, spot-on.<= o:p>

 <= /p>

We have one set of people talkin= g about =E2=80=9CThe Internet=E2=80=9D from a =E2=80=9Cbig idea=E2=80=9D perspective =E2= =80=93 they know what it means to them, to their lives, and how they imagine it shaping their future (sort of li= ke television =E2=80=93 they know what it means to them, but have no clue how it wo= rks, from the picture appearing on the tube all the way back to where does content = actually come from). We have another set of people talking about it from a bits-and-bytes-and-packets level. And of course, we have yet another constituency trying to figure out how to make it maximally profitable= for themselves, at the expense of both of the other groups=E2=80=A6 J

 <= /p>

Having moved from being a protoc= ol developer to network engineer to the executive suite where no, really= , you do have to figure out to make all this technology make money, I=E2=80= =99ve seen this up close and personal in a way that I would prefer not to have, in many = ways.

 <= /p>

In a couple of the bigger networ= ks for which I was responsible, I lobbied for, and finally got, budget conce= ssions to insert test points and equipment that =E2=80=9Cdid nothing=E2=80=9D u= nless there was some kind of failure. In a really big network, that gets expensive, figure anot= her 7-10% cost to construct. I fortunately did this in a time where it was easi= er to justify capital expenditure that reduced operational costs, because m= oney for that sort of investment was readily available. Today, not sure it wou= ld be so easy.

 <= /p>

At Enron, one of the discussions= we had continually was the need for instrumentation all the way down to the = end-user computer, some kind of applications running on the desktop, in the en= terprise (no one was talking about =E2=80=9Chome LANs=E2=80=9D but it would ce= rtainly apply today), at the firewall, and up into the last-mile ISP. Packet loss on video was= (and is) a real application killer; the need to figure out exactly where that = is happening is key to being able to fix it. From the end-user perspecti= ve, it=E2=80=99s just broken, but who the hell do you call? As a backbone operator wit= h a platform carefully engineered to be congestion-free, I was pretty sure that th= e packet loss wasn=E2=80=99t going to be in my network, but I sure needed to k= now where it was, if only to =E2=80=9Cprove my own innocence=E2=80=9D=E2=80=A6

 <= /p>

The Internet moved from being a = =E2=80=9Cresearch network=E2=80=9D to =E2=80=9Ccommercial=E2=80=9D nearly 20 years ago.= Let=E2=80=99s not forget that. Rick Adams broke that ground back in the late 80s, and it=E2=80=99s been all dow= nhill since. Now it=E2=80=99s moving from =E2=80=9Ccommercial=E2=80=9D to =E2=80=9Cuti= lity grade=E2=80=9D.

 <= /p>

In one of the talks I used to gi= ve, I pointed out that when you come home from work, and turn on your light= s in your house, your neighbor=E2=80=99s lights don=E2=80=99t dim, and if they = did we would find that to be unacceptable. However, we take it as normal that the Internet slow= s down in peak periods =E2=80=93 when kids get home from school, when people ge= t home from work, in the 9PM to midnight period when adults are trying to use it after = the kids have gone to bet, weekends, holidays, etc. We =E2=80=9Cget it=E2=80= =9D that some things just swamp the demand for bandwidth =E2=80=93 Victoria=E2=80=99s Secret promos, death of famous people, releases of new downloadable c= ontent. And we can equate that to peak period overuse in an unseasonably hot = summer when everyone is running air conditioning at full throttle, and accep= t that. But somehow, it seems wrong to most people that =E2=80=9Cthe Internet= companies=E2=80=9D (replacing =E2=80=9CThe Phone Company=E2=80=9D) don=E2=80=99t spend t= he money to make sure that things don=E2=80=99t slow down when they use the network =E2=80=9Croutinely= =E2=80=9D.

 <= /p>

O=E2=80=99Dell said =E2=80=9Cit= =E2=80=99s all about scale, and if you aren=E2=80=99t scared, you just don=E2=80=99t understand=E2=80= =9D a loonnnng time ago. Frankly, it doesn=E2=80=99t matter how much you are scared =E2=80=93 you can=E2= =80=99t get the budget to build a network TODAY that=E2=80=99s big enough for tomorrow. And as we push = more connection speed to the edge, it only gets worse. Gordon Cook posited back in I believ= e 2001 or 2002 that none of the Internet backbone operators was making a profit= on their backbone operations, and that most lost money. Having looked pretty h= ard at several businesses in that space since then, I=E2=80=99m pretty much = inclined to agree =E2=80=93 unless you have an active end-user sales effort (like Cogent), I don= =E2=80=99t think you can make it just shipping bits across the wide area.

 <= /p>

All of which eventually drives b= ack to network neutrality, and why the big players don=E2=80=99t want to see= that mandated =E2=80=93 if they=E2=80=99re losing money on the long haul carrying bits for ot= hers, they want the opportunity to (a) not do so and (b) make money carrying bits for= their customers=E2=80=A6

 <= /p>

 <= /p>


From: David Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net]
Sent: Thursday, Septem= ber 03, 2009 9:16 AM
To: ip
Subject: [IP] Re: Tryi= ng to understand a conceptual disconnect

 

 

 

Begin forwarded message:

 

From: "Bob Frankston" <Bob19-0501@bobf.frankston= .com>

Date: September 3, 2009 11:00:16 AM EDT

To: "Prof. David J. J Farber" <dave@farber.net>=

Subject: Trying to und= erstand a conceptual disconnect



I think Karl Auerbach=E2=80=99s comments sharpen t= he issue.

 

The question is whether are a dealing with bad des= ign and derelict players who aren=E2=80=99t providing the network or services= that we need or whether we have a structural problem in trying to treat the Internet = as a network rather than as an idea that enables us to communicate and cre= ate solutions without having depending in there being a network as such. = (UUCP being an example)

 

 

 

Archives

<= font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman">

 

--Boundary_(ID_Q5U1OZ2xSXudMg1q5qxi+w)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:50 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00C01T3Z4Q@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:07:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00ACNT3ZS3@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:07:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C6FB47EA2 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B70247EA1 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 571FD48C9B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7405841D8B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:09:18 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4855241D8A for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:09:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83J9FYw009469 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:09:15 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:09:15 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=QQNPO5DSdnprQT3H+ m71o9J+JjY=; b=nRgjlnTUKrIAESpIDEDilqehL7yZuP5GAOZHydgU/aV+zKDDv uCrwiyslaPIbq6MGBWs6qUGja8Y5l/DhO2BjA== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 477987AE-98BD-11DE-9E6A-841312F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <222778.81863.qm@web30806.mail.mud.yahoo.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: =46rom: Tom Gray Date: September 3, 2009 2:30:25 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net, tom_gray_grc@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [IP] Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page As the original article stated, Google received a =93design patent= =94 not =20 a =93utility patent=94. Design patents protect the ornamental aspects= of a =20 design not any for of function. Function is the concern of utility = =20 patents. So someone may get a design patent on the form of a piece of= =20 jewelry,, etc They have protected the look of their home page. That i= s =20 all, Wikipedia explains it thusly http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_patent In the United States, a design patent is a patent granted on the = =20 ornamental design of a functional item. Design patents are a type of = =20 industrial design right. Ornamental designs of jewelry, furniture, = =20 beverage containers (see Fig. 1) and computer icons are examples of = =20 objects that are covered by design patents [edit] Computer Images Both novel fonts and computer icons can be covered by design patents.= =20 Icons are only covered, however, when they are displayed on a compute= r =20 screen, thus making them part of an article of manufacture with =20 practical utility --- On Thu, 9/3/09, David Farber wrote: > From: David Farber > Subject: [IP] Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page > To: "ip" > Received: Thursday, September 3, 2009, 10:20 PM > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Richard Forno > Date: September 3, 2009 12:40:11 PM EDT > To: Infowarrior List > Cc: Dave Farber > Subject: Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page > > > http://valleywag.gawker.com/5350982/google-patents-worlds-simplest-= home-page > > After a five-and-a-half-year fight, Google and its > attorneys have managed to convince federal bureaucrats to > bestow a patent on the company's iconic home page. We always > thought the page was brain-dead simple, but apparently it's > an innovative "graphical user interface." > > Google had more luck patenting the design of its search > results, which were submitted along with the home page in > early 2004 cleared the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office at > the end of 2006. The home page, in contrast, was split off > into a separate application, receiving its design patent for > a "Graphical user interface for a display screen of a > communications terminal" just yesterday. The document (see > below) is as minimalist as the interface, containing a > single illustration of Google.com, with the company logo > depicted in dotted lines to indicate it is not an integral > part of the patent. > > In other words, subject to how the patent is enforced, > Google owns the idea of having a giant search box in the > middle of the page, with two big buttons underneath and > several small links nearby. Since the time of the patent > application in 2004, the company has moved some links, for > searching News and Groups and other alternate databases, > from directly above the search box to the top of the home > page. But Google presumably believes its patent is broad > enough to cover the variation. > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > _______________________________________________________________= ___ Yahoo! Canada Toolbar: Search from anywhere on the web, and bookmark = =20 your favourite sites. Download it now http://ca.toolbar.yahoo.com. -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:51 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00D01TR5E6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:21:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00C5ATR5AW@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:21:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88BEC45462 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:24:40 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86BD245461 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:24:40 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 72E1F47718 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:24:40 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65E5941D9C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:32 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP03.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.198]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3354D41D9B for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp03.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83JAUv9009509 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:30 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:10:29 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <39216FE5-6EDC-42C3-863B-1049F6BA475E@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=VyhAYddDcdTTv7MNB YNoffovK4w=; b=iepex9GYrKo1ZxbSfBmKZIVCJTdXmfYseaLAN8ZJM7s/hfX5l AV+JeoP32nx+bZyXW+hLJFPhNja8qM22afAWA== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.198 X-Listbox-UUID: 73858244-98BD-11DE-8380-A5B611F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: =46rom: Stephen Unger Date: September 3, 2009 2:29:02 PM EDT To: David Farber Cc: ip Subject: Re: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions Industry people have been crying "shortage" for well over a decade. A= t NO time was this cry justified. Large numbers of competent, well educated engineers, programmers, and related professionals have had their careers terminated by the squeeze comprised of the import of H-1Bs, primarily from low-pay countries, and the export of jobs to th= e same countries. The problem is particularly acute now that we are in = a slump and engineers are being laid off. The H-1B program is not about bringing the brightest minds to our country. Very few H-1Bs are particularly bright. There are other visa programs that facilitate immigration of exceptional people. Many US engineers are required to train their H-1B replacements as a conditio= n for receiving severance pay. Note that unemployment numbers do not accurately reflect what has bee= n happening to US engineers. After trying unsuccessfully for six months to find an engineering job, an engineer typically goes into some othe= r line of work, such as real estate or retail sales. So he or she will not be counted as an unemployed engineer. The villains here are not the people who come here as H-1Bs. In fact, it is not uncommon for a former H-1B (who ultimately received a green card) to be displaced by a new H-1B. Rather, the damage is being done by corporations who care nothing for the well being of Americans as they ruthlessly cut payroll costs. Any particular company can claim that it is only responding to competitive pressure. But this does not excuse the fact that industry in general, and many corporation executives, vigorously oppose all efforts to protect US industry and workers with legislation that would combat competition from abroad based on low pay and environmental abuse. Norman Matloff, a leading expert on H-1B has written an excellent article on the subject, accessible at http://209.85.165.104/search?q=3Dcache:Je_C0OM-9fcJ:heather.cs.ucdavi= s.edu/MichJLawReform.pdf+%22On+the+Need+for+Reform+of+the+H-1B+Nonimm= igrant+Work+Visa%22&hl=3Den&ct=3Dclnk&cd=3D1&gl=3Dus The contention that what has happened to American industry and to American engineers is the result of "free market" forces is belied by such factors as the Chinese government maintaining its currency at an artificially low level and using various "technical" constraints to block imports to China (e.g., see the NY Times article at http://www.= nytimes.com/2009/07/14/business/energy-environment/14energy.html=20 ). Steve =2E........... Stephen H. Unger Professor Emeritus Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Columbia University =2E........... On Mon, 31 Aug 2009, David Farber wrote: > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: vijay gill > Date: August 23, 2009 11:45:56 AM EDT > To: David Farber > Subject: Decline in Grad school admissions > > Dr. Farber, for IP if you wish. What does the list thing of this = =20 > article? > > http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/08/23/foreigners-attending-us-grad-s= chools-way-down-wake-up-xenophobes/ > > It=92s happening: Lou Dobbs=92 dream come true and Silicon Valley= =92s worst > nightmare. We=92re already seeing the reverse brain drain as smart > immigrants take their US educations and experience building compani= es > and creating technology back to their home countries. But now, > xenophobia and the lack of any sensible H-1B visa policy is keeping > the world=92s brightest minds from coming to the U.S. in the first > place. > > U.S. grad school admissions for would-be international students > plummeted this year, according to the Council of Graduate Schools= =97the > first decline in five years. The decline was 3% on average, thanks= to > increases from China and the Middle East, but some countries saw > double-digit declines in interest in a U.S. education. Applicants f= rom > India and South Korea fell 12% and 9% respectively=97with students > turning their sights on schools in Asia and Europe instead. > > This shouldn=92t be a surprise. Much of the world=92s economic > growth=97hence, jobs=97is in emerging markets, the schools are far = cheaper > and in many cases competitive academically, and then there=92s the = H-1B > issue. If America won=92t allow a PhD just trained in our top schoo= ls to > work here and contribute to the economy=97why come here and take on= the > student loans to begin with? > > Make no mistake: This is a huge blow for the United States, and > particularly Silicon Valley. It=92s killing diversity in graduate > schools at a time future business leaders most need to understand > other countries, especially Asian ones. Xenophobic, anonymous cowar= ds > may leave as much bile in the comments as they want: The reality is > one out of every four tech companies is started by an immigrant. In > the tech industry, immigrants have created more high paying jobs th= an > they=92ve =93stolen.=94 > > And nearly every CEO will tell you how much added cost and hassle > there is in hiring a foreign-born worker=97they do it because they > physically can not find enough appropriately skilled workers in the > U.S. (Below is an interview I did with LinkedIn=92s Reid Hoffman ab= out > this very subject a few months ago, and he wrote a guest post on > TechCrunch discussing the issue as well.) > > Indeed, a recent study by the Bay Area Council, the Campaign for > College Opportunity and IHELP showed that we=92d need a 90% upswing= in > people graduating with degrees in science, technology, math or > engineering to keep up with all the new jobs being created in that > discipline. What created Silicon Valley was a culture of openness = and > there is no future to Silicon Valley without it. > > You know that American dream and American spirit of innovation we > always talk about? Turns out, the bulk of it was built by people wh= o > came to America from somewhere else, not people born American. We h= ave > no birthright or natural lock on these things. Money and talent are > fungible assets that flowed to the U.S.=97and specifically the > Valley=97because that is where they were supported and rewarded. > > Some people have blithely dismissed growth in markets like China an= d > India saying Silicon Valley will always be the hub for tech; that > everyone will come to us. Wake up: Because the numbers are showing > money and talent is increasingly going elsewhere. > > (Flickr image by Stephen Pierzchala) > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:52 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00I01WP0HP@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:24:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00GORWP06D@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:24:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A80F45253 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:28:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 47E7245252 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:28:10 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0740346FCD for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:28:09 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BF2EB411BB for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:21:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A2F8411B9 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:21:45 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83KLgci026979 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:21:42 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:21:42 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <7938A9E9-EB7B-4916-ABE6-7E17B679755E@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=MKTp7qFfOhstamN5V JflX6rcEyg=; b=VDdO33/qSv/8WLnuAgmKwyzbr4h0PmuWYqYjSeaIJBQwzApVY BRkQGKCslpJgyA9LibjpNgWEKqMLh55Wx6rhQ== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 67436BAE-98C7-11DE-909C-35BC11F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <2cda2fc90909031238n5f567ecob98188c3ae2957de@mail.gmail.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Hasan Diwan Date: September 3, 2009 3:38:24 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions Dr Farber: As a recipient of an H1B myself, I am personally offended by Professor Unger's missive. I am from the United Kingdom (born and raised). One can say that employment does not measure "intelligence" completely, and yes, I agree with the assertion, but it does provide a subset of a metric to judge intelligence. The process of sponsorship is not straightforward, nor is it cheap. In my region of the country (northern California), my income is on the higher end of the salary scale. With regards to the scores of engineers who have lost their jobs, I apologise to the lot of you. But, scapegoating immigrants is not the answer to your problems. If you expel us, the economy will still need people with special skills. The specific skills may change (right now, it appears nursing/healthcare/education), but the economy will still need the skills. Regarding the field I'm most familiar with, China and India produce more engineers every year than the entire population of the United States. The United States needs more engineers than it can produce (even if EVERY high school student were to do electrical engineering/computer science/chemical engineering/etc., you still won't be able to satisfy demand). China and India have more engineers than their societies can provide jobs for, so they set out on the seven seas, land in places like Australia, the United States, and Europe and work there. Finding a job is a zero-sum game, but that's only once one has a number of qualified candidates. The reason we import engineers is because the company cannot find qualified people here. The process of obtaining an H1B is neither trivial nor cheap. Perhaps Professor Unger ought to try obtaining a work visa before he rails against those of us with one? 2009/9/3 David Farber : > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Stephen Unger > Date: September 3, 2009 2:29:02 PM EDT > To: David Farber > Cc: ip > Subject: Re: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions > > Industry people have been crying "shortage" for well over a decade. At > NO time was this cry justified. Large numbers of competent, well > educated engineers, programmers, and related professionals have had > their careers terminated by the squeeze comprised of the import of > H-1Bs, primarily from low-pay countries, and the export of jobs to the > same countries. The problem is particularly acute now that we are in a > slump and engineers are being laid off. > The H-1B program is not about bringing the brightest minds to our > country. Very few H-1Bs are particularly bright. There are other visa > programs that facilitate immigration of exceptional people. Many US > engineers are required to train their H-1B replacements as a condition > for receiving severance pay. -- Sent from my mobile device Envoyait de mon telephone mobil -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:54 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00I01WPFK7@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:24:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00H6TWPFII@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:24:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4BC8345546 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:28:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 495AB45544 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:28:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11D1E46153 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:28:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EFB2A43D55 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:22:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A80A743D53 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:22:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83KLgcj026979 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:22:04 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:22:04 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Google [maybe] [Design] Patents World's Simplest Home Page To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <4F875DA7-D31D-4C50-9BB9-04D3DBC7A672@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=t7F3yJEV5X3Illrwl jKO/zXxn+s=; b=ZKfqr+dG1UZLcZRePChGVtJUhzYUyMn9Tk8GFhwhaMPdrELS3 YeJ/47PVuiSSQrjVjBWamRDxg3m5wuhXCu0Xg== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: 72B2D57E-98C7-11DE-897B-AA24BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Ethan Ackerman Date: September 3, 2009 3:09:55 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Google [maybe] [Design] Patents World's Simplest Home Page Reply-To: eackerma@u.washington.edu Greetings Dave, The Valleywag article below confuses two fairly different types of patents, and in the process runs with that confusion to fairly predictable, overwrought results. The 2 Google patents the article discusses are "Design Patents," a different type of patent than the "utility" patents most readers are probably familiar with, Design patents have a much, much narrower scope. Think along the lines of the difference between patenting an internal combustion automobile engine and patenting the shape of a hood handle ornament. Wikipedia (presently) has a fairly good explanation of the difference between the 2 types of patents. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_patent Importantly, design patents are generally only valid if applied for within a year of first use. The Wayback machine's copy of the Feb. 2003 google homepage looks awfully similar to the layout in the patent. http://web.archive.org/web/20030217074521/http://www.google.com/ I wouldn't want to be the person charged with justifying all those filing fees and _years_ of lawyer billable time for such a minimal, questionably valid patent. Perhaps Valleywag gets it right in the end in suggesting it was a vanity exercise? On Thu, Sep 3, 2009 at 1:20 PM, David Farber wrote: > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Richard Forno > Date: September 3, 2009 12:40:11 PM EDT > To: Infowarrior List > Cc: Dave Farber > Subject: Google Patents World's Simplest Home Page > > > http://valleywag.gawker.com/5350982/google-patents-worlds-simplest-home-page > > After a five-and-a-half-year fight, Google and its attorneys have > managed to > convince federal bureaucrats to bestow a patent on the company's > iconic home > page. We always thought the page was brain-dead simple, but > apparently it's > an innovative "graphical user interface." > > Google had more luck patenting the design of its search results, > which were > submitted along with the home page in early 2004 cleared the U.S. > Patent and > Trademark Office at the end of 2006. The home page, in contrast, was > split > off into a separate application, receiving its design patent for a > "Graphical user interface for a display screen of a communications > terminal" > just yesterday. The document (see below) is as minimalist as the > interface, > containing a single illustration of Google.com, with the company logo > depicted in dotted lines to indicate it is not an integral part of the > patent. > > In other words, subject to how the patent is enforced, Google owns > the idea > of having a giant search box in the middle of the page, with two big > buttons > underneath and several small links nearby. Since the time of the > patent > application in 2004, the company has moved some links, for searching > News > and Groups and other alternate databases, from directly above the > search box > to the top of the home page. But Google presumably believes its > patent is > broad enough to cover the variation. > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:55 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPE00I01WSCT2@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:26:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPE00H96WSCII@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:26:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46E514511D for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:30:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4434B4511C for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:30:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 279D3466F2 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:30:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5208E43D71 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:23:28 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP02.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.197]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B78643D6F for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:23:27 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp02.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83KNQZ4027062 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:23:26 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:23:26 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Putting All of Our E-mail Eggs in One Basket: Gmail Down Once again In-reply-to: <571ebf600909031219r16a34f0boccffe7d23d4ef907@mail.gmail.com> To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h= content-type:mime-version:subject:from:in-reply-to:date :content-transfer-encoding:message-id:references:to:reply-to :list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=6kqfuIxvWDbGRBRxaFLpiYx7Jco=; b=WAashRZwMY0Y6ypt3UHodcmf0uVO 69d2zplrdMyXxG/2AB2nz5F+cwW+bmdwq8/504HnonWyzSkFYP0oyokJ4A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.197 X-Listbox-UUID: A3CA7F36-98C7-11DE-9BAE-944ABA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <6EE58DF6-B223-4D26-B5E5-6044F8096A53@farber.net> <571ebf600909031219r16a34f0boccffe7d23d4ef907@mail.gmail.com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 In my experience Apples ME mail has been much worse djf On Sep 3, 2009, at 3:19 PM, Henrik B wrote: Dave, For IP if you wish I saw several people complaining loudly about this when the outage happened. I went back to Google's status page and looked back. This is the only large scale outage of GMail since beginning of July. There were one or two minor incidents with limited number of people affected. The 2.5 hours that the application was down means that in the last 2 months GMail has a general availability of 99.83%. Since the last time I remember having any problem lasting more than a few minutes was back in March (I think), my availability is probably in the four nines region (99.99%). For something that I only pay for with some unintrusive advertising (and probably some nice profiling) I'd say that is pretty good. For people who think that it's an outrage that it happens, I would suggest to find a redundant colocation facility, install their own redundant servers and hire the staff necessary to manage it 24/7. Compared to that GMail truly is a bargain. Henrik Brameus On Wed, Sep 2, 2009 at 4:33 PM, David Farber wrote: > > > Begin forwarded message: > From: "Jonathan B Spira" > Date: September 2, 2009 4:33:11 PM EDT > To: David Farber > Subject: Putting All of Our E-mail Eggs in One Basket: Gmail Down > Once again > > > Dave > -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:56 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPF00O010K0SL@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:48:06 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPF00O3A0K08Z@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:48:00 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA67D472F9 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:51:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 92FE0472F1 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:51:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8F91248CF2 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:51:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D0A4D440FF for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:50:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by b-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 78413440FE for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:50:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83Lo1km002875 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:50:03 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:50:01 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Cloud Computing is going to make Broadband and Neutrality even more important for the Internet To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <117E2565-BE00-48D2-AC77-FB0B502558E0@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_MQY3AtmMjGvDQYCBihXpXQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=op+ArhDkEJvuOLdq0LmjXIIn7K8=; b=WxAasVpX//zkbMTaiEs4+ z7lw7ElyLfX2hfsuQCcLtHdLn+Vpk1fqnCu7qujVhMFaWGKF+B2uZ1y0K+ndjoZK g== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: BDB8F934-98D3-11DE-872A-1927BA7BDD05 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <001601ca2cd5$035f8bd0$0a1ea370$@com> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_MQY3AtmMjGvDQYCBihXpXQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE Begin forwarded message: =46rom: "Amy Wohl" Date: September 3, 2009 4:27:52 PM EDT To: Subject: Cloud Computing is going to make Broadband and Neutrality = =20 even more important for the Internet Dear Dave, I can=92t contribute to the technical discussion of requirements for = the =20 Internet but I would like to introduce a notion of changing function = =20 into the discussion =96 which I believe makes adequate broadband = =20 standards and net neutrality even more important. We are in the midst of a revolution in architecture. At some point i= n =20 the near future =96 five or ten years from now =96 we are going to fi= nd =20 that a very large portion of computing usage =96 perhaps as high as 3= 0 =20 to 50% - moving from desktops, servers, and large computers at user = =20 organizations to shared farms of servers and larger computers =93in t= he =20 cloud.=94 This is going to make the usage volume of the Internet = =20 increase remarkably and because we cannot predict exactly what users = =20 (consumers) and user organizations (businesses) will choose to do, = =20 network neutrality, permitting them to do nearly anything, becomes = =20 much more important. This is not an argument to change the net to provide for specific = =20 applications (which we can=92t predict anyway), but rather to preserv= e =20 the ability to continue to use the net for whatever new applications = =20 we might imagine, in an environment with sufficient bandwidth to mak= e =20 that both possible and reasonable. Amy Wohl Amy D. Wohl Editor, Amy Wohl's Opinions 40 Old Lancaster Road, #608 Merion, Station, PA 19066 610-667-4842 amy@wohl.com www.wohl.com ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_MQY3AtmMjGvDQYCBihXpXQ) Content-type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

Begin forwarded message:

From: "Amy Wohl" <amy@wohl.com>
Su= bject: Cloud Computing is going to make Broadband and Neutrality = even more important for the Internet

=
Dear Dave,
 
I can=92t contribute to the technical di= scussion of requirements for the Internet but I would like to introdu= ce a notion of changing function into the discussion =96 which I beli= eve makes adequate broadband standards and net neutrality even more i= mportant. 
 
 = ;
This is not an argument to change the net to pro= vide for specific applications (which we can=92t predict anyway), but= rather to preserve the ability to continue to use the net for whatev= er new applications we might imagine,  in an environment with su= fficient bandwidth to make that both possible and reasonable.
 
Amy Wohl
 
Amy D. Wohl
Editor, Amy Wohl's Opinions
40 Old = Lancaster Road, #608
Merion, Station, PA 1906= 6
610-667-4842
amy@wohl.com
 
--Boundary_(ID_MQY3AtmMjGvDQYCBihXpXQ)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:57 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPF00O010PQZ6@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:51:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.83]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPF00O4R0PP8Z@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:51:26 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A50445121 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:55:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.87]) by b-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 581FE4511E for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:55:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 321D947612 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:55:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A58D9417F6 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:49:02 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 75AED417F5 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:49:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.8] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n83Ln0AR002852 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:49:00 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:49:00 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=8WBkZ6FheznrQK+w1 k2zTX/jeC4=; b=T/eEt0Puq6I+2PMSCtmIXz3u0rO8XZw2rhJS/kHXvDRN7NdU9 sRHs7mU5PxelQBQcc9ZISePpEWsT7ISTbmaYg== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 98165A3C-98D3-11DE-BE09-5D1812F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Stephen Unger Date: September 3, 2009 5:21:04 PM EDT To: David Farber Cc: ip Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions Mr. Diwan evidently did not read my post very carefully. I clearly did NOT "scapegoat" immigrants, pointing out, in the paragraph below--which Mr. Diwan deleted--that the fault lies, not with the H-1Bs, but with the corporations that hire them. The villains here are not the people who come here as H-1Bs. In fact, it is not uncommon for a former H-1B (who ultimately received a green card) to be displaced by a new H-1B. Rather, the damage is being done by corporations who care nothing for the well being of Americans as they ruthlessly cut payroll costs. Any particular company can claim that it is only responding to competitive pressure. But this does not excuse the fact that industry in general, and many corporation executives, vigorously oppose all efforts to protect US industry and workers with legislation that would combat competition from abroad based on low pay and environmental abuse. Furthermore, Mr. Diwan does not come from a low-pay country and so I would not include him in the category I was treating. His statements about the dire straits we would be in if not for the hiring of engineers from India and China is not valid. If there is such a terrible shortfall of engineers, why are so many well educated, capable, experienced American engineers unable to find employment in their own country? (And it is not "scores", but rather hundreds of thousands in this plight.) The classic indication of a shortage of people in any field is a sharp increase in remuneration offered for people in that field. This has clearly NOT happened for engineers, so it is obvious that the "shortage" is of people willing to work for longer hours for less compensation. Steve ............ Stephen H. Unger Professor Emeritus Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Columbia University ............ On Thu, 3 Sep 2009, David Farber wrote: > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Hasan Diwan > Date: September 3, 2009 3:38:24 PM EDT > To: dave@farber.net > Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions > > Dr Farber: > As a recipient of an H1B myself, I am personally offended by Professor > Unger's missive. I am from the United Kingdom (born and raised). One > can say that employment does not measure "intelligence" completely, > and yes, I agree with the assertion, but it does provide a subset of a > metric to judge intelligence. The process of sponsorship is not > straightforward, nor is it cheap. In my region of the country > (northern California), my income is on the higher end of the salary > scale. > > With regards to the scores of engineers who have lost their jobs, I > apologise to the lot of you. But, scapegoating immigrants is not the > answer to your problems. If you expel us, the economy will still need > people with special skills. The specific skills may change (right now, > it appears nursing/healthcare/education), but the economy will still > need the skills. > > Regarding the field I'm most familiar with, China and India produce > more engineers every year than the entire population of the United > States. The United States needs more engineers than it can produce > (even if EVERY high school student were to do electrical > engineering/computer science/chemical engineering/etc., you still > won't be able to satisfy demand). China and India have more engineers > than their societies can provide jobs for, so they set out on the > seven seas, land in places like Australia, the United States, and > Europe and work there. > > Finding a job is a zero-sum game, but that's only once one has a > number of qualified candidates. The reason we import engineers is > because the company cannot find qualified people here. The process of > obtaining an H1B is neither trivial nor cheap. Perhaps Professor Unger > ought to try obtaining a work visa before he rails against those of us > with one? > > 2009/9/3 David Farber : >> Begin forwarded message: >> From: Stephen Unger >> Date: September 3, 2009 2:29:02 PM EDT >> To: David Farber >> Cc: ip >> Subject: Re: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions >> Industry people have been crying "shortage" for well over a decade. >> At >> NO time was this cry justified. Large numbers of competent, well >> educated engineers, programmers, and related professionals have had >> their careers terminated by the squeeze comprised of the import of >> H-1Bs, primarily from low-pay countries, and the export of jobs to >> the >> same countries. The problem is particularly acute now that we are >> in a >> slump and engineers are being laid off. >> The H-1B program is not about bringing the brightest minds to our >> country. Very few H-1Bs are particularly bright. There are other visa >> programs that facilitate immigration of exceptional people. Many US >> engineers are required to train their H-1B replacements as a >> condition >> for receiving severance pay. > > -- > Sent from my mobile device > Envoyait de mon telephone mobil > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > > -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Fri Sep 4 08:36:58 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015P0UH@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG00N015OXU5@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:36:33 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPF005014G1IR@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:12:07 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.82]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPF002UG4G01E@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:12:01 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 91A2745C1A for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:15:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com [64.74.157.86]) by a-lb-ob-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86F9F45C16 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:15:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E6C646F87 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:15:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88821437D4 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:09:37 -0400 (EDT) Received: from mail-yx0-f186.google.com (mail-yx0-f186.google.com [209.85.210.186]) by b-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79B98437D2 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:09:35 -0400 (EDT) Received: by yxe16 with SMTP id 16so1738418yxe.4 for ; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:09:34 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.101.56.11 with SMTP id i11mr11725294ank.5.1252019325246; Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:08:45 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ?10.0.1.7? ([67.165.107.113]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id d21sm1204and.14.2009.09.03.16.08.43 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:08:44 -0700 (PDT) Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 19:07:43 -0400 From: Dave Farber Subject: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <043EA074-A690-4338-A26D-5103F53193FF@me.com> MIME-version: 1.0 (iPhone Mail 7A400) X-Mailer: iPhone Mail (7A400) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_NG4veE0w+NOdRG82d8ZaMQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :subject:date:references:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=BkSlDpHeDIuHkpq/c bnLPuBYI/o=; b=dYsvCl5KlToW9RIbk/MfdXsjKoPavkIHV6DNHX/ejqyHIURHE N9bb5uVnoA4fOZyGoXAjgmlYjqRqC4iURtdHw== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:sender:message-id:from:to :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:x-mailer:mime-version :subject:date:references; bh=9Um2QQGu5wnGjPNqYsXsdl1o/0BTjJjCG/dN6EPSRSM=; b=HCmUjz/zFLBg8k9T6a/kyxHoud1OV1IoUQebOo6QQafBXoD+oACSemdVqtJcsh7zJF j6lFMFSsyoppOuUUXoAYCPxCC7xZo9+vqrEdRmto7YLJPFpq7V6HlXi6VlKpV2Z9GGtg 469OVm/P5D9oe6KVJP6El5cPd+GnOHkmOiCCA= X-Listbox-UUID: D9BBB5D0-98DE-11DE-8F3F-F34BE991E997 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <829E0425A1FF734EA68E72AA51284A700B87A8FDA4@exchsrv1> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=sender:message-id:from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding :x-mailer:mime-version:subject:date:references; b=FT8vAC25QNSyRgRhjogd7FVJ38/tp82/0yRsMtGfQLeYRrx7bMQAhQ8YPJFpSxfKnF 9woJoer6zTFAVNZOi+1ZT5r9RaclJSFTao2NXKdlroHsAEqRv80RYGEPC7IKj3gN//MW YU5w47nCKxyS1669h72DFMaVLcimFuV6FPz5s= --Boundary_(ID_NG4veE0w+NOdRG82d8ZaMQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: > From: Ed Lazowska > Date: September 3, 2009 18:38:40 EDT > To: "'dave@farber.net'" > Cc: Ed Lazowska > Subject: RE: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions > > Well, y'know, the truth is somewhere in between. > > First of all, there's "the myth of the interchangeable engineer." I > remember a jingoistic front-page Seattle Times article 10 or 15 > years ago, during one of the never-ending sequence of Boeing > downsizings, castigating Microsoft for hiring a very modest number > of H-1B workers when there were red-blooded American aerospace > engineers and machinists out of work. > > On the flip side, economists argue that there is no such thing as "a > workforce shortage" -- there is only "a workforce shortage at a > particular prevailing wage." The situation is complicated by the > fact that there's a lot of delay in the system: you don't produce a > top-quality engineer in a week, or a month, or a year, or even a > decade. If, 15 years ago, entry-level engineers and computer > scientists had been paid what entry-level lawyers and financiers > were getting paid, then it's reasonable to guess that today, 15 > years later, we would have lots more entry-level engineers and > computer scientists. So, if the question is "Do US companies > offshore and hire H-1B's because of the need for talent, or because > of the cost of talent?" the answer is "yes." > > -----Original Message----- > From: David Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net] > Sent: Thursday, September 03, 2009 1:22 PM > To: ip > Subject: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions > > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Hasan Diwan > Date: September 3, 2009 3:38:24 PM EDT > To: dave@farber.net > Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions > > Dr Farber: > As a recipient of an H1B myself, I am personally offended by Professor > Unger's missive. I am from the United Kingdom (born and raised). One > can say that employment does not measure "intelligence" completely, > and yes, I agree with the assertion, but it does provide a subset of a > metric to judge intelligence. The process of sponsorship is not > straightforward, nor is it cheap. In my region of the country > (northern California), my income is on the higher end of the salary > scale. > > With regards to the scores of engineers who have lost their jobs, I > apologise to the lot of you. But, scapegoating immigrants is not the > answer to your problems. If you expel us, the economy will still need > people with special skills. The specific skills may change (right now, > it appears nursing/healthcare/education), but the economy will still > need the skills. > > Regarding the field I'm most familiar with, China and India produce > more engineers every year than the entire population of the United > States. The United States needs more engineers than it can produce > (even if EVERY high school student were to do electrical > engineering/computer science/chemical engineering/etc., you still > won't be able to satisfy demand). China and India have more engineers > than their societies can provide jobs for, so they set out on the > seven seas, land in places like Australia, the United States, and > Europe and work there. > > Finding a job is a zero-sum game, but that's only once one has a > number of qualified candidates. The reason we import engineers is > because the company cannot find qualified people here. The process of > obtaining an H1B is neither trivial nor cheap. Perhaps Professor Unger > ought to try obtaining a work visa before he rails against those of us > with one? > > 2009/9/3 David Farber : >> >> >> Begin forwarded message: >> >> From: Stephen Unger >> Date: September 3, 2009 2:29:02 PM EDT >> To: David Farber >> Cc: ip >> Subject: Re: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions >> >> Industry people have been crying "shortage" for well over a decade. >> At >> NO time was this cry justified. Large numbers of competent, well >> educated engineers, programmers, and related professionals have had >> their careers terminated by the squeeze comprised of the import of >> H-1Bs, primarily from low-pay countries, and the export of jobs to >> the >> same countries. The problem is particularly acute now that we are >> in a >> slump and engineers are being laid off. >> The H-1B program is not about bringing the brightest minds to our >> country. Very few H-1Bs are particularly bright. There are other visa >> programs that facilitate immigration of exceptional people. Many US >> engineers are required to train their H-1B replacements as a >> condition >> for receiving severance pay. > > -- > Sent from my mobile device > Envoyait de mon telephone mobil > > > > > ------------------------------------------- > ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_NG4veE0w+NOdRG82d8ZaMQ) Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE




Begin= forwarded message:

Fr= om: Ed Lazowska <lazowska@cs.washington.edu>
Date: September 3, 2009= 18:38:40 EDT
To: "'dav= e@farber.net'" <dave@farber= .net>
Cc: Ed Lazowska <lazowska@cs.washington.edu>
Subject:= RE: [IP] Re:  Decline in Grad school admissions
=
Well, y'know, the truth is somewhere in between.

First of all, there's "the myth of the interchangeable= engineer."  I remember a jingoistic front-page Seattle Times ar= ticle 10 or 15 years ago, during one of the never-ending sequence of = Boeing downsizings, castigating Microsoft for hiring a very modest nu= mber of H-1B workers when there were red-blooded American aerospace e= ngineers and machinists out of work.

On the flip side, economists argue that there is no such thing as "a= workforce shortage" -- there is only "a workforce shortage at a part= icular prevailing wage."  The situation is complicated by the fa= ct that there's a lot of delay in the system:  you don't produce= a top-quality engineer in a week, or a month, or a year, or even a d= ecade.  If, 15 years ago, entry-level engineers and computer sci= entists had been paid what entry-level lawyers and financiers were ge= tting paid, then it's reasonable to guess that today, 15 years later,= we would have lots more entry-level engineers and computer scientist= s.  So, if the question is "Do US companies offshore and hire H-= 1B's because of the need for talent, or because of the cost of talent= ?" the answer is "yes."


-----Origina= l Message-----
From: David Farber [mailto:dave@farber= .net]
Sent: Thursday, September 03, 2009 1:22 PM
To: ip
Subject: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad= school admissions


=
Begin forwarded message:

= From: Hasan Diwan <= hasan.diwan@gmail.com>
Date: September 3, 2009= 3:38:24 PM EDT
To: dave@farber.netSubject: Re: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions

Dr Farber:
As a recipient= of an H1B myself, I am personally offended by Professor
Unger's missive. I am from the United Kingdom (born and raised). = One

can say that employment does not measure "intelli= gence" completely,
and yes, I agree with the assertio= n, but it does provide a subset of a
metric to judge = intelligence. The process of sponsorship is not
strai= ghtforward, nor is it cheap. In my region of the country
(northern California), my income is on the higher end of the sala= ry

scale.

With regar= ds to the scores of engineers who have lost their jobs, I
<= span>apologise to the lot of you. But, scapegoating immigrants is not= the
answer to your problems. If you expel us, the ec= onomy will still need
people with special skills. The= specific skills may change (right now,
it appears nu= rsing/healthcare/education), but the economy will still
need the skills.

Regarding the fi= eld I'm most familiar with, China and India produce
m= ore engineers every year than the entire population of the United

States. The United States needs more engineers than it c= an produce
(even if EVERY high school student were to= do electrical
engineering/computer science/chemical = engineering/etc., you still
won't be able to satisfy = demand). China and India have more engineers
than the= ir societies can provide jobs for, so they set out on the
<= span>seven seas, land in places like Australia, the United States, an= d
Europe and work there.

<= span>Finding a job is a zero-sum game, but that's only once one has a=
number of qualified candidates. The reason we import= engineers is
because the company cannot find qualifi= ed people here. The process of
obtaining an H1B is ne= ither trivial nor cheap. Perhaps Professor Unger
ough= t to try obtaining a work visa before he rails against those of us
with one?

2009/9/3 Dav= id Farber <dave@farber.net&= gt;:


Begin forwarded message:
=

From: Stephen Unger <unger@cs.columbia.edu>
<= blockquote type=3D"cite">Date: September 3, 2009 2:29:02 PM EDT=
To: David Far= ber <dave@farber.net>
Cc: ip <ip@v2.listbox.com>
<= /blockquote>
Subject: Re: [IP] Decline= in Grad school admissions

Industry people have been crying "shortage" for well over a decade= . At
NO time w= as this cry justified. Large numbers of competent, well
educated engineers, program= mers, and related professionals have had
their careers terminated by the squeeze co= mprised of the import of
H-1Bs, primarily from low-pay countries, and the export of= jobs to the
s= ame countries. The problem is particularly acute now that we are in a=
slump and eng= ineers are being laid off.
The H-1B program is not about bringing the brightest = minds to our
c= ountry. Very few H-1Bs are particularly bright. There are other visa<= /span>
programs that = facilitate immigration of exceptional people. Many US
engineers are required to tra= in their H-1B replacements as a condition
for receiving severance pay.

--
Sent from my mo= bile device
Envoyait de mon telephone mobil



= -------------------------------------------
Arc= by Listbox: http://www.listbox.com
<= br>
--Boundary_(ID_NG4veE0w+NOdRG82d8ZaMQ)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Sat Sep 5 14:21:37 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPI00501GBVYD@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Sat, 05 Sep 2009 14:21:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPI00501GBPU3@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Sat, 05 Sep 2009 14:21:25 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG000016LLX0@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:56:15 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPG0001U6LLUG@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:56:09 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC27E483EF for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:59:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D02A4483E0 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:59:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C3F8549C48 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:59:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D0B1942F2E for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:04 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D9F042F28 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n84Cw2Km007439 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:02 -0400 (EDT) Date: Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:02 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] FCC Meeting and Cloud Computing To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <02C49490-EB47-4A74-BA82-4DA7925B2D36@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_9gUfMDXa7QLDjUqs1uhxww)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:subject:date:references:to:message-id:mime-version :reply-to:list-id:list-help:list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s= launch; bh=hUR1kO4PK26EMHo8sQE1Eeazsj8=; b=C5S2OS6pHGuy0kgxxuPxZ fIMN7CsCTznR9uH8hK8zPlZ+2l4KH1dv9YXPkINnYqzMv6VM79smn6USdVAmGmIZ A== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: 95ABA688-9952-11DE-9355-ADD711F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 --Boundary_(ID_9gUfMDXa7QLDjUqs1uhxww) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Begin forwarded message: From: Newmedia@aol.com Date: September 4, 2009 7:16:09 AM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Cloud Computing is going to make Broadband and Neutrality even more ... Dave: Amy's points are dead right and, unfortunately, seem to be largely missing from the current Broadband "dialogue." Yesterday's FCC workshops were, while interesting and deserving of a summary on this list, woefully *ignorant* of the realities of the future net, IMHO. ALL of the key companies in the ICT industry -- IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Google, HP, Cisco, you-name-it -- have the SAME strategic view about the shift to the Cloud. Just ask them. They will build the Future Internet. Consumers are already there, of course, with Google's 10 million-core infrastructure and with many enterprises starting to test-bed private clouds, corporate computing will move there in the 5-10 year timeframe Amy cites. Someone needs to put this INEVITABILITY in front of the FCC etal. Getting researchers together from MIT, Berkeley, PARC, CableLabs, etc. to discuss the Future Internet "Big Picture" produced predictable results -- the Feds should give the researchers more money. If all you have is a lab then everything looks like a research grant, to paraphrase the old hammer/nail analogy. Dan Weitzner actually asked "where the innovation will come from?" and got no answer. Duh!! The innovation (i.e. actually turning inventions into large-scale viable businesses) will come from the major players in the ICT industry. In the end, no one has the capital or the incentive -- so no one else matters. My most important takeaway from listening yesterday is that this Broadband policy exercize is a mess. A royal political mess. Can't wait for the State of the Union! The primary reason why US broadband "penetration" is under 70% is because 20%+ of the US population don't use computers -- which is not something Washington can solve. Why not? They don't need You-Tube to watch video and don't need email to communicate. Cable/Sat TV and cell-phones do that just fine. And, everyone who wants television and to talk to mom has figured out how to afford them. The issue with broadband is not cost. It can't be solved with a Universal Broadband Fund. It's about practical functionality. Services delivered. Period. When our next generation healthcare and banking SERVICES are in the Cloud (i.e. to two largest components of the US service economy -- not entertainment), then everyone will have to use a computer and will need a broadband connection. Maybe we need a Broadband Town Hall Meeting . . . or a T1-Party? Mark Stahlman New York City ------------------------------------------- --Boundary_(ID_9gUfMDXa7QLDjUqs1uhxww) Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

<= div>Begin forwarded message:

Date: September 4, 2009 7:16:09 AM EDT
Subject: Re: [IP] Cloud Computing is going to= make Broadband and Neutrality even more ...

Dave:
 
Amy's points are dead right and, unfortunately, seem to be large= ly missing=20 =66rom the current Broadband "dialogue."
 
Yesterday's FCC workshops were, while interesting and deserving = of a=20 summary on this list, woefully *ignorant* of the realities of the fut= ure net,=20 IMHO.
 
ALL of the key companies in the ICT industry -- IBM, Microsoft, = Intel,=20 Google, HP, Cisco, you-name-it -- have the SAME strategic view about = the shift=20 to the Cloud.  Just ask them.  They will build the Fut= ure=20 Internet.
 
Consumers are already there, of course, with Google's 10 million= -core=20 infrastructure and with many enterprises starting to test-bed private= clouds,=20 corporate computing will move there in the 5-10 year timeframe Amy ci= tes.
 
Someone needs to put this INEVITABILITY in front of the FCC etal= .
 
Getting researchers together from MIT, Berkeley, PARC, CableLabs= , etc. to=20 discuss the Future Internet "Big Picture" produced predictable result= s -- the=20 Feds should give the researchers more money.  If all you have is= a lab then=20 everything looks like a research grant, to paraphrase the old hammer/= nail=20 analogy.
 
Dan Weitzner actually asked "where the innovation will come from= ?" and got=20 no answer.  Duh!!  The innovation (i.e. actually turning in= ventions=20 into large-scale viable businesses) will come from the major players = in the ICT=20 industry.  In the end, no one has the capital or the incentive -= - so no one=20 else matters.
 
My most important takeaway from listening yesterday is that this= Broadband=20 policy exercize is a mess.  A royal political mess.  Can't = wait for=20 the State of the Union!
 
The primary reason why US broadband "penetration" is under 70% i= s because=20 20%+ of the US population don't use computers -- which is not somethi= ng=20 Washington can solve.  Why not?  They don't need You-Tube t= o watch=20 video and don't need email to communicate.  Cable/Sat TV and cel= l-phones do=20 that just fine.  And, everyone who wants television and to talk = to mom has=20 figured out how to afford them.
 
The issue with broadband is not cost.  It ca= n't be=20 solved with a Universal Broadband Fund.  It's about practical= =20 functionality.  Services delivered.  Period.
 
When our next generation healthcare and banking SERVICES ar= e in=20 the Cloud (i.e. to two largest components of the US service economy -= - not=20 entertainment), then everyone will have to use a computer and will ne= ed a=20 broadband connection. 
 
Maybe we need a Broadband Town Hall Meeting . . . or a T1-Party?= =20 <g>
 
Mark Stahlman
New York City 
 
 



--Boundary_(ID_9gUfMDXa7QLDjUqs1uhxww)--   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Sat Sep 5 14:21:38 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPI00501GBVYD@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Sat, 05 Sep 2009 14:21:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPI00501GBPU3@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Sat, 05 Sep 2009 14:21:25 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG000016MLYN@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:56:46 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.5]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPG000296MLUG@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:56:45 -0400 (EDT) Received: from b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B715C48F0C for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:00:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.38]) by b-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B4BC248F07 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:00:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B14EC49209 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:00:23 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4DB2442F46 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:50 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (SMTP01.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.217.196]) by a-lb-mx-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8802E42F43 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:48 -0400 (EDT) Received: from [10.0.1.5] (c-67-165-107-113.hsd1.pa.comcast.net [67.165.107.113] (may be forged)) (authenticated bits=0) by smtp01.srv.cs.cmu.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id n84Cw2Ko007439 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:47 -0400 (EDT) Date: Fri, 04 Sep 2009 08:58:47 -0400 From: David Farber Subject: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: <18B73C7B-11E1-49C2-B175-E53EB46C7DEC@farber.net> MIME-version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1075.2) X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1075.2) Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=from :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:subject:date:references :to:message-id:mime-version:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=6n+W4DtB5QVKmAV1q sZjho7QdiE=; b=YtjLqIXVrZmi5yB37OT+Gcp5E9WOpcbPgxg60GYhgtt0j5HYB mi9hr7dB0Q5XBJQoyP8grhDrjqTagsqvdD42w== X-Scanned-By: mimedefang-cmuscs on 128.2.217.196 X-Listbox-UUID: B0D4039C-9952-11DE-BC0B-1FE911F6C9C8 X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <829E0425A1FF734EA68E72AA51284A700B87A8FDA4@exchsrv1> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: List-Id: List-Software: listbox.com v2.0 Begin forwarded message: From: Ed Lazowska Date: September 3, 2009 6:38:40 PM EDT To: "'dave@farber.net'" Cc: Ed Lazowska Subject: RE: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions Well, y'know, the truth is somewhere in between. First of all, there's "the myth of the interchangeable engineer." I remember a jingoistic front-page Seattle Times article 10 or 15 years ago, during one of the never-ending sequence of Boeing downsizings, castigating Microsoft for hiring a very modest number of H-1B workers when there were red-blooded American aerospace engineers and machinists out of work. On the flip side, economists argue that there is no such thing as "a workforce shortage" -- there is only "a workforce shortage at a particular prevailing wage." The situation is complicated by the fact that there's a lot of delay in the system: you don't produce a top- quality engineer in a week, or a month, or a year, or even a decade. If, 15 years ago, entry-level engineers and computer scientists had been paid what entry-level lawyers and financiers were getting paid, then it's reasonable to guess that today, 15 years later, we would have lots more entry-level engineers and computer scientists. So, if the question is "Do US companies offshore and hire H-1B's because of the need for talent, or because of the cost of talent?" the answer is "yes." -----Original Message----- From: David Farber [mailto:dave@farber.net] Sent: Thursday, September 03, 2009 1:22 PM To: ip Subject: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions Begin forwarded message: From: Hasan Diwan Date: September 3, 2009 3:38:24 PM EDT To: dave@farber.net Subject: Re: [IP] Re: Decline in Grad school admissions Dr Farber: As a recipient of an H1B myself, I am personally offended by Professor Unger's missive. I am from the United Kingdom (born and raised). One can say that employment does not measure "intelligence" completely, and yes, I agree with the assertion, but it does provide a subset of a metric to judge intelligence. The process of sponsorship is not straightforward, nor is it cheap. In my region of the country (northern California), my income is on the higher end of the salary scale. With regards to the scores of engineers who have lost their jobs, I apologise to the lot of you. But, scapegoating immigrants is not the answer to your problems. If you expel us, the economy will still need people with special skills. The specific skills may change (right now, it appears nursing/healthcare/education), but the economy will still need the skills. Regarding the field I'm most familiar with, China and India produce more engineers every year than the entire population of the United States. The United States needs more engineers than it can produce (even if EVERY high school student were to do electrical engineering/computer science/chemical engineering/etc., you still won't be able to satisfy demand). China and India have more engineers than their societies can provide jobs for, so they set out on the seven seas, land in places like Australia, the United States, and Europe and work there. Finding a job is a zero-sum game, but that's only once one has a number of qualified candidates. The reason we import engineers is because the company cannot find qualified people here. The process of obtaining an H1B is neither trivial nor cheap. Perhaps Professor Unger ought to try obtaining a work visa before he rails against those of us with one? 2009/9/3 David Farber : > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: Stephen Unger > Date: September 3, 2009 2:29:02 PM EDT > To: David Farber > Cc: ip > Subject: Re: [IP] Decline in Grad school admissions > > Industry people have been crying "shortage" for well over a decade. At > NO time was this cry justified. Large numbers of competent, well > educated engineers, programmers, and related professionals have had > their careers terminated by the squeeze comprised of the import of > H-1Bs, primarily from low-pay countries, and the export of jobs to the > same countries. The problem is particularly acute now that we are in a > slump and engineers are being laid off. > The H-1B program is not about bringing the brightest minds to our > country. Very few H-1Bs are particularly bright. There are other visa > programs that facilitate immigration of exceptional people. Many US > engineers are required to train their H-1B replacements as a condition > for receiving severance pay. -- Sent from my mobile device Envoyait de mon telephone mobil ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------   From interesting-people-errors+interesting-people-2179+40archive+2Ewww+2Einteresting-people+2Eorg@www.interesting-people.org Sat Sep 5 14:21:39 2009 Return-Path: Received: from DD-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPI00501GBVYD@elistx.com> for interesting-people-2179@archive.www.interesting-people.org; Sat, 05 Sep 2009 14:21:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from D-IPEOPLE.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPI00501GBPU3@elistx.com> for interesting-people@direct.www.interesting-people.org (ORCPT interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org); Sat, 05 Sep 2009 14:21:25 -0400 (EDT) Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.elistx.com by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) id <0KPG005018QPAG@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:42:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.3]) by elistx.com (PMDF V6.3-2x2 #31546) with ESMTP id <0KPG002NB8QPHG@elistx.com> for interesting-people@www.interesting-people.org; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:42:25 -0400 (EDT) Received: from a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 72DCD485BD for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:46:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com [208.72.237.56]) by a-lb-ob-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 71637485BC for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:46:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by c-lb-ex-quonix.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E73548210 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:46:03 -0400 (EDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by b-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A3FC440FA for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:44:42 -0400 (EDT) Received: from qw-out-2122.google.com (qw-out-2122.google.com [74.125.92.26]) by b-lb-mx-sd.listbox.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65AF5440F9 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:44:40 -0400 (EDT) Received: by qw-out-2122.google.com with SMTP id 5so247038qwi.27 for ; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 06:44:34 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.224.53.101 with SMTP id l37mr5659796qag.367.1252071874388; Fri, 04 Sep 2009 06:44:34 -0700 (PDT) Received: from ?10.0.1.7? ([67.165.107.113]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 22sm609060qyk.2.2009.09.04.06.44.33 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Fri, 04 Sep 2009 06:44:33 -0700 (PDT) Date: Fri, 04 Sep 2009 09:43:33 -0400 From: Dave Farber Subject: [IP] Future of the Internet and How to Enable It To: ip Errors-to: Reply-to: dave@farber.net Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 (iPhone Mail 7A400) X-Mailer: iPhone Mail (7A400) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_HYsRyg+Wbt1X38iE+ImJiQ)" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=listbox.com; h=message-id :from:to:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :subject:date:references:reply-to:list-id:list-help :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe; s=launch; bh=xAXvIsm5IS4Y5i71f jVBSLSQbhE=; b=VW9DOyyJusNP8giCKlDPFYdoN2UIfen7q2LTuWGSrn2upXrUI AS37O8iElJeQGoIqiiV7ePbg1fHAz01voEiCQ== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=gamma; h=domainkey-signature:received:received:sender:message-id:from:to :content-type:content-transfer-encoding:x-mailer:mime-version :subject:date:references; bh=nrPV90Yg9W3EtGadxvRHthZL5LX2jELJ6yDvtLFU3AI=; b=sCot4IbEzMCZEupejo8z8y9nA4Fzu5ExC3Y/Ofo2s7M0FbD6R8/REBQX+4Mbo0LYAk f1lv2IwIlCQG/1e8pDYegKMEP8+URFMuuH/AS18DK9tT/peYFbbQalrTC52R/lOypias b8DWmMflT7RbX0ZrzAq65fQTEH6/YstC52mmY= X-Listbox-UUID: 19086DE4-9959-11DE-AD72-81C99CA7E0AF X-Listbox-List-ID: 247 References: <4CAA9ADF803AAF48B2B40D5226A6F37B02F68BE0@itimail.itic.org> List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: ,